BMD is a popular method used to diagnose osteoporosis. It is a screening test, which is not without its limitations. The decision to subject a patient to a DEXA scan is based upon a set of criteria while the decision to treat osteoporosis is based on a careful study of the patient’s BMD. The risk factor for a new osteoporotic fracture is a previous fragility fracture. It is important to note that falls need to be prevented in the first place. Untreated fractures can lead to significant immobility in the elderly which predispose them to the need for long-term care. Bisphosphonates such as alendronate and risedronate have shown good efficacy in reducing vertebral and non-vertebral fracture risk. Other drugs such as teriparatide (daily injections of synthetic parathyroid hormone) have also been similarly effective.[extracted from the text]