MyMedR

Patient education and preventive care in Malaysian dental practice

Abdul Razak I, Lind OP

J Clin Pediatr Dent, 1994;18(4):313-22.

A questionnaire survey was conducted to examine the attitudes of Malaysian dentists toward patient education and preventive dentistry and the level of preventive care adopted in Malaysian dental practice. An adjusted response rate of 73.1% was obtained. Generally the Malaysian dentists had positive attitudes towards patient education and preventive dentistry including fluoridation. However, a sizable proportion of them considered that preventive measures were no challenge for the dentist. The common preventive measures given to patients were scaling, dental health education, prophylaxis and instruction in correct brushing and flossing in as much as 40 to 50 percent of the queried dentist claimed that these preventive items were provided to most or all of their new patients. In spite of the fact that the majority of the dentists had good knowledge about the application and effects of sealants only about 41 percent of the dentists claimed to have used sealants. More dentists in the private sector reportedly having done so. Also many Malaysian dentists (18.5%) did not use leaded protection for any of their new patients when taking radiographs.

The causes of tooth mortality of permanent teeth in a Malaysian population

Abdul Razak I, Jaafar N, Mat Nor G

J Ir Dent Assoc, 1989;35(1):39-41.

PMID: 2634714

The reasons underlying the need for extraction of 2765 permanent teeth carried out over a 6 month period in the Out-patient Clinic in the Dental Faculty, University of Malaya, was investigated. The present study showed that dental caries (67.4%) is the leading cause for extraction followed by periodontal disease (19.6%). Caries accounted for the highest proportion of extractions up to the age of 50 whereas periodontal disease becomes the major factor beyond this age. The highest frequency of extractions carried out was between the ages of 21-30.

Enamel defects in 11-12 year-old subjects in a fluoridated area

Abdul Razak I, Nik Hussein NN

Dent J Malays, 1986 May;9(1):23-8.

PMID: 3270565

Enamel defects were studied in a group of 11-12 year-old children in a fluoridated area using the DDE index. The mouth prevalence of this condition was 72.5 per cent with a tooth prevalence of 40.4 per cent. Enamel opacities accounted for 96.5 per cent of the total condition of which the diffuse patchy type predominates. The defects on the affected posterior teeth occurred most commonly on both the buccal and lingual/palatal surfaces, with most defects being located in the incisal one-half, gingival one-half and occlusal simultaneously. In the affected incisors, the highest proportion of defects affected the buccal surface only, with the most frequent location being the incisal one-half and gingival one-half simultaneously. In 20.9 per cent of the affected subjects, there was a 100 per cent tooth involvement.

A 5-year longitudinal study of caries development in first permanent molars in children

Abdul Razak I, Esa R

Dent J Malays, 1988 Nov;10(2):41-4.

PMID: 3271127

The present study analysed the development of caries in 653 first permanent molars annually over a period of 5 years in children who were 7 years-old at baseline. The cumulative caries experience increased from 6.0% at baseline to 35.2% at the end of the study period. There were no appreciable differences in the annual incremental rate of caries experience among males and females. At baseline, the Malays and Indians have the highest and lowest caries experience respectively. At 12 years of age, the Chinese have the highest caries experience whilst the data for the Malays and Indians were comparable. The highest cumulative percentage increase in caries experience for the Malays, Chinese and Indians were between the ages of 7 to 8, 9 to 10 and 8 to 9 respectively while the average annual caries increment were 4.5%, 7.3% and 5.0% respectively.

Toothbrushing effectiveness of a group of six-year-old uninstructed schoolchildren

Abdul Razak I

Dent J Malays, 1985 Apr;8(2):27-30.

PMID: 3917002

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of toothbrushing in 124 six year-old uninstructed schoolchildren. The toothbrushing conditions were made to closely simulate the toothbrushing procedure carried out at home. The amount of plaque before and after toothbrushing was assessed using the Modified Personal Hygiene Performance Index. An overall reduction of 54.0 per cent in plaque score was observed following toothbrushing. This reduction was much more favourable than other reported studies using subjects of similar age group. However most of the plaque that remained following brushing were accumulated in the gingival areas. The highest prebrushing score and the least effective toothbrushing ability was observed among the Malay schoolchildren. The pre and postbrushing scores among the Chinese and Indians were comparable. There was no statistically significant difference in toothbrushing ability between boys and girls at this age. The children brushed their anterior teeth better than their posterior and the facial surfaces better than the lingual. The greatest percentage reduction in plaque score was observed in the occlusal/incisal areas with the gingival areas being the least accessible. The conclusions of this study points to the lack of manual dexterity of children of this age group to effectively brush their teeth and the need for proper parental supervision in assisting them to carry out the toothbrushing procedure.

Problems encountered in evaluating the community dental service

Abdul Razak I

Odontostomatol Trop, 1985 Mar;8(1):29-33.

PMID: 3859852

Caries experience and increment in a cohort of Malaysian schoolchildren of different racial origin

Abdul Razak I

Odontostomatol Trop, 1984 Sep;7(3):129-32.

PMID: 6597927

Utilization, knowledge and attitudes concerning sealants among Malaysian dentists: a national survey

Abdul Razak IA, Esa R, Jalallundin RL, Jaafar N

J Pedod, 1990;14(4):242-5.

PMID: 2098079

The aim of this postal survey was to assess the utilization, knowledge and attitude concerning sealants among Malaysian dentists. A pretested questionnaire was sent to all dentists (1217) who were on the Dentist Register of Malaysia of 1987. A response rate of 61.1% was obtained. The results indicate that 52.6% of the respondents have used sealants, but of these only 13.6% have used them frequently. The two "knowledge" related questions receiving the most support concerned the suitability of the first permanent molars for sealants and the loss of sealants attributable to problems at the time of application. The two "attitudinal" questions receiving the most support concerned the value of sealants in preventing dental caries and the need for the profession to expand more efforts toward increasing public demand for sealants. Only about 50% of the respondents believed that sealants are cost-effective.

Bis[1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenium] hexadecachlorotetraantimony(III) ethanol solvate

Abdul-Razak I, Usman A, Fun HK, Yamin BM, Kasim NA

Acta Crystallogr C, 2002 Mar;58(Pt 3):m162-4.

PMID: 11870289

In the title compound, [Fe(C(17)H(14)P)(2)](2)[Sb(4)Cl(16)] x C(2)H(6)O, the Fe atoms lie on inversion centres and the pairs of cyclopentadienyl rings are consequently in a fully staggered conformation. The centrosymmetric anionic clusters formed by [Sb(4)Cl(16)](4-) are surrounded by the cations and are held together by weak C-H...Cl interactions. These formations stack along the a axis to form columns, and the columns are interconnected by another weak C-H...Cl interaction along the b axis.

Stress and its relief among undergraduate dental students in Malaysia

Ahmad MS, Md Yusoff MM, Abdul Razak I

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2011 Jul;42(4):996-1004.

PMID: 22299483

This study was conducted to identify the prevalence of stress, types of stressors, consequences of stress and stress relievers among undergraduate dental students at the University of Malaya during the different years of study. A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire among Bachelor of Dental Surgery students during Years 2 to 5. A 100% response rate was obtained. The instrument asked questions about the preceding academic year. The results of the questionnaire reveal the prevalence of stress was 100%. The most common cause of stress among preclinical students was academic concerns and among clinical students was patient management and clinical performance. Physical and behavioral problems were reported as consequences of stress. Most students overcame stress by having strong interpersonal relationships.

Fulltext Prevalence, transitions and factors predicting transition between frailty states among rural community-dwelling older adults in Malaysia

Ahmad NS, Hairi NN, Said MA, Kamaruzzaman SB, Choo WY, Hairi F, et al.

PLoS One, 2018;13(11):e0206445.

PMID: 30395649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206445

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to describe the prevalence and transitions of frailty among rural-community dwelling older adults in Malaysia and to analyse factors associated with different states of frailty transition. Frailty was conceptualized using modified Fried phenotype from the Cardiovascular Health Study.

DESIGN: This is a prospective longitudinal study with 12-months follow up among older adults in Malaysia.

SETTING: Kuala Pilah, a district in Negeri Sembilan, which is one of the fourteen states in Malaysia.

PARTICIPANTS: 2,324 community-dwelling older Malaysians aged 60 years and older.

RESULTS: The overall prevalence of frailty in this study was 9.4% (95% CI 7.8-11.2). The prevalence increased at least three-fold with every 10 years of age. This increase was seen higher in women compared to men. Being frail was significantly associated with older age, women, and respondents with a higher number of chronic diseases, poor cognitive function and low socioeconomic status (p<0.05). During the 12-months follow-up, our study showed that the transition towards greater frailty states were more likely (22.9%) than transition toward lesser frailty states (19.9%) while majority (57.2%) remained unchanged. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that presence of low physical activity increased the likelihood of worsening transition towards greater frailty states by three times (OR 2.9, 95% CI 2.2-3.7) and lowered the likelihood of transition towards lesser frailty states (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.4).

CONCLUSION: Frailty is reported among one in every eleven older adults in this study. The prevalence increased across age groups and was higher among women than men. Frailty possesses a dynamic status due to its potential reversibility. This reversibility makes it a cornerstone to delay frailty progression. Our study noted that physical activity conferred the greatest benefit as a modifiable factor in frailty prevention.

Prevalence of oral precancerous and cancerous lesions in elderly Malaysians

Ali TB, Jalalluddin RL, Abdul Razak I, Zain RB

Asia Pac J Public Health, 1996;9:24-7.

PMID: 10050195

A house to house survey on elderly subjects aged 60 years old and above was undertaken in a large district in Malaysia. A total of 486 subjects in randomly selected Enumeration Blocks were interviewed and examined. The prevalence of oral precancerous lesions was recorded at 3.3%, of which leukoplakia was the most common. When the ethnic distribution of these oral precancerous and cancerous (OPC) lesions was compared, 72% of those inflicted were Indians. Oral cancer was detected in two subjects (0.4%), both of whom were of Indian origin. Among subjects with OPC lesions, 4.2% were smokers, 12.7% were betelquid chewers, 11.8% had indulged in both habits, whilst one subject had not practised any of the oral habits of interest (0.4%). The findings suggest the occurrence of OPC lesions to be related to betelquid chewing.
Publication year=1996-1997

Synthesis, crystal structure and theoretical studies of a Schiff base 2-[4-hydroxy benzylidene]-amino naphthalene

Arunagiri C, Subashini A, Saranya M, Thomas Muthiah P, Thanigaimani K, Abdul Razak I

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2015 Jan 25;135:307-16.

PMID: 25084236 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.016

The molecular structure of a new Schiff base, 2-[4-hydroxy benzylidene]-amino naphthalene (HBAN) has been examined by HF and B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) calculations. The X-ray structure was determined in order to establish the conformation of the molecule. The compound, C17H13NO, crystallizes in the orthorhombic, P212121 space group with the cell dimension, a=6.2867(2), b=10.2108(3), c=19.2950(6) Å, α=β=γ=90° and z=4. The asymmetric unit contains a molecule of a Schiff base. A strong intermolecular O-H⋯N and a weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds stabilized the crystal structure. The vibrational spectra of HBAN have been calculated using density functional theoretical computation and compared with the experimental. The study is extended to the HOMO-LUMO analysis to calculate the energy gap (Δ), Ionization potential (I), Electron Affinity (A), Global Hardness (η), Chemical Potential (μ) and Global Electrophilicity (w). The calculated HOMO and LUMO energy reveals that the charge transfer occurs within the molecule.

Fulltext Elder mistreatment in a community dwelling population: the Malaysian Elder Mistreatment Project (MAESTRO) cohort study protocol

Choo WY, Hairi NN, Sooryanarayana R, Yunus RM, Hairi FM, Ismail N, et al.

BMJ Open, 2016 05 25;6(5):e011057.

PMID: 27225651 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011057

INTRODUCTION: Despite being now recognised as a global health concern, there is still an inadequate amount of research into elder mistreatment, especially in low and middle-income regions. The purpose of this paper is to report on the design and methodology of a population-based cohort study on elder mistreatment among the older Malaysian population. The study aims at gathering data and evidence to estimate the prevalence and incidence of elder mistreatment, identify its individual, familial and social determinants, and quantify its health consequences.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a community-based prospective cohort study using randomly selected households from the national census. A multistage sampling method was employed to obtain a total of 2496 older adults living in the rural Kuala Pilah district. The study is divided into two phases: cross-sectional study (baseline), and a longitudinal follow-up study at the third and fifth years. Elder mistreatment was measured using instrument derived from the previous literature and modified Conflict Tactic Scales. Outcomes of elder mistreatment include mortality, physical function, mental health, quality of life and health utilisation. Logistic regression models are used to examine the relationship between risk factors and abuse estimates. Cox proportional hazard regression will be used to estimate risk of mortality associated with abuse. Associated annual rate of hospitalisation and health visit frequency, and reporting of abuse, will be estimated using Poisson regression.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the University of Malaya Medical Center (MEC Ref 902.2) and the Malaysian National Medical Research Register (NMRR-12-1444-11726). Written consent was obtained from all respondents prior to baseline assessment and subsequent follow-up. Findings will be disseminated to local stakeholders via forums with community leaders, and health and social welfare departments, and published in appropriate scientific journals and presented at conferences.

Satisfaction with the oral health services. A qualitative study among Non-Commissioned Officers in the Malaysian Armed Forces

Esa R, Rajah P, Abdul Razak I

Community Dent Health, 2006 Mar;23(1):15-20.

PMID: 16555714

Patient satisfaction is critical for the growth and prosperity of any oral health service or practice. The success of any oral health service can be assessed by an evaluation of the degree of satisfaction/dissatisfaction of its patients.

Diagnostic Challenge in Veterinary Pathology: Metastatic Mammary Tumor in a Female Tiger (Panthera Tigris)

Fraser C, Keong Kok M, Shameha Abdul Razak I, Puspitasari Y, Salleh A

Vet Pathol, 2024 Jan 21.

PMID: 38247139 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241226650

(Dibenzyl sulfoxide-kappa O)bis(1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dionato-kappa(2)O,O')dioxouranium(VI)

Fun HK, Kannan S, Usman A, Abdul-Razak I, Chantrapromma S

Acta Crystallogr C, 2002 Jul;58(Pt 7):m368-70.

PMID: 12094029

In the title compound, [UO(2)(C(15)H(11)O(2))(2)(C(14)H(14)OS)], the U(VI) atom is coordinated by seven O atoms in a distorted pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry. Both diphenylpropane-1,3-dionate systems are nearly planar. The sulfoxide moiety is in a distorted tetrahedral geometry, while its two aromatic rings are nearly orthogonal to one another. The crystal packing is stabilized by two bifurcated hydrogen-bonding interactions involving both uranyl O atoms.

Ethnic variations of sweet preferences in Malaysian children: a pilot study

Jaafar N, Abdul Razak I

J Pedod, 1990;14(3):147-9.

PMID: 2081132

Diet and sugar eating habits, in particular sweet preference levels, are gradually nurtured over time by culturally accepted dietary norms. The dietary habits of Malaysia's three main ethnic groups are distinctively different from each other and expectedly, many studies have discovered significant ethnic variations in caries experience. In order to guide further research work into the causes of these variations, this pilot study was designed to establish whether ethnic variations exist in sweet preference levels. This study found that although the difference in sweet preference between boys and girls in this sample was not statistically significant, the ethnic variation was statistically significant. The implications of this study and suggestions for further research in this field are discussed.

Demographic trends in tooth loss due to periodontal disease: an analysis of periodontal extractions by age, sex and ethnic group in a selected population

Jaafar N, Abdul Razak I, Mat Nor G

J N Z Soc Periodontol, 1989 May.

PMID: 2636270

Reasons for seeking dental care in a Malaysian urban adult population: an analysis by sex and ethnic group

Jaafar N, Abdul Razak I

Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 1988 Apr;16(2):75-8.

PMID: 3162860

Different groups of people will view and use modern dental services differently. This is determined by their traditional beliefs and cultural background. The aim of this study is to identify variations in utilization among adults in the three major ethnic groups in Malaysia. Dental records of 500 adults attending the University dental center were randomly selected and analyzed by sex and ethnic group. Results from this pilot study clearly indicate that different ethnic groups tend to use certain types of services more than others. Similarly, there is evidence of variation in the type of dental service preferred between males and females. The implications of these findings for dental health educators, program planners and further research is emphasized in order to promote a more positive pattern of utilization among the various ethnic groups.

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