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Fulltext Adverse drug reaction with midazolam use in emergency department

Nik Muhamad, N.A., Ismail, A.K., Kaharuddin, H., Miao Ching, H., Qamarul Ariffin, S., Syazwani Azwa, S., et al.

Medicine & Health, 2016;11(1):2-10.
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Midazolam is one of the most commonly used drugs for sedation in Emergency Department (ED). This was a retrospective study conducted on 380 patients from December 2012 to May 2014 in ED of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). The objective was to elicit the frequency of side effects and correlation to various factors i.e. socio-demography, co-morbidities, age groups and underlying illnesses. Out of 380 patients, 35 patients experienced side effects (20 patients with midazolam alone, 15 patients with combination of drugs). The average age was 42 years and the average dose of midazolam was 3.5mg. The most common other drug combined was fentanyl. The overall complication rate for midazolam was 5.3%. The most common side effect recorded was excessive somnolence (1.6%). Other side effects included local skin reactions (1.1%), vomiting (0.8%), headache (0.8%) and hypotension (0.5%). There was no significant association between the socio-demographic factors and drugs combination with the side effects of midazolam on patients. It was concluded that midazolam was a safe drug due to absence of any life-threatening side effects. There are possibilities that most side effects recorded could be caused by other comfounding factors e.g. underlying injuries or disease and combination with other drugs.
Root canal morphology of primary maxillary second molars: a micro-computed tomography analysis

Mohd Ariffin S, Dalzell O, Hardiman R, Manton DJ, Parashos P, Rajan S

Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 2020 Aug;21(4):519-525.
PMID: 32100200 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00515-z

AIM: Successful endodontic treatment of primary teeth requires comprehensive knowledge and understanding of root canal morphology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the root canal configurations of primary maxillary second molars using micro-computed tomography.
METHODS: Extracted human primary maxillary second molars (n = 57) were scanned using micro-computed tomography and reconstructed to produce three-dimensional models. Each root canal system was analysed qualitatively according to Vertucci's classification.
RESULTS: 22.8% (n = 13) of the sample presented with the fusion of the disto-buccal and palatal roots; of these, Type V was the most prevalent classification. For teeth with three separate roots (n = 44), the most common root canal type was Type 1 for the palatal canal (100%) and disto-buccal canal (77.3%) and Type V for the mesio-buccal canal (36.4%). Overall, 7% (n = 4) of mesio-buccal canals were 'unclassifiable'.
CONCLUSION: The root canal systems of primary maxillary second molars were not only complex but had a range of configurations that may contribute to unfavourable clinical outcomes after endodontic treatment.
Root canal instrumentation efficacy of non-fused and fused primary molar roots: a micro-computed tomography study

Dalzell O, Mohd Ariffin S, Patrick CJ, Hardiman R, Manton DJ, Parashos P, et al.

Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 2021 Oct;22(5):911-927.
PMID: 34146251 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00641-2

PURPOSE: Pulpectomy may be indicated in restorable primary teeth exhibiting irreversible pulpitis or pulpal necrosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the cleaning and shaping efficacy of NiTi systems (Reciproc® Blue and MTwo®) with manual stainless-steel instrumentation in primary molars using micro-CT analysis.
METHODS: Fifty-seven maxillary second primary molars were scanned using micro-CT. Teeth with three divergent roots were divided randomly (n = 15) according to instrument type (K file, MTwo®, and Reciproc® Blue). Teeth with root fusion were instrumented manually as a separate group (n = 12). Pre- and post-instrumentation micro-CT images were superimposed, and the instrumentation area (IA) and procedural complications were recorded.
RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in IA between file systems was observed in the non-fused teeth. The mean IA of fused roots was significantly lower than in the non-fused distobuccal (p = 0.003) and palatal (p 60%) occurred in both non-fused and fused primary teeth with fewer procedural complications observed after manual instrumentation.
Fulltext Formulation of Trichoderma sp. SL2 inoculants using different carriers for soil treatment in rice seedling growth

Doni F, Isahak A, Che Mohd Zain CR, Mohd Ariffin S, Wan Mohamad WN, Wan Yusoff WM

Springerplus, 2014;3:532.
PMID: 25279323 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-532

BACKGROUND: Trichoderma sp. SL2 has been previously reported to enhance rice germination, vigour, growth and physiological characteristics. The use of Potato Dextrose Agar as carrier of Trichoderma sp. SL2 inoculant is not practical for field application due to its short shelf life and high cost. This study focuses on the use of corn and sugarcane bagasse as potential carriers for Trichoderma sp. SL2 inoculants.
FINDINGS: A completely randomized design was applied for this study. Trichoderma sp. SL2 suspension mixed with corn and sugarcane bagasse were used as treatment mixture in soil. Growth parameters including rice seedling height, root length, wet weight, leaf number and biomass were measured and compared to control. The results showed that Trichoderma sp. SL2 mixed with corn significantly enhanced rice seedlings root length, wet weight and biomass compared to Trichoderma sp. SL2 mixed with sugarcane bagasse and control.
CONCLUSION: Corn can be a potential carrier for Trichoderma spp. inoculants for field application.
Differentiation capacity of mouse dental pulp stem cells into osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Kermani S, Megat Abdul Wahab R, Zarina Zainol Abidin I, Zainal Ariffin Z, Senafi S, Hisham Zainal Ariffin S

Cell J, 2014 Feb 3;16(1):31-42.
PMID: 24518973

Our research attempted to show that mouse dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) with characters such as accessibility, propagation and higher proliferation rate can provide an improved approach for generate bone tissues. With the aim of finding and comparing the differentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells derived from DPSCs into osteoblast and osteoclast cells; morphological, molecular and biochemical analyses were conducted.
Fulltext An Analytical Conductance Model for Gas Detection Based on a Zigzag Carbon Nanotube Sensor

Hosseingholipourasl A, Hafizah Syed Ariffin S, Ahmadi MT, Rahimian Koloor SS, Petrů M, Hamzah A

Sensors (Basel), 2020 Jan 08;20(2).
PMID: 31936402 DOI: 10.3390/s20020357

Recent advances in nanotechnology have revealed the superiority of nanocarbon species such as carbon nanotubes over other conventional materials for gas sensing applications. In this work, analytical modeling of the semiconducting zigzag carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (ZCNT-FET) based sensor for the detection of gas molecules is demonstrated. We propose new analytical models to strongly simulate and investigate the physical and electrical behavior of the ZCNT sensor in the presence of various gas molecules (CO2, H2O, and CH4). Therefore, we start with the modeling of the energy band structure by acquiring the new energy dispersion relation for the ZCNT and introducing the gas adsorption effects to the band structure model. Then, the electrical conductance of the ZCNT is modeled and formulated while the gas adsorption effect is considered in the conductance model. The band structure analysis indicates that, the semiconducting ZCNT experiences band gap variation after the adsorption of the gases. Furthermore, the bandgap variation influences the conductance of the ZCNT and the results exhibit increments of the ZCNT conductance in the presence of target gases while the minimum conductance shifted upward around the neutrality point. Besides, the I-V characteristics of the sensor are extracted from the conductance model and its variations after adsorption of different gas molecules are monitored and investigated. To verify the accuracy of the proposed models, the conductance model is compared with previous experimental and modeling data and a good consensus is observed. It can be concluded that the proposed analytical models can successfully be applied to predict sensor behavior against different gas molecules.
Gastrointestinal Parasites in Asian and African Elephants: A Systematic Review

Qurratul-Saadah Z, Che-Amat A, Syed-Hussain SS, Kamaludden J, Ariffin SMZ, Basripuzi NH, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2023 Mar 01;40(1):55-64.
PMID: 37356004 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.1.012

Gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) in elephants have been reported in several studies over the last decades. Nonetheless, comprehensive data on clinicopathology of elephant GIPs, parasite burden threshold value, and the effectiveness of conventional anthelmintic drugs are still lacking. Herein, we have systematically reviewed the available knowledge on elephant GIPs identified among different parts of the world based on their prevalence, epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment, and control. Two electronic databases were searched for publications that met the inclusion criteria. About19 English journal articles published between year of 2011- 2021 were included. The main GIPs reported in elephants were Cyathostomidae (at least 14 species), Ancylostomidae, Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Oesophagostomum columbianum, Oesophagostomum aceleatum, Ascarids, Trichurids, Strongyloides, Anophlocephalidae, flukes, and Coccidia across different parts of the world, including Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, India, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. Most elephants show no clinical signs until the equilibrium between parasite and host is disturbed. The common diagnostic methods for GIPs are traditional direct smear, faecal floatation, sedimentation, and McMaster egg counting technique, all involving morphological identification. However, some articles described the use of molecular detection to characterise common GIPs of elephants. Although benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones group of anthelmintic are the most conventional GIPs treatment and control for captive and semi-captive elephants, there is limited data on the threshold value of faecal egg count as the baseline for treatment decision. Over the last decades, various studies regarding elephant GIPs have been conducted. However, more focused and systematic studies are required to enhance our knowledge in multiple aspects of elephant parasitology to find effective solutions and improve elephant health.
Fulltext Detection, molecular characterization, and antibiogram of multi-drug resistant and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from pets and pet owners in Malaysia

Chai MH, Sukiman MZ, Liew YW, Shapawi MS, Roslan FS, Hashim SN, et al.

Iran J Vet Res, 2021;22(4):277-287.
PMID: 35126535 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2021.39586.5752

Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MDRSA) in animals and humans with continuous contact are a great zoonotic concern.
Aims: This cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the carriage rate, genotypic characteristics, and to determine the antibiogram of S. aureus isolated from pets and pet owners in Malaysia.
Methods: Nasal and oral swab samples from 40 cats, 30 dogs, and 70 pet owners were collected through convenient sampling. Presumptive colonies on mannitol salt agar were subjected to biochemical identification. S. aureus and MRSA were confirmed by PCR detection of nuc and mecA genes, respectively. Molecular profiles for antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in S. aureus were also determined. The antibiogram was carried out via Kirby-Bauer test using 18 antibiotics.
Results: 17.5% of cats, 20% of dogs, and 27% of pet owners were S. aureus positive. MRSA was also detected in dogs, and pet owners. S. aureus isolates displayed high resistance against penicillin (72.7%), and amoxicillin/clavulanate (66.7%). 39.4% of S. aureus isolates showed multidrug-resistance traits, phenotypically. Molecular characterization of S. aureus revealed the presence of mecA, tetk, tetL, ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, scn, chp, sak, sep, and sea genes.
Conclusion: This study showed the emergence of MRSA and MDRSA in pets and pet owners in Malaysia. The antibiogram findings showed resistance of S. aureus to multiple antibiotics. Furthermore, molecular analysis of immune evasion cluster (IEC) strongly suggests the spread of animal-adapted S. aureus lineages among pets and pet owners.
Understanding the Perception of Islamic Medicine Among the Malaysian Muslim Community

Ahmad K, Ariffin MFM, Deraman F, Ariffin S, Abdullah M, Razzak MMA, et al.

J Relig Health, 2018 Oct;57(5):1649-1663.
PMID: 29075949 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-017-0507-9

This study was conducted to identify and describe the patients' perceptions of Islamic medicine based on gender, age, marital, educational level and working status among the Malaysian Muslim population. A nationwide interviewer-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in 2013. An open-ended questionnaire pertaining to Islamic medicine was used to increase the probability of capturing maximum data. This survey implemented a multistage design, stratified by state, proportionate to the size of the state population and was representative of the Malaysian population. Post-survey classification of results was performed accordingly. Complex data analysis was carried out using SPSS 16.0. The discussion was identified and categorised into various sections. The paper concludes that Islamic medicine has a major influence in the Malaysian Muslim community compared to other alternatives. Further, its potential for growth and importance especially for treating spiritual ailments cannot be denied. The respondents indicated that two factors motivate Islamic medicine in Malaysia: (1) the Muslim community opts for alternative healing because of their dissatisfaction with conventional methods; (2) Islamic medicine focuses only on healing spiritual-related problems. The average perception of respondents is that the function of Islamic medicine in healing physical diseases is undervalued and that it is not suitable to replace the functions of modern health institutions.