METHODS: The Back-to-Back translation model (10) was used in this study for the guidelines of adaptation and translation of therapeutic modules. Following the instructions in this document made the process of adaptation and translation simpler.
RESULTS: Results showed that the (10) is a significant model and provided a systematic and comprehensive way for adaptation and translation of therapeutic module with make little changes in reaction to feedback and cultural awareness.
CONCLUSION: At the end, it emphasised how important it is to conduct an extensive study to determine the effectiveness and cultural compatibility of the updated modules. However, these principles ultimately enhance effective and inclusive health care, providing health professionals with a foundation for adapting and translating therapeutic processes to diverse cultural conditions.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comprehensive review of all "surveys in urology answered by urologists" was performed through the PubMed and Scopus databases, according to the SPICE framework. Included surveys were divided according to the subject: "Uro-oncology", "Urolithiasis", "Mental health" "Resident training", and "Miscellaneous". Publications were then divided into 2 main periods: Period-1 (2000-2011) and Period-2 (2012-2023).
RESULTS: A total of 361 surveys have been published since 2000, with a significant overall increasing trend in the recent decade (p <0.001). A significantly increasing focus is seen for publications on resident training (n = 86; +660%; p = 0.003), mental health (n = 31; +650%; p = 0.001), urolithiasis (n = 40; +371%; p = 0.002), and uro-oncology (n = 94; +230%, p ≤0.001). In subanalysis, the largest increase in publications was noted for surveys on radical prostatectomy (+175%, p = 0.024), surgical treatment of urolithiasis (+320%, p = 0.040), quality of resident education (+483%, p <0.001), and personal satisfaction with resident training (+500%, p = 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS: Over the decades, surveys have served as an effective interactive tool for urologists to engage and investigate different aspects of practice and training across sub-specialties. In modern times, better evaluation tools integrated with AI will provide a bigger platform for urologists to use surveys as part of their armamentarium to address and evaluate not only clinical practices but also emotional challenges, training needs, and inequalities that hinder progress in urology.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included patients from 5 different chiropractic centers in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Demographic information and variables influencing patients' decisions were obtained through an online questionnaire via quick-response code. Descriptive statistics were used to describe patients' demographics and factors influencing patients' preferences in choosing their chiropractors.
RESULTS: Data were available for 198 chiropractic patients with a mean age of 31.5 years. Approximately 90% of the participants agreed that a chiropractor with good technical and interpersonal skills and excellent service by chiropractic center staff strongly influenced their preference in choosing their chiropractor, while only 13.6% agreed that referral by other health care professionals influenced their preference in choosing their chiropractor.
CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the influence of a chiropractor's technical and interpersonal skills, as well as friendly staff, on a patient's preferences when choosing their chiropractor. Our findings may provide chiropractic centers and health care providers with a better understanding of the variables that influence a patient's decisions and assist them in improving their services.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data collected from secondary school students in Kelantan from 2017 to 2018 who participated in a thalassemia screening program conducted by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. Hb analysis was performed using an automated CE system (CAPILLARYS 2 Flex-Piercing System Sebia) and HPLC (VARIANT II, Bio-rad Laboratories). DNA analysis was used multiplex polymerase chain reaction and multiplex amplification refractory mutation system to detect deletion and non-deletion α-thalassemia.
RESULTS: Termination codon CS mutation was confirmed among 376 (99.5%) samples with a peak value in zone 2 of CE. Heterozygous Hb CS was the most common type, detected in 344 samples (91.5%), followed by compound heterozygous Hb CS in 31 samples (8.2%) and one sample (0.3%) of homozygous Hb CS.
CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of Hb CS is most accurately achieved by combining CE and HPLC methods, with confirmation by DNA molecular study, although the latter is more expensive.
METHODS: A total of 50 healthy female volunteers with regular menstrual cycle were selected after prior consent, and among them based on the body mass index, 32 females were categorized into obese group based on the BMI. Menstrual cycle history was monitored for 3 months for confirming regularity. Serum Progesterone and Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were recorded.
RESULTS: Progesterone levels were very highly significant in the luteal phase when compared to early follicular and ovulatory phase. The PEFR value in luteal phase was higher when compared to early follicular and ovulatory phase which was statistically highly significant. Positive correlation between progesterone and PEFR was observed in the luteal phase, but it was not statistically significant. Positive correlation between BMI and PEFR was also observed.
CONCLUSION: The study reveals significant hormonal and respiratory changes throughout the menstrual cycle. Progesterone levels and PEFR are markedly higher in the luteal phase, while BMI positively correlates with PEFR. A significant negative correlation exists between Waist Hip ratio (WHR) in the luteal phase. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms driving the correlations between progesterone, respiratory parameters, BMI, and WHR in more diverse population.
METHODS: Forty-five patients with mild-to-moderate periodontitis were randomly allocated to three groups: 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT), placebo, and 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwashes. Patients were instructed to use the mouthwash after instrumentation for twice a day up to 3 weeks. Periodontal parameters such as probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), O'Leary plaque index (PI), Loe and Silness gingival index (GI), Lobene stain index (SI), and oral soft tissue changes were recorded at baseline and once every week for 3 weeks. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was also recorded as a self-administered questionnaire at the end of the study. The one-way ANOVA was used to compare VAS scores between the groups. The repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc Newman-Keuls tests were used to assess the differences in the periodontal parameters between groups at different time intervals. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the mean SI.
RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in the mean GI of the OCT and CHX groups compared to placebo (p
METHODOLOGY: The secondary data from the Global Tobacco Industry Interference report, consisting of seven major domains of the TII index, viz. policy participation, corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, industry benefits, unnecessary interaction, transparency, conflict of interest, and preventive measures, were retrieved. A composite score was obtained after adding scores of different domains, for each year.
RESULTS: The findings of the study demonstrated an initial improvement in India's implementation of WHO FCTC Article 5.3, as evidenced by a decreasing score between 2019 and 2021. However, this trend halted in 2023, with data showing a slight increase in the score. When compared with other Asian countries, India shows marginal improvement in score than Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, and South Korea. Some of the countries in the region, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Brunei, China, and Vietnam experienced a decline in TII.
DISCUSSION: There has been a rise in CSR activities, forms of unnecessary interactions of TII with policymakers, and participation in policy development; however, improvements are observed in providing benefits to the TI, conflict of interest, and preventive measures. In order to fortify the regulatory framework, it is imperative to create awareness among stakeholders on conflict of interest, denormalize corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives by the TI, provision of a watchdog for TII in the country and "whole of government" approach in implementation of FCTC Article 5.3.
METHODS: The researchers have conducted a form of normative juridical research with the analytical descriptive method, namely by collecting, describing, analysing, and presenting what is ( das sein) and what ought to be ( das sollen).
RESULTS: Support from the government and stakeholders has not been optimal in improving welfare - capital access, management, and halal certification, so the existence of the global halal ecosystem has not yet impacted MSMEs' ability to compete competitively.
CONCLUSIONS: The conclusion of this study shows that the quadruple helix innovation system is capable of guaranteeing the development of MSMEs in a manner to achieves a high level of competitiveness - efficiency, and effectiveness of the products and services produced.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the protocol used in developing and testing a web-based platform (ie, CINTAI) providing an HIVST kit and real-time e-counseling to support online-to-offline linkage to HIV care services for MSM in Malaysia.
METHODS: The methods are reported according to the SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) 2013 guidelines. In phase I, we will adapt existing HIVST web-based platforms to create a new online-to-offline HIVST and counseling platform called "CINTAI" for Malaysian MSM. In phase II, we will use a type 1 hybrid implementation trial design to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of "CINTAI" compared with treatment as usual among Malaysian MSM, with assessments conducted over 6 months. Multilevel implementation factors will also be collected to guide future adoption and scale-up. We will enroll 78 MSM in the pilot randomized controlled trial. Baseline characteristics will be tested for homogeneity between groups using appropriate statistical tests. A generalized linear mixed model with random subject effects will account for within-subject correlation. Treatment assignment, time, interaction, and confounders will be included. The proportion of MSM tested for HIV over 6 months and other outcomes (pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV or antiretroviral therapy linkage, HIV risk behaviors, and chemsex harm reduction) will be compared using linear contrasts.
RESULTS: We completed phase I of the proposed study in April 2024 and started phase II in May 2024, with 15 participants recruited (7 in the CINTAI and 8 in the treatment-as-usual groups). On the basis of a series of formative works completed during phase I, we developed a fully functional, web-based platform that provides a digital platform for MSM in Malaysia to order HIVST kits for free and to receive HIV counseling, followed by offline linkage to HIV prevention services (if HIV negative) or HIV treatment services (if HIV positive).
CONCLUSIONS: Despite being at high risk for HIV transmission, MSM in Malaysia have alarmingly low testing and linkage to HIV care services, prompting the need for innovative approaches to support HIV prevention efforts. If found to be feasible and acceptable, CINTAI can be easily adapted for a range of health outcomes and health care delivery services for MSM, including adaptation to other low- and middle-income countries.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/60962.
METHODS: This current study involved two steps, where forward translation, backward translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and test of a pre-final version of the ROF scale were conducted in the first step. Content validity, face validity, and construct validity of the ROF scale were performed in five stages. This study enlisted the help of eight experts to create the ROF scale in the Kannada language. Moreover, 50 patients participated by responding to a variety of Likert scale and numeric scale questionnaires that surveyed the intention of measuring the ROF scale. The content validity and face validity were assessed by using the index prepared for the content validity and face validity, respectively, along with mean and standard deviation (SD). The correlation between the Kannada version of the ROF measure and a numerical rating scale-facial rating scale (NRS-FRS) was assessed by the Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC). Moreover, a comparison of the mean value of ROF and NRS-FRS was performed by the paired t-test.
RESULTS: The Kannada version of the ROF scale was prepared after getting consensus from all the experts. The fatigue questionnaire met a high level of expert content validity (0.93) and showed that most experts opined high relevance (1.00) for measuring dental fatigue. The fatigue questionnaire meets a high level of response in face validity (0.92) based on the face validity indices. PCC showed a high level of construct validity (r = 0.819) of the ROF scale. No significant difference (P = 0.858) was observed between ROF and NRS-FRS by the paired t-test.
CONCLUSION: The Kannada version of the ROF scale is a valid tool to assess dental fatigue.
METHODS: OSDI validation studies were identified through a PubMed / MEDLINE and Google Scholar search spanning the 27 years since the establishment of the OSDI, using the broad term "Ocular Surface Disease Index-12 questions" and keywords that is "ocular surface disease index-12," "translation and validation," "transcultural validation," "development," "cross-cultural adaptation," and "reliability and validity." We included original studies that validated the translated version of the OSDI in various languages, presenting the key findings with a focus on reliability and repeatability outcomes.
RESULTS: Thirteen full-text articles were thoroughly reviewed, including those identified through targeted keyword searches and the reference lists of these studies. The papers examined the translation of the English version of the OSDI-12 questionnaire into nine languages: Italian, Arabic, Chinese, Chilean Spanish, Japanese, Filipino, Farsi, Bahasa Melayu, and Brazilian Portuguese. Key details regarding the development, translation, and validation phases were summarized. Most of the included studies adhered to standard guidelines throughout the translation process to create a final version of the OSDI questionnaire. This was followed by clinical validation of the final translated version. The majority of the translated versions were assessed for internal consistency, reliability, test-retest repeatability, and discriminant validity.
CONCLUSIONS: The original English version of the OSDI was translated into validated versions to achieve a final version in nine different languages. The majority of the translated versions demonstrated high reproducibility and reliability. The different language versions of the questionnaire removed language barriers in informing the eye-care community, evaluating DES, and assisting physicians in advising and managing their patients more suitably. Therefore, the validated versions of OSDI can be used as tools for clinical practice and DES research. Validating the OSDI questionnaire in various languages is essential to eliminate the language barrier in the assessment of dry eye disease.