OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to systematically explore the role or involvement of spouses in collaborative management and glycemic behavior change in DM.
METHODS: Five databases including Scopus, PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SAGE, and Web of Science were reviewed for relevant articles retrieved from 2017 to 2022. Literature search used keywords, including "Spouse," "Support," "Self-management," "Glycemic Control," and "Diabetes mellitus." The Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines were used for appraisal review of journals. The component of partner support in the self-management of patients with DM is associated with an increase in the patient's glycemic level.
RESULTS: Twenty-five studies were identified that describe the different spousal roles and strategies in the promotion and support of DM management. Overall, spouses' involvement positively impacted healthy diets, higher self-efficacy, improved quality of psychological well-being, increased perceived support, and changes in glycemic-influenced behavior. Adaptation in the spouse patient relationship including maintaining cohesiveness can result in positive coping is essential in normalizing and contextualizing the chronic condition of DM. Partner-based collaboration is important for diabetes management, overcoming management barriers, and generating communal coping.
CONCLUSION: This systematic review observed that the involvement of a spouse is important in improving collaborative management and results in better glycemic behavior in patients with DM. A better understanding of the relationship between spousal involvement, coping strategies, and adherence in daily management and the subsequent use of this information are highly useful for creating targeted and effective interventions.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on hospitalised adult COVID-19 patients admitted between June and August 2021 in general COVID-19 wards, treated with methylprednisolone. Clinical outcomes evaluated include in-hospital mortality, thirty-day mortality, clinical efficacy (C-reactive protein (CRP), total white blood cells (TWBC) and oxygen requirement) as well as the safety of methylprednisolone.
RESULTS: Of 278 patients, 1(0.4%) received weight-based dosing of 1 mg/kg/day, 101(36.3%) received weight-based dosing of 2 mg/kg/day, 130(46.8%) received fixed dosing methylprednisolone 250 mg/day and 46(16.5%) received fixed dosing methylprednisolone 500 mg/day. There was a significant difference in in-hospital mortality rates following different methylprednisolone doses whereby in-hospital mortality occurred in 22.5% (n = 23) of patients with 1 or 2 mg/kg/day methylprednisolone, 32.3% (n = 42) with 250 mg/day and 39.1% (n = 18) with 500 mg/day (p = 0.023). On the other hand, no significant difference in thirty-day mortality, clinical efficacy and safety was observed between different dosing regimens (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The use of methylprednisolone weight-based dosing in hospitalised COVID-19 patients should be considered due to the positive outcome associated with lower in-hospital mortality.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a level 2 prospective cohort study. All patients with fractures of the distal tibia who underwent surgical fixation with the exclusion ofpatients with polytrauma, neurovascular injuries or pre-existing disabilities were recruited. Patients underwent MIPO plating followed by a post-operative ComputedTomography (CT) scan of bilateral lower limbs. AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was recorded at six months and one year follow-up.
RESULTS: A total of 24 patients (28 to 83 years old) were recruited. Nineteen patients obtained CT scans. Nine of the 19 patients (47.3%) had tibia malrotation. The mean tibia malrotation angle was 10.3° (0° - 45°). The average AOFAS scores was 82.4 and 84.3 at 6 months and 1 year follow-up. Degree of CT malrotation was not significantly associated with AOFAS scores at 6 month (spearman rho -0.386) and 1 year (spearman rho -0.343).
CONCLUSIONS: Tibia malrotation following MIPO plating of distal tibia fractures is common, with an incidence of 47.3% and an average malrotation angle of 10.3°. The degree of malrotation does not appear to have significant mid-term functional impact on the patient.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This presentation is on a series of 18 cases of nerve injuries among industrial workers located from finger level up to the arm excluding the brachial plexus due to metallic foreign bodies entering while operating lathe machines over a period of two years with patients being followed-up over a one year period.
RESULTS: Mean age in this series was 31.3 years with age range 16-40 years and all were males. Two patients had more than one nerve involvement and one patient had associated vascular injury. All the patients showed functional improvement. Most common nerve injured was median nerve. Most common site for nerve injury was forearm. Combined lesions most commonly involved the ulnar and median nerves.
CONCLUSION: Social cost of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries is significant since it has a higher incidence in young, previously healthy, and economically active people.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted on five databases, i.e. ProQuest, CINAHL, Medline, Embase, and Scopus, using the following keywords: total knee arthroplasty (TKA), post-operative, quality of life (QoL), and outcome. There were no restrictions on the research design.
RESULTS: This review found 14 articles (7 prospective studies and 7 retrospective studies) involving 15,972 patients who underwent TKA, with an age range of 32 - 94 years. All articles reported improvement in QoL after TKA. The review revealed 30 factors, of which 15 factors were significantly correlated with QoL after TKA. The factors were grouped into four types: demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and psychosocial factors.
CONCLUSION: Information regarding factors that correlate with QoL after TKA can be used for directing treatment and discharge planning according to the patient's factors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a randomised controlled trial, patients received short-segment fixation with intermediate screws. We assessed post-operative back pain (Visual Analog Scale or VAS), blood loss, operative/fluoroscopy times, radiographic parameters, and oswestry disability index (ODI) scores at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.
RESULTS: Between January 2018 and October 2019, 31 patients received PPSF and 30 OPSF. Mean intra-operative blood loss was 66.45 (±44.29) ml for PPSF vs 184.83 (±128.36) ml for OPSF (p<0.001). Fluoroscopy time averaged 2.36 (±0.76) minutes for PPSF vs 0.58 (±0.51) minutes for OPSF (p<0.001). No significant differences existed in operative time or post-operative VAS scores. Radiographic parameters (kyphosis angle and vertebral height ratios) didn't significantly differ post-operatively or at 12 months. However, ODI scores differed significantly at 6 months (p=0.025), with no difference at 12 months.
CONCLUSION: In this trial, PPSF was comparable to OPSF in improving ODI scores at 12 months but showed earlier improvement at 6 months and reduced blood loss. Radiographic outcomes remained similar between groups over 12 months.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparative study was conducted on 32 patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis of knees. While the neutral group of 16 patients was constituted of those with an anatomical-lateral-femoro-tibial-angle (aFTA) 176-180º, varus group comprised an equal number of patients with an aFTA >180º. A home-based 12-week strength-training program involving weekly visits to hospital for supervised sessions was administered. The outcome measures were visual-analog-scale (VAS), medial patello-femoral joint tenderness (MPFJT), time-up-and-go-test (TUGT), stair-climb test, step test, WOMAC, IKDC scores, aFTA, hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle, lateral-tibio-femoral-joint-separation (LTFJS), and horizontal-distance-from-centre-of-knee-to-Mikulicz-line.
RESULTS: There was a significant increase in quadriceps strength (p<0.01) in both groups. Values for neutral group with VAS score (p=0.01), MPFJT (p=0.01), TUGT (p=0.01), timing of the stair climb test (p=0.01), WOMAC (p<0.01), and IKDC (p=0.03) were better compared to varus group with VAS score (p=0.13), MPFJT (p=0.03), TUGT (p=0.90), timing of stair climb test (p=0.68), WOMAC (p<0.02), and IKDC (p=0.05). Varus group also showed an increase in aFTA and LTFJS in 12 patients, increase in HKA in 11, and increase in horizontal distance from the centre of knee to the Mikulicz line in 7 patients.
CONCLUSION: The present study brings to the fore the paradoxical role played by QSEs in management of medial knee OA. While there is a radiological progression of the disease in both neutral and varus mal-aligned knees more so in the latter than the former.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional review of all patients with either primary bone tumour or secondary bone metastases treated with en bloc resection and endoprosthesis reconstruction from January 2008 to December 2020.
RESULTS: A total of 35 failures were recorded among the 27 (48.2%) patients with endoprostheses. Some of the patients suffered from one to three types of modes of failure on different timelines during the course of the disease. Up to eight patients suffered from more than one type of failure throughout the course of the disease. Out of all modes of failure, local recurrence (type 5 failure) was the most common, accounting for 25.0% of all failure cases. Four patients (7.1%) eventually underwent amputation, which were either due to infection (2 patients) or disease progression causing local recurrence (2 patients).
CONCLUSION: The overall result of endoprosthesis reconstruction performed in our centre was compatible with other centres around the world. Moreover, limb salvage surgery should be performed carefully in a selected patient group to maximise the benefits of surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients with active Charcot arthropathy treated at the medical centre from 1 January 2013 to 30 June 2020 were included in the study. Efficacy outcome was evaluated based on time to consolidate findings observed through radiographic examination, while safety outcome was evaluated based on the incidence of adverse event (AE) occurrence.
RESULTS: A total of 81 patients (37 male, 44 female) diagnosed with active Charcot arthropathy were included. 64.2% of patients were at stage 1 of Charcot arthropathy whereas 35.8% were at stage 2. The mean time to consolidate for stage 1 and stage 2 was 6.50 ± 4.21 months and 3.63 ± 2.92 months respectively (p-value = 0.139). No significant association was observed between gender, ethnicity and disease stage with the consolidation time (p-value >0.05). The rate of AE incidence was 2.5%, observed in 2 patients who developed a fever during the treatment. No other serious AE was observed in the study.
CONCLUSION: Intravenous Pamidronate infusion is a safe and effective treatment option for Charcot arthropathy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of patients with knee problems that underwent lateral knee radiograph using the knee movement method (KM method), starting from March 2022 until August 2022. Fifty knee radiograph results using the KM method (KM group) were compared to retrospective data from fifty knee radiograph from the patients before March 2022 using the traditional method of lateral knee radiograph as the control (TM group). The data were analysed using the Chi-Square test to see if the KM method is associated with more true lateral knee radiograph results achieved compared to the traditional procedure.
RESULTS: Fifty patients in the KM method group had 80% (n=40) true lateral knee radiographs and 20% (n=10) untrue lateral knee radiographs, while in the Traditional Procedure group from the retrospective data of 50 patients had 44% (n=22) true lateral knee radiographs and 56% (n=28) untrue lateral knee radiographs (P<0.05). There is no significant association between the type of procedure applied with the types of error (P=0.432). Nevertheless, it helps us as it gives a gross picture that most of the errors are under-rotation of the knee, either from the KM method Group 90% (n=9) or the Traditional procedure Group 79% (n=22).
CONCLUSION: The KM method was associated with achievement of a more true and accurate lateral knee radiograph. Additional studies with a larger sample should be done to evaluate the reliability of this method.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty oncological cases treated with massive bone resection and the implant of a megaprosthesis were included in our study. Among them, 22 [(GGroup A) received one gram of vancomycin powder on the surface of the implant and another gram on the surface of the muscular fascia]. The remaining 28 did not receive such a treatment (Group B). The rest of surgical procedures and the follow-up were the same for the two groups. Patients underwent periodical outpatient visits, radiographs and blood exams' evaluations. Diagnosis of PJIs and adverse reactions to topical vancomycin were recorded.
RESULTS: None of the cases treated with topical vancomycin developed infections, whereas 6 of the 28 cases (21.4%) who did not receive the powder suffered from PJIs. These outcomes suggest that cases treated with VP had a significantly lower risk of post-operative PJI (p=0.028). None of our cases developed acute kidney failures or any other complication directly or indirectly attributable to the local administration of VP.
CONCLUSIONS: The topical use of vancomycin powder on megaprosthetic surfaces and the overlying fascias, alongside with a correct endovenous antibiotic prophylaxis, can represent a promising approach in order to minimise the risk of periprosthetic infections in orthopaedic oncology surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This observational study recruited 50 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who were 12 to 18 years of age with Cobb angle >10°. Based on Pearson correlation coefficient, radiographic parameters such as coracoid height difference (CHD), clavicle rib intersection distance (CRID), clavicle angle (CA), clavicle chest cage angle difference (CCAD), and T1 tilt angle were evaluated in correlation with clinical shoulder and neck balance by difference of inner shoulder height (SHi), difference of outer shoulder height (SHo), and neck tilt angle.
RESULTS: SHi was moderately correlated with T1 tilt angle (r [hereafter] = 0.45), CA (0.47), and CHD (0.57), high-moderately correlated with CRID (0.64), very-highly correlated with CCAD (0.84). SHo was moderately correlated with T1 tilt angle (0.43), highly correlated with CHD (0.60), CA (0.63), and CRID (0.72), and very-highly correlated with CCAD (0.89). T1 tilt angle was high-moderately correlated with neck tilt angle (0.76). The correlation coefficients between clinical and radiographic shoulder and neck balance according to sex, BMI, type of main curve, severity of main curve did not change significantly.
CONCLUSION: There was a very high correlation between SHo (shoulder tilt) and CCAD (0.89); the correlation between SHo and CRID was high-moderate (0.72), but CRID is easier than CCAD to evaluate on radiographs. On the other hand, T1 tilt angle, which is the easiest radiographic parameter to evaluate, had a high-moderate correlation with neck tilt angle (0.76) but a moderate correlation with SHo (0.43).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study of 30 cases who underwent All Burr Robotic Assisted TKA at our institute, RNH hospital. Inclusion criteria were primary and secondary osteoarthritis of the knee and exclusion criteria were revision and partial knee replacement. On Navio robotic system femoral external rotation was planned as per medio-lateral flexion gap balancing and executed with burr. Post-operative CT scan was done in all patients to assess intra-operative planned femoral external rotation.
RESULTS: Out of 30 cases, 20 were female and 10 were male. Mean age was 66.06±7.43 years. On Navio the planned external rotation of femoral component was 2.86±1.16. Average of femoral component external rotation on postoperative CT scan was 3.11±1.16. The mean deviation of achieved femoral component external rotation from planned external rotation was -0.24 to ±0.28. Only 37% patients required 3° external rotation. Correlation between planned and achieved femoral component external rotation was significant, positive and very strong as indicated by r=0.97 and p=0.0001.
CONCLUSION: All Burr Robotic Assisted TKA provides near accurate femoral component external rotation as planned on Navio with deviation of less than 0.3° between planned and achieved external rotation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively measured the diameter of the Semitendinosus tendon (ST) on the MRI in all patients who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using quadrupled Semitendinosus as their graft. We also estimated any correlation between various anthropometric data with pre-operative MRI based Cross Sectional Area (CSA) of the Hamstring tendon and final graft diameter in the South Asian population. The patients were included from Jan 2018 - Dec 2020.
RESULTS: The minimum CSA of ST to predict an eventual graft diameter of 7.5mm was 10.7mm2. The MRI based cross-sectional area measurement showed moderate correlation with the intra-operative graft diameter obtained. (r=0.62, p<0.001). The intra-class correlation coefficient between the radiologist and the surgeon was 0.82, 95% CI (0.57, 0.92) and a p-value <0.001.
CONCLUSION: Pre-operative MRI can be a useful tool to predict the graft diameter. This coupled with the anthropometric data of the patient can be used as an adjunct to estimate the probable graft diameter. Thus, the surgeon can be better prepared for the surgery and can seek alternate graft options if the graft size is deemed inadequate pre-operatively.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional cadaveric study involving 164 randomly selected fresh multiracial Asian hemipelves (82 cadavers). Hemipelves were dissected to expose and evaluate the vascular elements posterior to superior pubic rami. Data were analysed using Chi-Square, t-test and with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics v26 software.
RESULTS: CMOR was found in 117 hemipelves (71.3%). No new morphological subtype was found. The mean distance of CMOR to symphysis pubis was 54.72mm (SD 9.35). Based on the results, it is evident that precaution needed to be taken at least within 55mm from symphysis pubis during any surgical intervention. The lack of statistically significant correlation between CMOR occurrence and gender, race and age suggest that the incidence of CMOR could be sporadic in manner.
CONCLUSION: We conclude that CMOR is not just aberrant vessel as the incidence is high and this finding is comparable to other studies. The mean location of CMOR obtained in this study will guide surgeons from various disciplines in Asia to manage traumatic vascular injury and to perform a safe surgical procedure involving the pelvis area.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine patients were identified, who underwent both, a standardised shoulder MRI and following arthroscopic shoulder surgery in our hospital. For this retrospective comparative study, the MRIs were pseudonymised and evaluated separately by an orthopaedic surgeon and a radiologist. A third rater evaluated images and reports of shoulder surgery, which served as positive control. Results of all raters were then compared. The aim was an analysis of agreement rates of diagnostic accuracy of preoperative MRI by a radiologist and an orthopaedic surgeon.
RESULTS: The overall agreement with positive control of detecting transmural cuff tears was high (84% and 89%) and lower for partial tears (70-80%). Subscapularis tears were assessed with moderate rates of agreement (60 - 70%) compared to intra-operative findings. Labral pathologies were detected mostly correctly. SLAP lesions and pulley lesions of the LHB were identified with only moderate agreement (66.4% and 57.2%) and had a high inter-rater disagreement.
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that tears of the rotator cuff (supraspinatus, infraspinatus) and labral pathologies can be assessed in non-contrast pre-operative shoulder MRI images with a high accuracy. This allows a detailed planning of surgery and aftercare. Pathologies of the subscapularis tendon, SLAP lesions and biceps instabilities are more challenging to detect correctly. There were only small differences between a radiologic and orthopaedic interpretation of the images.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective cohort analysis, patients who underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair without any concomitant additional lesion repair using either all-suture anchors or metal anchors, between January 2015 and May 2018 were identified. Their pre- and post-operative functional and clinical outcomes were compared using Rowe and WOSI scores. The recurrence rate in the two groups was also compared.
RESULTS: A total of 41 patients in all suture anchors group and 47 in the metal anchors group were identified as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. The demographic profile of both groups was comparable. There was no significant difference in clinical and functional outcome between the two suture anchor groups as per Rowe (pre-operative 40.13+6.51 vs 38.09+6.24 and post-operative 2 years 93.28+7.09 vs 92.55+9.2) and WOSI (pre-operative 943.05+216.64 vs 977.55+165.46 and post-operative 2 years 278.21+227.56 vs 270.94+186.25) scores. There was a significant improvement in both the groups between preoperative and post-operative ROWE and WOSI scores at 6 months and 2 years follow-up as compared to pre-operative scores (p<0.001). Re-dislocation rates were also comparable (4.8% vs 6.3%).
CONCLUSION: All-suture anchors showed comparable clinical and functional results as the metal anchors for arthroscopic Bankart repair at two-year follow-up.