Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia. Electronic address: clyiin@unimas.my
  • 2 Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia. Electronic address: kokliang1@live.com.my
  • 3 Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia. Electronic address: andrianku@live.com
  • 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Sarawak Campus, Curtin University Malaysia, Miri 98009, Sarawak, Malaysia. Electronic address: bridgidchin@curtin.edu.my
  • 5 CO(2) Research Center (CO2RES), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Malaysia. Electronic address: sowmun.lock@utp.edu.my
  • 6 Energy and Environment Institute, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom. Electronic address: K.Cheah@hull.ac.uk
  • 7 Chemical Engineering Department, Monash University, 3180, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: adrianminh@gmail.com
  • 8 PETRONAS Research Sdn. Bhd. (PRSB), Lot 3288 & 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: chan.yiherng@petronas.com.my
Bioresour Technol, 2021 Aug;333:125195.
PMID: 33932810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125195

Abstract

Biomass wastes exhibit a great potential to be used as a source of non-depleting renewable energy and synthesis of value-added products. The key to the valorization of excess lignocellulosic biomass wastes in the world lies on the pretreatment process to recalcitrant barrier of the lignocellulosic material for the access to useful substrates. A wide range of pretreatment techniques are available and advances in this field is continuously happening, in search for cheap, effective, and environmentally friendly methods. This review starts with an introduction to conventional approaches and green solvents for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Subsequently, the mechanism of actions along with the advantages and disadvantages of pretreatment techniques were reviewed. The roles of choline chloride (ChCl) in green solvents and their potential applications were also comprehensively reviewed. The collection of ideas in this review serve as an insight for future works or interest on biomass-to-energy conversion using green solvents.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.