Affiliations 

  • 1 Advanced Biomaterials and Carbon Development Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
  • 3 School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 4 Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
  • 5 Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Int J Phytoremediation, 2024;26(4):459-471.
PMID: 37583281 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2246596

Abstract

This work aims to apply the use of food-grade algae (FGA) composited with chitosan-benzaldehyde Schiff base biopolymer (CHA-BD) as a new adsorbent (CHA-BA/FGA) for methyl violet 2B (MV 2B) dye removal from aqueous solutions. The effect of three processing variables, including CHA-BA/FGA dosage (0.02-0.1 g/100 mL), pH solution (4-10), and contact duration (10-120 min) on the removal of MV 2B was investigated using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) model. Kinetic and equilibrium dye adsorption profiles reveal that the uptake of MV 2B dye by CHA-BA/FGA is described by the pseudo-second kinetics and the Langmuir models. The thermodynamics of the adsorption process (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) reveal spontaneous and favorable adsorption parameters of MV 2B dye onto the CHA-BA/FGA biocomposite at ambient conditions. The CHA-BA/FGA exhibited the maximum ability to absorb MV 2B of 126.51 mg/g (operating conditions: CHA-BA/FGA dose = 0.09 g/100 mL, solution pH = 8.68, and temperature = 25 °C). Various interactions, including H-bonding, electrostatic forces, π-π stacking, and n-π stacking provide an account of the hypothesized mechanism of MV 2B adsorption onto the surface of CHA-BA/FGA. This research reveals that CHA-BA/FGA with its unique biocomposite structure and favorable adsorption properties can be used to remove harmful cationic dyes from wastewater.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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