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Galerkin finite element study for mixed convection (TiO2-SiO2/water) hybrid-nanofluidic flow in a triangular aperture heated beneath

Redouane F 1 , Jamshed W 2 , Suriya Uma Devi S 3 , Prakash M 4 , Nisar KS 5 , Nasir NAAM 6 Show all authors , Khashan MM 7 , Yahia IS 8 , Eid MR 9

Affiliations 

  • 1 LGIDD, Ahmed ZABANA University, 48000, Relizane, Algeria
  • 2 Department of Mathematics, Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan. wasiktk@hotmail.com
  • 3 Department of Mathematics, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641407, India
  • 4 Department of Mathematics, Dr. N.G.P Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, 641407, India
  • 5 Department of Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Aldawaser, 11991, Saudi Arabia
  • 6 Department of Mathematics, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 7 Department of Basic Sciences, Common First Year, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
  • 8 Advanced Functional Materials and Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
  • 9 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, Al-Kharga, Al-Wadi Al-Gadid, 72511, Egypt
Sci Rep, 2021 Nov 25;11(1):22905.
PMID: 34824297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02216-z

Abstract

Fluidity and thermal transport across the triangular aperture with lower lateral inlet and apply placed at the vertical outlet of the chamber which filled with efficient TiO2-SiO2/water hybrid nanofluid under the parametrical influence. Several parameters are tested like the numbers of Hartmann ([Formula: see text]), Richardson ([Formula: see text]), and Reynolds ([Formula: see text]) were critiqued through streamlines, isotherms, and Nusselt number ([Formula: see text]). Numerical model has to be developed and solved through the Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) by discretized with 13,569 triangular elements optimized through grid-independent analysis. The Hartmann number ([Formula: see text]), exerts minimal impact over the flow and thermal aspects while the other parameters significantly manipulate the physical nature of the flowing and thermal aspects behaviors.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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