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Fulltext Highly thermostable extracellular lipase-producing Bacillus strain isolated from a Malaysian hotspring and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing

Akanbi, T.O., Kamaruzaman, A.L., Abu Bakar, F., Sheikh Abdul Hamid, N., Radu, S., Abdul Manap, M.Y., et al.

International Food Research Journal, 2010;17(1):45-53.
MyJurnal

The activities of lipase produced by five lipases-producing thermophilic bacteria strains (SY1, SY5, SY6, SY7 and SY9) isolated from Selayang Hot Spring in the western part of Peninsular Malaysia were analyzed and compared. SY7 and SY9 had considerably higher lipolytic activities than those of SY1, SY5 and SY6. Thermostabilities of lipase produced by all strains were determined after heating at 80°C for 30 minutes. Strain SY7 retained the highest lipolytic activity of 77%, while others had infinitesimally low thermostability (retaining less than 34% of their original activity) at the same temperature and time. SY7 was chosen for further characterization because it showed exceptionally high lipase activity and thermostability. It was identified as belonging to Bacillus species by the conventional Gram-staining technique, Biochemical tests and Biolog Microstation system. By using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, strain SY7 generated the same expected PCR product with molecular weight of 1500 base pair. It displayed 98% sequence similarity to Bacillus cereus strain J-1 16S rRNA gene partial sequence with accession number: AY305275 and has been deposited in the database of Genbank.
Validation of ELISA test kits for detection of beta-agonist residues in meat

Ponniah J, Muhammad K, Abdullah S, Ganapathy KK, bt Sheikh Abdul Hamid N

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2004 Jun;35(2):481-7.
PMID: 15691160

Three ELISA test kits, the Randox ELISA beta-agonist test kit, Euro-Diagnostica test kit, and Ridascreen beta-agonist test kit, were evaluated for screening of meat and liver for beta-agonist residues in fortified and field-incurred samples. It was found that the Randox beta-agonist test kit was more suitable as a screening tool due to its accuracy, ease of use, and lower cost. The tests were able to detect beta-agonist residues at the minimum level of detection, as claimed by the suppliers. The performance of the method as assessed through recovery rates of beta-agonists in fortified samples was satisfactory with a low coefficient of variation (1-3%). Repeatability, as measured through the coefficient of correlation was also satisfactory. For field-incurred positive samples, the test kit showed a sensitivity of 100% and a low rate of false positives for goat and cow tissues. However, a high rate of apparent false positives was obtained for tissues of swine.
Fulltext NUB1 and FAT10 Proteins as Potential Novel Biomarkers in Cancer: A Translational Perspective

Arshad M, Abdul Hamid N, Chan MC, Ismail F, Tan GC, Pezzella F, et al.

Cells, 2021 08 24;10(9).
PMID: 34571823 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092176

Cancer increases the global disease burden substantially, but it remains a challenge to manage it. The search for novel biomarkers is essential for risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of treatment response, and cancer monitoring. This paper examined NEDD8 ultimate buster-1 (NUB1) and F-adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10) proteins as novel biomarkers in cancer. This literature review is based on the search of the electronic database, PubMed. NUB1 is an interferon-inducible protein that mediates apoptotic and anti-proliferative actions in cancer, while FAT10 is a ubiquitin-like modifier that promotes cancer. The upregulated expression of both NUB1 and FAT10 has been observed in various cancers. NUB1 protein binds to FAT10 non-covalently to promote FAT10 degradation. An overexpressed FAT10 stimulates nuclear factor-kappa β, activates the inflammatory pathways, and induces the proliferation of cancer. The FAT10 protein interacts with the mitotic arrest deficient 2 protein, causing chromosomal instability and breast tumourigenesis. FAT10 binds to the proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein and inhibits the DNA damage repair response. In addition, FAT10 involves epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, apoptosis, and multiplication in hepatocellular carcinoma. Our knowledge about them is still limited. There is a need to further develop NUB1 and FAT10 as novel biomarkers.
Fulltext The effect of prime emulsion components as a function of equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds

Cheong KW, Tan CP, Mirhosseini H, Joanne-Kam WY, Sheikh Abdul Hamid N, Osman A, et al.

Chem Cent J, 2014;8:23.
PMID: 24708894 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-8-23

BACKGROUND: Perceptions of food products start when flavor compounds are released from foods, transported and appropriate senses in the oral and nose are triggered. However, the long-term stability of flavor compounds in food product has been a major concern in the food industry due to the complex interactions between key food ingredients (e.g., polysaccharides and proteins). Hence, this study was conducted to formulate emulsion-based beverage using natural food emulsifiers and to understand the interactions between emulsion compositions and flavor compounds.
RESULTS: The influences of modified starch (x 1 ), whey protein isolate (x 2 ), soursop flavor oil (x 3 ) and deionized water (x 4 ) on the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop volatile flavor compounds were evaluated using a four-component with constrained extreme vertices mixture design. The results indicated that the equilibrium headspace concentration of soursop flavor compounds were significantly (p
Fulltext Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii in Ruminant Meats from Wet Markets in Klang Valley and Abattoirs in Selangor, Malaysia

Abdul Hamid N, Sadiq MB, Ramanoon SZ, Mansor R, Watanabe M, Md Isa NM, et al.

Animals (Basel), 2020 Jul 06;10(7).
PMID: 32640507 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071139

(1) Background: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii in meats of cattle, goat and sheep from wet markets in Klang Valley, and abattoirs in Selangor, Malaysia; (2) Methods: A total of 192 meat samples were purchased from 51 wet markets in six districts in Klang Valley (Gombak, Klang, Kuala Lumpur, Hulu Langat, Petaling and Putrajaya). Meanwhile, a total of 200 diaphragm samples were collected from two government abattoirs located in Shah Alam and Banting, Selangor. All meat juices from samples were subjected to an indirect-ELISA kit for the presence of T. gondii IgG antibodies. Furthermore, all 184 meat samples of goat and sheep were subjected to conventional nested PCR (B1 genes) for the detection of T. gondii DNA; (3) Results: T. gondii antibodies were detected in 25% (n = 98/392) of the samples with seroprevalence of 9.1% (19/208, CI: 5.9%-13.8%) in cattle meat; 54.7% (41/75, 95% CI: 43.5%-65.4%) in goat meat and 34.9% (38/109, CI: 26.6%-44.2%) in sheep meat. No T. gondii DNA was detected in any of the meat samples of goat and sheep. T. gondii seropositivity in wet market samples was higher in goat (OR = 37.1 CI 12.4-110.3) and sheep meat (OR 9.03 CI: 3.28-24.8) compared to cattle meat (OR = 1.0) At univariate level, meat from non-licensed abattoirs (OR = 6.0 CI: 2.9-12.3) and female animals (OR = 6.7; CI 1.9-22.6) had higher risks of being seropositive for T. gondii antibodies than licensed abattoirs and male animals, respectively. (4) Conclusions: This is the first report of seroprevalence of T. gondii in ruminant meats for human consumption in Malaysia. The findings signified high exposure of meat samples from wet markets to T. gondii and the need for control measures to reduce the likelihood of infection when such raw or undercooked meats are consumed.
Placenta microRNA profile of patient with Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Mohamad MA, Ahmad Asnawi AW, Suhiman MS, Sathar J, Hayati AR, Abdul Rahim NS, et al.

Malays J Pathol, 2023 Dec;45(3):425-440.
PMID: 38155384

The onset of obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) occurs when antiphospholipid antibodies act upon the placenta. During pregnancy, APS exhibits traits such as vascular thrombosis, inflammation, and hindered trophoblast implantation. The involvement of microRNA expression has been proposed as a genetic factor contributing to the syndrome's development. MicroRNAs play a role in regulating gene expression in various cellular processes, including the formation of placental tissue. Therefore, additional research is needed to explore the control of placental miRNA in APS. In this study, we aimed to profile miRNA expressions from placenta tissue of patients with APS. Differentially expressed miRNAs were determined for its targeted genes and pathways. Agilent microarray platform was used to measure placental microRNA expressions between normal placental tissue and those obtained from patients with APS. Differentially expressed miRNAs were detected using GeneSpring GX software 14.2 and sequences were mapped using TargetScan software to generate the predicted target genes. Pathway analysis for the genes was then performed on PANTHER and REACTOME software. Selected miRNAs and their associated genes of interest were validated using qPCR. Microarray findings revealed, 9 downregulated and 21 upregulated miRNAs expressed in placenta of patients with APS. Quantitative expressions of 3 selected miRNAs were in agreement with the microarray findings, however only miR-525-5p expression was statistically significant. Pathway analysis revealed that the targeted genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in several hypothesised signalling pathways such as the vascular endothelial (VE) growth factor (VEGF) and inflammatory pathways. VE-cadherin, ras homolog member A (RHOA) and tyrosine kinase receptor (KIT) showed significant downregulation while Retinoblastoma gene (RET), Dual specificity protein phosphatase 10 (DUSP10) and B-lymphocyte kinase (BLK) genes were significantly upregulated. These preliminary findings suggest the involvement of miRNAs and identified novel associated genes involvement in the mechanism of obstetric APS, particularly through the alteration of vascular-associated regulators and the inflammatory signalling cascade.
Fulltext Microarray Profiling of Differentially Expressed Genes in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts of High-Risk Patients with Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunctions

Yazit NAA, Juliana N, Kadiman S, Hafidz KM, Mohd Fahmi Teng NI, Abdul Hamid N, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2023 Jan 13;20(2).
PMID: 36674212 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021457

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is cognitive decline after surgery. The authors hypothesized that gene-level changes could be involved in the pathogenesis of POCD. The present study evaluated the incidence of POCD and its associated differentially expressed genes. This was a prospective cohort study conducted on high-risk coronary artery bypass graft patients aged 40 to 75 years. POCD classification was based on a one standard deviation decline in the postoperative scores compared to the preoperative scores. The differentially expressed genes were identified using microarray analysis and validated using quantitative RT-PCR. Forty-six patients were recruited and completed the study. The incidence of POCD was identified using a set of neurocognitive assessments and found to be at 17% in these high-risk CABG patients. Six samples were selected for the gene expression analyses (3 non-POCD and 3 POCD samples). The findings showed five differentially expressed genes in the POCD group compared to the non-POCD group. The upregulated gene was ERFE, whereas the downregulated genes were KIR2DS2, KIR2DS3, KIR3DL2, and LIM2. According to the results, the gene expression profiles of POCD can be used to find potential proteins for POCD diagnostic and predictive biomarkers. Understanding the molecular mechanism of POCD development will further lead to early detection and intervention to reduce the severity of POCD, and hence, reduce the mortality and morbidity rate due to the condition.
Serum pepsinogen and gastrin-17 as potential biomarkers for pre-malignant lesions in the gastric corpus

Loong TH, Soon NC, Nik Mahmud NRK, Naidu J, Rani RA, Abdul Hamid N, et al.

Biomed Rep, 2017 Nov;7(5):460-468.
PMID: 29181158 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.985

There is a lack of non-invasive screening modalities to diagnose chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM). Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of serum pepsinogen I (PGI), PGI:II, the PGI:II ratio and gastrin-17 (G-17) in diagnosing CAG and IM, and the correlations between these serum biomarkers and pre-malignant gastric lesions. A cross-sectional study of 72 patients (82% of the calculated sample size) who underwent oesophageal-gastro-duodenoscopy for dyspepsia was performed in the present study. The mean age of the participants was 56.2±16.2 years. Serum PGI:I, PGI:II, G-17 and Helicobacter pylori antibody levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Median levels of PGI:I, PGI:II, the PGI:II ratio and G-17 for were 129.9 µg/l, 10.3 µg/l, 14.7 and 4.4 pmol/l, respectively. Subjects with corpus CAG/IM exhibited a significantly lower PGI:II ratio (7.2) compared with the control group (15.7; P<0.001). Histological CAG and IM correlated well with the serum PGI:II ratio (r=-0.417; P<0.001). The cut-off value of the PGI:II ratio of ≤10.0 demonstrated high sensitivity (83.3%), specificity (77.9%) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.902 in detecting the two conditions. However, the sensitivity was particularly low at a ratio of ≤3.0. The serum PGI:II ratio is a sensitive and specific marker to diagnose corpus CAG/IM, but at a high cut-off value. This ratio may potentially be used as an outpatient, non-invasive biomarker for detecting corpus CAG/IM.
Fulltext Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex antibodies in free-ranged wild boar and wild macaques in selected districts in Selangor and reevaluation of tuberculosis serodetection in captive Asian elephants in Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia

Lekko YM, Che-Amat A, Ooi PT, Omar S, Mohd-Hamdan DT, Linazah LS, et al.

J Vet Med Sci, 2021 Oct 31;83(11):1702-1707.
PMID: 34544936 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0144

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic inflammatory and zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) members, affecting several domestic animals, wildlife species and humans. The preliminary investigation was aimed to detect antibody against MTBC among indigenous wildlife which are free-ranged wild boar, free-ranged wild macaques and captive Asian elephants in selected areas of Selangor and elephant conservation centre in Pahang, respectively. The results indicate that MTBC serodetection rate in wild boar was 16.7% (7.3-33.5 at 95% confidence interval (CI)) using an in-house ELISA bPPD IgG and 10% (3.5-25.6 at 95% CI) by DPP®VetTB assay, while the wild macaques and Asian elephant were seronegative. The univariate analysis indicates no statistically significant difference in risk factors for sex and age of wild boar but there was a significant positive correlation (P<0.05) between bovine TB in dairy cattle and wild boar seropositivity in the Sepang district.