Affiliations 

  • 1 School of Computer and Information, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, Guizhou, 558000, China; School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, China; Institute for Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (IBDAAI), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah, Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: haitao@bjwlxy.edu.cn
  • 2 Facuty of Engineering, Al-Farahidi University, Iraq. Electronic address: akeel.alhilali@alfarahidiuc.edu.iq
  • 3 Engineering Department, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq. Electronic address: ali.majeed@esraa.edu.iq
  • 4 College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, 56001, Iraq. Electronic address: za.alaady@alameed.edu.iq
  • 5 Building and Construction Engineering Technology Department, AL-Mustaqbal University, College, Hillah, 51001, Iraq. Electronic address: mayadahwaheed@mustaqbal-college.edu.iq
  • 6 College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq. Electronic address: Salwan.abed@qu.edu.iq
  • 7 School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, 4300, Australia. Electronic address: ravinesh.deo@usq.edu.au
  • 8 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: ahjm72@gmail.com
  • 9 Earth Observation Centre, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: knam@ukm.edu.my
  • 10 Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: talib@ukm.edu.my
  • 11 Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: z.yaseen@kfupm.edu.sa
Chemosphere, 2023 Mar;317:137914.
PMID: 36682637 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137914

Abstract

Heavy metals (HMs) are a vital elements for investigating the pollutant level of sediments and water bodies. The Murray-Darling river basin area located in Australia is experiencing severe damage to increased crop productivity, loss of soil fertility, and pollution levels within the vicinity of the river system. This basin is the most effective primary production area in Australia where agricultural productivity is increased the gross domastic product in the entire mainland. In this study, HMs contaminations are examined for eight study sites selected for the Murray-Darling river basin where the inverse Distance Weighting interpolation method is used to identify the distribution of HMs. To pursue this, four different pollution indices namely the Geo-accumulation index (Igeo), Contamination factor (CF), Pollution load index (PLI), single-factor pollution index (SPLI), and the heavy metal pollution index (HPI) are computed. Following this, the Pearson correlation matrix is used to identify the relationships among the two HM parameters. The results indicate that the conductivity and N (%) are relatively high in respect to using Igeo and PLI indexes for study sites 4, 6, and 7 with 2.93, 3.20, and 1.38, respectively. The average HPI is 216.9071 that also indicates higher level pollution in the Murray-Darling river basin and the highest HPI value is noted in sample site 1 (353.5817). The study also shows that the levels of Co, P, Conductivity, Al, and Mn are mostly affected by HMs and that these indices indicate the maximum HM pollution level in the Murray-Darling river basin. Finally, the results show that the high HM contamination level appears to influence human health and local environmental conditions.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.