Browse publications by year: 2024

  1. Muniandy Y, Mohamad S, Raoov M
    RSC Adv, 2024 Apr 10;14(17):11977-11985.
    PMID: 38623288 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00940a
    A green method based on magnetic micro-solid phase extraction (MNP-TW-μ-SPE) of tea waste impregnated with magnetic nanoparticles (MNP-TW) was developed for the extraction of ibuprofen (IBP) in water samples prior to UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis. Experimenting parameters that affect the extraction efficiency of IBP, such as pH of the sample solution, sorbent dosage, extraction time, ionic strength, volume of the sample, type of desorption solvent, desorption time, and desorption volume, were studied and optimized in detail. The characterization studies for the MNP-TW were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Under the optimum conditions, the linearity ranges from 30 to 700 μg L-1 for IBP, with determination coefficients (R2) of 0.9983. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 9.40 μg L-1 and 28.50 μg L-1, respectively. The method also demonstrated good precision in reproducibility (RSD ≤ 1.53%), repeatability (RSD ≤ 1.48%), and recovery (86-115%). This method represents the advantages of low solvent consumption, flexibility, and better sensitivity compared to other studies employing spectrophotometric analysis. The usage of tea waste in the extraction process presents many advantages, as it is biodegradable, versatile, and contributes to an intelligent and sustainable economic strategy projected toward a circular economy approach.
  2. Farhani S, Roslina AJ, Nik Mazlina M, Noor Hasliza H, Lih Bing L, Noorul Amilin S, et al.
    PMID: 38623415 DOI: 10.51866/oa.205
    INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many countries to turn to web-based solutions. The Home Assessment Tool (HAT) is a web-based system using the MySejahtera application developed by the government. It serves as a communication platform for patients with COVID-19 to self-monitor their clinical symptoms and enables authorised healthcare personnel to access and manage collected data for clinical monitoring. Our study aimed to examine the utilisation of this internet-based tool among patients with COVID-19 in Selangor.

    METHODS: This observational study analysed secondary data from the self-reported HAT within MySejahtera. It included all patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 through molecular assays such as RT-PCR or RTK-Ag on 1-21 February 2021, aged >18 years and residing in Selangor. Patients who had documented their symptoms at least once in the HAT during the prescribed 10-day isolation period were classified as HAT users.

    RESULTS: A total of 4438 patients were included, of whom 39.4% were HAT users, while 60.6% were non-HAT users. Logistic regression analysis revealed three significant factors associated with low utilisation of the HAT: absence of medical condition (odds ratio [OR]: 9.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.49-12.01), advanced age (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.20-1.52) and non-Malaysian citizenship (OR: 3.4; 95% CI: 2.50-4.72).

    CONCLUSION: The utilisation of the HAT is low, which is associated with advanced age (>65 years), absence of medical conditions and foreign nationality. It is imperative to develop inventive strategies tailored to address the unique needs of these particular demographics.

  3. Muhammad Hafiz MP, Azidah AK, Zainab MY
    PMID: 38623417 DOI: 10.51866/cr.531
    Buccal lichenoid lesions (BLLs) are characterised by a unique, linear whitish striation in the buccal region and can be accompanied by ulcers, plaques, erythemas, atrophies and blisters. They are distinguished from oral lichen planus (OLP) by the association of the administration of a drug or contact with a metal. Herein, we present the case of a 42-year-old woman with underlying hypertension with amlodipine-induced BLLs. She complained of a 1-month history of right buccal whitish streaks and oral ulcers 2 months after taking amlodipine. She visited a private otorhinolaryngology clinic, and a biopsy for the right buccal ulcer was conducted. The biopsy result showed features suggestive of OLP. The patient was then diagnosed with OLP. Her symptoms were persistent despite treatment, so a dental referral was made. Amlodipine was suspected as the cause of her condition and was therefore stopped. Her condition gradually resolved after amlodipine withdrawal. Hence, primary care physicians should be aware of BLLs as one of the adverse drug reactions of amlodipine so that prompt management can be taken to avoid further debilitating impacts on patients.
  4. Wardhani RK, Harini M, Anestherita F, Ramadhani FN
    PMID: 38623418 DOI: 10.51866/oa.405
    INTRODUCTION: The hands are the most common site of disability in leprosy. Hand dysfunction could result in difficulty performing activities of daily living. Therefore, hand function should be regularly assessed to ensure that any decrease in hand function could be diagnosed earlier.

    METHODS: This study included 110 patients with leprosy from Likupang and Lembata, Indonesia. Hand function was assessed using the modified Jebsen test to measure hand function respective of the dominance. The grip and pinch strength were used as objective measures of clinical arm function. The World Health Organization (WHO) hand disability grade were used to determine the degree of impairment. Other factors such as age, sex and the type of leprosy were also considered. All factors were analysed using backward logistic regression.

    RESULTS: Among the 110 participants, a decrease in the dominant (48.2%) and non-dominant (50.9%) hand functions were found. Pinch strength (OR: 3.39; 95% CI: 1.13-10.19) and age (OR: 4.91; 95% CI: 1.72-14.03) were significantly associated with hand function irrespective of the dominance. Conversely, the WHO hand disability grade (OR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.10-8.04) and type of leprosy (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.12-0.97) were significantly associated with only function of the dominant hand.

    CONCLUSION: There is a significant association of age and pinch strength with hand function regardless of the hand dominance. In contrast, the WHO hand disability grade and type of leprosy are significantly associated with the function of the dominant hand only.

  5. Bai D, Hasnimy Mohd Hashim A, Li Y
    Prev Med Rep, 2024 May;41:102718.
    PMID: 38623582 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102718
    Objectives: This study explored the relationship between physical activity (PA), body mass index (BMI), and physical fitness among junior high school students in Shanghai. Methods: A nationwide offline survey was conducted in Shanghai between August and December 2023, using a purposive sampling design. A total of 403 questionnaires were administered to 10 ninth-grade classes in 10 schools in Shanghai and 372 responses were included in the final analysis. Smart-PLS 4.0, structural equation modeling techniques were employed to analyze the collected data. Results: Light physical activity (LPA) had no influence on BMI, 800/1000 m (800/1000 M), sitting forward bend (FB), standing long jump (SLJ), 50 m (50 M), or vital capacity (VC). The results of part hypothesis supported the hypothetical model and explained that BMI had a negatively influence on 50 M, 800/1000 M and SLJ, BMI had a positively influence on VC. Moderate physical activity (MPA) had a negatively influence on BMI, but vigorous physical activity (VPA) had a positively influence on BMI, they both had influence on 50 M and FB, but had no influence on 800/1000 M, SLJ, and VC. Conclusions: BMI, MPA and VPA were found as pivotal factors influencing physical fitness, MPA and VPA were found to have divergent effects on BMI. This study highlighted the multifaceted nature of the relationship between PA, BMI, and physical fitness in junior high school students in Shanghai.
  6. Azhari H, Ng SF, Mohd Razali R, Loo HL
    Curr Med Res Opin, 2024 May;40(5):753-763.
    PMID: 38625386 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2024.2340734
    Atopic dermatitis (AD) has become a common childhood disease that affects a large number of children worldwide and has become a chronic skin disease that causes huge economical and psychological damage to the whole family. Despite the use of steroids, immunosuppressants, and various topical preparation, the prognosis is still poor. Hence, this review aimed to explore the potential of using essential oils (EO) as an active ingredient in managing AD. The review was completed by using Pubmed, Scopus, and Medline to search for relevant articles that study the pathophysiology of AD, the properties of EO, the use of EO in managing AD, and the suitable advanced formulation to incorporate EO. From the review conducted, it was concluded that EO have huge potential in managing AD and can be used as complimentary therapeutic agents in AD treatment. Scientists and industries should venture into commercializing more topical products with EO to help manage AD more effectively.
    MeSH terms: Child; Humans
  7. Suraparaju SK, Aljaerani HA, Samykano M, Kadirgama K, Noor MM, Natarajan SK
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2024 Aug;31(38):50166-50178.
    PMID: 38625473 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33151-x
    Molten salts are the operational fluid for most concentrated solar power (CSP) systems, which has attracted more attention among the scientific community due to the augmentation of their properties with the doping of nanoparticles. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoparticles were dispersed in HITEC molten salt to create a novel nanofluid and evaluate the h-BN nanoparticles' influence on HITEC thermophysical properties. The influence of nanoparticle concentration (0.1, 0.5, and 1wt.%) of h-BN and HITEC was studied in this research. HITEC and nano-enhanced HITEC molten salt (NEHMS) were characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Specific heat capacity, latent heat, and melting temperature were assessed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The maximum working temperature was evaluated with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The ideal nanoparticle concentration is 0.1 wt.% h-BN, which results in a 27% increase in heat capacity, a 72% increase in latent heat, and a 7% enhancement in thermal stability. The thermal cycling stability test proved the stability of the enhanced thermophysical properties. The material characterization revealed that the samples with improved thermophysical properties have a homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles with minor nanoparticle agglomeration. The system advisor model (SAM) simulation comparison of the optimum sample with solar salt and HITEC salt revealed that using the optimum sample increases CSP plant efficiency by 0.4% and reduces power costs by 0.13¢/kWh.
    MeSH terms: Boron Compounds/chemistry; Salts/chemistry; Solar Energy; Thermogravimetry; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
  8. Chen R, Aamir AH, Feroz Amin M, Bunnag P, Chan SP, Guo L, et al.
    Diabetes Ther, 2024 Jun;15(6):1261-1277.
    PMID: 38625535 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-024-01568-9
    The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is posing major challenges for the healthcare systems of many countries, particularly in the Asia-Pacific Region, in which T2D can present at younger ages and lower body mass index when compared with Western nations. There is an important role for insulin therapy in the management of T2D in these nations, but available evidence suggests that insulin is under-utilized and often delayed, to the detriment of patient prognosis. The authors of this article gathered as an advisory panel (representative of some of the larger Asia-Pacific nations) to identify their local barriers to insulin use in T2D, and to discuss ways in which to address these barriers, with their outputs summarized herein. Many of the key barriers identified are well-documented issues of global significance, including a lack of healthcare resources or of an integrated structure, insufficient patient education, and patient misconceptions about insulin therapy. Barriers identified as more innate to Asian countries included local inabilities of patients to afford or gain access to insulin therapy, a tendency for some patients to be more influenced by social media and local traditions than by the medical profession, and a willingness to switch care providers and seek alternative therapies. Strategies to address some of these barriers are provided, with hypothetical illustrative case histories.
  9. Lakhan MN, Hanan A, Hussain A, Ali Soomro I, Wang Y, Ahmed M, et al.
    Chem Commun (Camb), 2024 May 09;60(39):5104-5135.
    PMID: 38625567 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06015b
    Water electrolysis is a promising method for efficiently producing hydrogen and oxygen, crucial for renewable energy conversion and fuel cell technologies. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are two key electrocatalytic reactions occurring during water splitting, necessitating the development of active, stable, and low-cost electrocatalysts. Transition metal (TM)-based electrocatalysts, spanning noble metals and TM oxides, phosphides, nitrides, carbides, borides, chalcogenides, and dichalcogenides, have garnered significant attention due to their outstanding characteristics, including high electronic conductivity, tunable valence electron configuration, high stability, and cost-effectiveness. This timely review discusses developments in TM-based electrocatalysts for the HER and OER in alkaline media in the last 10 years, revealing that the exposure of more accessible surface-active sites, specific electronic effects, and string effects are essential for the development of efficient electrocatalysts towards electrochemical water splitting application. This comprehensive review serves as a guide for designing and constructing state-of-the-art, high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts based on TMs, particularly for applications in water splitting.
  10. Wang B, Waris M, Adamiak K, Adnan M, Hamad HA, Bhatti SM
    PLoS One, 2024;19(4):e0295853.
    PMID: 38625885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295853
    The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a significant event of the current century, introducing substantial transformations in economic and social activities worldwide. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between daily COVID-19 cases and Pakistan stock market (PSX) return volatility. To assess the relationship between daily COVID-19 cases and the PSX return volatility, we collected secondary data from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the PSX website, specifically focusing on the PSX 100 index, spanning from March 15, 2020, to March 31, 2021. We used the GARCH family models for measuring the volatility and the COVID-19 impact on the stock market performance. Our E-GARCH findings show that there is long-term persistence in the return volatility of the stock market of Pakistan in the period of the COVID-19 timeline because ARCH alpha (ω1) and GARCH beta (ω2) are significant. Moreover, is asymmetrical effect is found in the stock market of Pakistan during the COVID-19 period due to Gamma (ѱ) being significant for PSX. Our DCC-GARCH results show that the COVID-19 active cases have a long-term spillover impact on the Pakistan stock market. Therefore, the need of strong planning and alternative platform should be needed in the distress period to promote the stock market and investor should advised to make diversified international portfolio by investing in high and low volatility stock market to save their income. This study advocated the implications for investors to invest in low volatility stock especially during the period of pandemics to protect their return on investment. Moreover, policy makers and the regulators can make effective policies to maintain financial stability during pandemics that is very important for the country's economic development.
    MeSH terms: Administrative Personnel; Humans; Pakistan/epidemiology; Economic Development; Pandemics
  11. Tian X, Tian Z, Khatib SFA, Wang Y
    PLoS One, 2024;19(4):e0300195.
    PMID: 38625972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300195
    Internet finance has permeated into myriad households, bringing about lifestyle convenience alongside potential risks. Presently, internet finance enterprises are progressively adopting machine learning and other artificial intelligence methods for risk alertness. What is the current status of the application of various machine learning models and algorithms across different institutions? Is there an optimal machine learning algorithm suited for the majority of internet finance platforms and application scenarios? Scholars have embarked on a series of studies addressing these questions; however, the focus predominantly lies in comparing different algorithms within specific platforms and contexts, lacking a comprehensive discourse and summary on the utilization of machine learning in this domain. Thus, based on the data from Web of Science and Scopus databases, this paper conducts a systematic literature review on all aspects of machine learning in internet finance risk in recent years, based on publications trends, geographical distribution, literature focus, machine learning models and algorithms, and evaluations. The research reveals that machine learning, as a nascent technology, whether through basic algorithms or intricate algorithmic combinations, has made significant strides compared to traditional credit scoring methods in predicting accuracy, time efficiency, and robustness in internet finance risk management. Nonetheless, there exist noticeable disparities among different algorithms, and factors such as model structure, sample data, and parameter settings also influence prediction accuracy, although generally, updated algorithms tend to achieve higher accuracy. Consequently, there is no one-size-fits-all approach applicable to all platforms; each platform should enhance its machine learning models and algorithms based on its unique characteristics, data, and the development of AI technology, starting from key evaluation indicators to mitigate internet finance risks.
  12. Lim SH, Lim YC, Zaki RA, Johari BM, Chang CY, Omar SFS, et al.
    PLoS One, 2024;19(4):e0298376.
    PMID: 38626017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298376
    BACKGROUND: Post Acute COVID Syndrome (PACS), a complex and poorly understood condition characterised by persistent symptoms following the acute phase of COVID-19 infection, has emerged as a significant global health concern. Healthcare workers who had been at the forefront of the pandemic response are at heightened risk of contracting the virus and subsequently developing PACS. Therefore, we aim to determine the prevalence and risk factors for PACS among healthcare workers infected with COVID-19.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2022 and August 2023 using an online REDCap electronic data capture tool questionnaire. PACS was defined as new or persistent symptoms lasting more than 28 days after a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction or rapid test kit antigen test. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine predictors associated with PACS.

    RESULTS: Among 609 infected healthcare workers, they were predominantly female (71.8%), Malays (84.6%), and aged 18-39 years (70.1%). 50.7% of infected healthcare workers experienced PACS. The most common PACS symptoms experienced were fatigue (27.9%), cough (25.1%), decreased physical strength (20.5%), and musculoskeletal pain (19.2%). Those who are more likely to develop PACS were females, underlying asthma, and COVID-19 severity category 3. On the other hand, those who received booster vaccinations were less likely to develop PACS.

    CONCLUSION: PACS is prevalent among healthcare workers with COVID-19 at the University Malaya Medical Centre. These findings emphasise the critical need for those with higher risk to receive regular health monitoring and checkups to detect any early signs of PACS. It underscores the need for continuous support and healthcare interventions to mitigate the impacts of PACS and ensure the physical and mental well-being of healthcare workers.

    MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Universities; Prevalence
  13. Ahmad Nasfy SN, Abdul Hamid H, Md Khairuddin A, Mohamad Fauzi MK
    BMJ Case Rep, 2024 Apr 16;17(4).
    PMID: 38627058 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-257326
    Gliomatosis peritonei (GP) and Growing Teratoma Syndrome (GTS) are rare and clinically significant conditions often associated with ovarian teratomas. GP involves the development of benign glial implants on the peritoneal surface, while GTS is characterised by the growth of benign, yet enlarging peritoneal implants following chemotherapy for malignant germ cell tumours. These implants are typically histologically mature teratomas devoid of malignancy. Our report documents a unique case where both GP and GTS manifested in a patient undergoing treatment for an immature ovarian teratoma. This dual occurrence is scarcely reported in the existing literature. The patient, a nulliparous woman in her 20s, developed a tumour indicative of GTS immediately after completing three cycles of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin therapy. This chemotherapy regimen followed fertility-sparing surgery for a stage IIIb ovarian immature teratoma. Given that total tumour resection is pivotal in positively influencing the prognosis of GTS, early minimally invasive surgical intervention before significant tumour growth is essential. This approach is particularly crucial considering that ovarian germ cell tumours are commonly present in younger patients, necessitating a focus on fertility preservation in most cases.
    MeSH terms: Female; Humans; Prognosis; Young Adult
  14. Elhadery SS, Alhajj MN, Yunus N, Ibrahim N, Abidin ZZ, Ahmad SF, et al.
    J Prosthet Dent, 2024 Apr 15.
    PMID: 38627176 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.03.020
    STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Three-dimensional (3D) printing of cobalt chromium (Co-Cr) removable partial dentures (RPDs)by selective laser melting (SLM) has been claimed to be less challenging than by conventional casting and provides significant improvements. However, the adaptation and fit of the SLM framework and the optimum build orientation are still unclear.

    PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro and clinical study was to evaluate the effect of different build orientations on the adaptation of removable partial denture frameworks fabricated by SLM technology in vitro and to compare the adaptation of the SLM and conventional RPD frameworks clinically.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: A master model simulating a maxillary arch of Kennedy class III modification 1 was scanned and duplicated to create a virtual 3D cast and reference cast. Four groups (n=40) of Co-Cr RPD frameworks were fabricated. For the SLM groups, the Co-Cr framework was virtually designed and exported for SLM printing. The SLM printing was done in 3 different build orientations: 0-degree (n=10), 45-degree (n=10), and 90-degree (n=10) groups. Other Co-Cr frameworks were conventionally cast (n=10). All Co-Cr frameworks were scanned and virtually superimposed with the master model using a surface-matching software program. The gap under 9 selected points in the palatal major connectors was analyzed and calculated. A smaller gap indicates more surface adaptation and close contact between the palatal major connector and the master model. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunnett T3 tests (α=.05). Three patients with a partially dentate maxillary arch were enrolled in the clinical part based on inclusion criteria. Two RPD frameworks were provided for each patient (conventional casting and SLM printing). The adaptation of each framework was assessed by measuring the gap between the palatal major connector of the framework and the palate with light-body silicone. The differences in adaptation between the conventional and SLM frameworks were compared by using independent t tests (α=.05).

    RESULTS: The in vitro study identified significant differences in the adaptation of the palatal major connector among the 4 groups (P

  15. Taufik SA, Ramli N, Tan AH, Lim SY, Ghani MTA, Shahrizaila N
    J Clin Neurol, 2024 May;20(3):285-292.
    PMID: 38627230 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2023.0353
    BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is increasing evidence that the anterior visual pathways are involved in neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This study investigated longitudinal changes in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with ALS and PD with the aim of better understanding their roles as biomarkers of disease progression.

    METHODS: This study recruited 21 ALS patients, 19 age-matched PD patients, and 21 agematched healthy controls. Patient demographics and clinical scores relating to the respective diseases were documented. The RNFL thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography at baseline and after 6 months.

    RESULTS: At baseline, the RNFL in the superior quadrant was significantly thinner in the patients with ALS than in healthy controls (109.90±22.41 µm vs. 127.81±17.05 µm [mean±standard deviation], p=0.008). The RNFL thickness did not differ significantly between the ALS and PD patients or between the PD patients and healthy controls. At 6 months, there was further significant RNFL thinning in patients with ALS, for both the overall thickness (baseline: median=94.5 µm, range=83.0-106.0 µm; follow-up: median=93.5 µm, range=82.5-104.5 µm, p=0.043) and the thickness in the inferior quadrant (median=126 µm, range=109.5-142.5 µm; and median=117.5 µm, range=98.5-136.5 µm; respectively, p=0.032). However, these changes were not correlated with the ALS functional scores. In contrast, the patients with PD did not demonstrate a significant change in RNFL thickness between the two time points.

    CONCLUSIONS: The RNFL thickness is a promising biomarker of disease progression in patients with ALS but not in those with PD, which has a slower disease progression.

  16. Perrone G, Giuffrida M, Abu-Zidan F, Kruger VF, Livrini M, Petracca GL, et al.
    World J Emerg Surg, 2024 Apr 16;19(1):14.
    PMID: 38627831 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-024-00543-w
    BACKGROUND: Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann's procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA.

    METHODS: This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up.

    RESULTS: 564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6 years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P 

    MeSH terms: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anastomosis, Surgical/methods; Emergencies*; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications/etiology; Prospective Studies
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