Application of nonlinear methods to discriminate fractionated electrograms in paroxysmal versus persistent atrial fibrillation

Acharya UR 1 , Faust O 2 , Ciaccio EJ 3 , Koh JEW 4 , Oh SL 4 , Tan RS 5 Show all authors , Garan H 3

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, SIM University, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 2 Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK. Electronic address: oliver.faust@gmail.com
  • 3 Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, USA
  • 4 Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
  • 5 National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 2019 Jul;175:163-178.
PMID: 31104705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.04.018

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE) may contain information concerning the electrophysiological substrate of atrial fibrillation (AF); therefore they are of interest to guide catheter ablation treatment of AF. Electrogram signals are shaped by activation events, which are dynamical in nature. This makes it difficult to establish those signal properties that can provide insight into the ablation site location. Nonlinear measures may improve information. To test this hypothesis, we used nonlinear measures to analyze CFAE.

METHODS: CFAE from several atrial sites, recorded for a duration of 16 s, were acquired from 10 patients with persistent and 9 patients with paroxysmal AF. These signals were appraised using non-overlapping windows of 1-, 2- and 4-s durations. The resulting data sets were analyzed with Recurrence Plots (RP) and Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA). The data was also quantified via entropy measures.

RESULTS: RQA exhibited unique plots for persistent versus paroxysmal AF. Similar patterns were observed to be repeated throughout the RPs. Trends were consistent for signal segments of 1 and 2 s as well as 4 s in duration. This was suggestive that the underlying signal generation process is also repetitive, and that repetitiveness can be detected even in 1-s sequences. The results also showed that most entropy metrics exhibited higher measurement values (closer to equilibrium) for persistent AF data. It was also found that Determinism (DET), Trapping Time (TT), and Modified Multiscale Entropy (MMSE), extracted from signals that were acquired from locations at the posterior atrial free wall, are highly discriminative of persistent versus paroxysmal AF data.

CONCLUSIONS: Short data sequences are sufficient to provide information to discern persistent versus paroxysmal AF data with a significant difference, and can be useful to detect repeating patterns of atrial activation.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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