Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus: A review on current treatment approach and gene therapy as potential intervention

Tan SY 1 , Mei Wong JL 2 , Sim YJ 3 , Wong SS 4 , Mohamed Elhassan SA 5 , Tan SH 6 Show all authors , Ling Lim GP 7 , Rong Tay NW 8 , Annan NC 9 , Bhattamisra SK 10 , Candasamy M 11

Affiliations 

  • 1 School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: sin.yee.tan0215@gmail.com
  • 2 School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: joy_lm914@hotmail.com
  • 3 School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: sim411jinn@gmail.com
  • 4 School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: bensusie9394@gmail.com
  • 5 School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: safaabdo44@hotmail.com
  • 6 School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: Tan.SeanHong@student.imu.edu.my
  • 7 School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: gracielim95@gmail.com
  • 8 School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: nicoletwr@gmail.com
  • 9 School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: naveenya_vee@yahoo.com
  • 10 Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: subratkumar@imu.edu.my
  • 11 Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: mayurencandasamy@imu.edu.my
Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2018 10 10;13(1):364-372.
PMID: 30641727 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.10.008

Abstract

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious and lifelong condition commonly characterised by abnormally elevated blood glucose levels due to a failure in insulin production or a decrease in insulin sensitivity and function. Over the years, prevalence of diabetes has increased globally and it is classified as one of the leading cause of high mortality and morbidity rate. Furthermore, diabetes confers a huge economic burden due to its management costs as well as its complications are skyrocketing. The conventional medications in diabetes treatment focusing on insulin secretion and insulin sensitisation cause unwanted side effects to patients and lead to incompliance as well as treatment failure. Besides insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents, other treatments such as gene therapy and induced β-cells regeneration have not been widely introduced to manage diabetes. Therefore, this review aims to deliver an overview of the current conventional medications in diabetes, discovery of newer pharmacological drugs and gene therapy as a potential intervention of diabetes in the future.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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