Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • 2 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. salmiati@utm.my
  • 3 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia. hadibarata@curtin.edu.my
  • 4 Faculty of Civil Engineering, Construction Research Centre (CRC), Institute for Smart Infrastructure and Innovative Construction (ISIIC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • 5 Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
Bioprocess Biosyst Eng, 2017 Sep;40(9):1349-1361.
PMID: 28597212 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1793-z

Abstract

Green procedure for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is currently considered due to its economy and toxic-free effects. Several existing works on synthesizing AgNPs using leaves extract still involve the use of physical or mechanical treatment such as heating or stirring, which consume a lot of energy. To extend and explore the green extraction philosophy, we report here the synthesis and antibacterial evaluations of a purely green procedure to synthesize AgNPs using Carica papaya, Manihot esculenta, and Morinda citrifolia leaves extract without the aforementioned additional treatment. The produced AgNPs were characterized using the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and antibacterial investigations. For antibacterial tests, two bacteria namely Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus were selected. The presently employed method has successfully produced spherical AgNPs having sizes ranging from 9 to 69 nm, with plasmonic characteristics ranging from 356 to 485 nm, and energy-dispersive X-ray peak at approximately 3 keV. In addition, the smallest particles can be produced when Manihot esculenta leaves extract was applied. Moreover, this study also confirmed that both the leaves and synthesized AgNPs exhibit the antibacterial capability, depending on their concentration and the bacteria type.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.