The chemical composition and anatomical characteristics on lignin distribution of rattan waste were analyzed to determine its suitability to be used in binderless board fabrication. The chemical composition was analyzed by using TAPPI methods. Observation and determination of lignin distribution and board structure were executed by using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). High amount of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin content found in rattan waste chemical composition is seen to help in binderless board fabrication. The micrographs revealed that the rattan has fine structural construction that helps in producing good qualities of binderless boards with particular manufacturing parameters.