Affiliations 

  • 1 Faculty of Applied Social Science, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia
  • 2 Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 3 Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
  • 4 Earth Observation Center, Institute of Climate Change, National University of Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 5 Department of Mathematics, Defense Base Center, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 6 Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Medical Science Technology Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 7 Graduate Program on Environmental Studies, Postgraduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Dipati Ukur No. 35, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
Heliyon, 2023 Nov;9(11):e21573.
PMID: 38058642 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21573

Abstract

The climate, geomorphological changes, and hydrological elements that have occurred have all influenced future flood episodes by increasing the likelihood and intensity of extreme weather occurrences like extreme precipitation events. River bank erosion is a natural geomorphic process that occurs in all channels. As modifications of sizes and channel shapes are made to transport the discharge, sediment abounds from the stream catchment, and floods are triggered dramatically. The aim of this study is to analyze the flood-sensitive regions along the Pahang River Basin and determine how climate and river changes would have an impact on flooding based on hydrometeorological data and information on river characteristics. The study is divided into three stages, namely the upstream, middle stream, and downstream of the Pahang River. The main primary hydrometeorological data and river characteristics, such as Sinuosity Index, Dominant Slope Range and Entrenchment Ratio collected as important inputs in the statistical analysis process. The statistical analyses, namely HACA, PCA, and Linear Regression applied in river classification. The result showed that the middle stream and downstream areas demonstrated the worst flooding affected by anthropogenic and hydrological factors. Rainfall distribution is one of the factors that contributed to the flood disaster. There are strong correlations between the Sinuosity Index (SI) and water level, which indicates that changes occurred at both planform and stream classification. The best management practices towards sustainability are based on the application of the outcomes that have been obtained after the analysis of Pahang River planform changes, Pahang River geometry, and the local rainfall pattern in the Pahang River Basin.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.