Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Mathematics, Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan. wasiktk@hotmail.com
  • 2 Department of Mathematics, Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, 641048, India
  • 3 Department of Mathematics, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641407, India
  • 4 IEEE: 94086547, 59200, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 5 Department of Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Aldawaser, 11991, Saudi Arabia
  • 6 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, Al-Kharga, 72511, Al-Wadi Al-Gadid, Egypt
  • 7 Department of Physics, College of Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 344, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia
  • 8 Department of Basic Sciences, Common First Year, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
  • 9 Laboratory of Nano-Smart Materials for Science and Technology (LNSMST), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
Sci Rep, 2021 Dec 15;11(1):24032.
PMID: 34912014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03392-8

Abstract

A novel hybrid nanofluid was explored in order to find an efficient heat-transmitting fluid to replace standard fluids and revolutionary nanofluids. By using tangent hyperbolic hybrid combination nanoliquid with non-Newtonian ethylene glycol (EG) as a basis fluid and a copper (Cu) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) mixture, this work aims to investigate the viscoelastic elements of the thermal transferring process. Flow and thermal facts, such as a slippery extended surface with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), suction/injection, form factor, Joule heating, and thermal radiation effects, including changing thermal conductivity, were also integrated. The Keller-Box method was used to perform collective numerical computations of parametric analysis using governing equivalences. In the form of graphs and tables, the results of TiO2-Cu/EG hybrid nanofluid were compared to those of standard Cu/EG nanofluid in important critical physical circumstances. The entropy generation study was used to examine energy balance and usefulness for important physically impacting parameters. Detailed scrutiny on entropy development get assisted with Weissenberg number, magnetic parameter, fractional volumes, injection parameter, thermal radiation, variable thermal conductivity, Biot number, shape variation parameter, Reynolds and Brinkman number. Whereas the entropy gets resisted for slip and suction parameter. In this case, spotted entropy buildup with important parametric ranges could aid future optimization.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.