Affiliations 

  • 1 Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba, 77110, Jordan
  • 2 Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
  • 3 Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (Kampus Gong Badak), 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
  • 4 Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Business, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
  • 5 School of Quantitative Sciences, Institute of Strategic Industrial Decision Modelling, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, 06010, Kedah, Malaysia
  • 6 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Gombe State University (GSU), Gombe, Nigeria
  • 7 Mathematics and Computing Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phetchabun Rajabhat University, Phetchabun, 67000, Thailand. nuttapol.pak@pcru.ac.th
  • 8 Research Group in Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
Sci Rep, 2023 Feb 23;13(1):3176.
PMID: 36823230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29707-5

Abstract

In this numerical investigation, completely developed laminar convective heat transfer characteristics of a Williamson hybrid ferronanofluid over a cylindrical surface are reported. This new model in 2D is engaged to examine the effects of the magnetic field, thermal radiation factor, volume fraction of ultrafine particles, and Weissenberg number with the help of the Keller box method. The numerical calculations are implemented at a magnetic parameter range of 0.4 to 0.8, volume fraction range of 0.0 to 0.1, and a Weissenberg number range of 0.1 to 0.8. The numerical outcomes concluded that the velocity increases when the thermal radiation parameter and the volume fraction of a nanoparticle are increased, but inverse impacts are obtained for the magnetic parameter and the Weissenberg number. The rate of energy transport increases with increasing thermal radiation and volume fraction, while it declines with increasing the magnetic parameter and Weissenberg number. The drag force shows a positive relationship with the thermal radiation parameter and has an opposite relationship with the Weissenberg number and the magnetic parameter. Furthermore, even when the magnetic field, thermal radiation, volume fraction, and Weissenberg number are all present, the heat transfer rate of Williamson hybrid ferronanofluid is greater than that of mono Williamson ferronanofluid.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.