Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 75 in total

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  1. Fulltext Ion beam elemental analysis of doped SiO2 optical fibre and its thermoluminescence response when irradiated with protons
    Bradley, D.A., Ramli, A.T., Hashim, S., Wagiran, H., Webb, M., Jeynes, C.
    ASM Science Journal, 2010;4(1):15-21.
    MyJurnal
    This research was focused on the thermoluminescence (TL) response of commercially produced single-mode telecommunication optical fibre manufactured by INOCORP (Canada). The fibres were either in the form of pure silica (SiO2) or as SiO2 doped with Ge or Al at concentrations appropriate for total internal reflection, as required for telecommunication purposes. Each of these INOCORP fibres had a core diameter of 125 ± 0.1 μm. It was noted that dopant concentration was not included among the data provided in the accompanying product data sheet. A particularly important parameter for obtaining the highest TL yield in this study was the dopant concentration of the SiO2 fibre. The dopants tended to diffuse during the production of the optical fibre. To obtain this parameter, proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis was utilised. PIXE while having limited depth resolution could unambiguously identify elements and analyse trace elements with a detection limit approaching μg g–1. For Al-doped fibres, dopant concentrations in the range of 0.98 – 2.93 mol% had been estimated, the equivalent range for Ge-doped fibres was 0.53 – 0.71 mol%. A linear dose response was observed following 2.5 MeV proton irradiation for Ge- and Al-doped fibres for up to 7 min exposure.
  2. Molecular characterization and nonradioactive detection of beta-thalassemia in Malaysia
    Fucharoen S, Fucharoen G, Ata K, Aziz S, Hashim S, Hassan K, et al.
    Acta Haematol., 1990;84(2):82-8.
    PMID: 2120891 DOI: 10.1159/000205034
    The spectrum of beta-thalassemia mutations in Malaysia has been determined in 45 beta-thalassemia chromosomes using dot blot hybridization of the polymerase chain reaction amplified DNA and direct DNA sequencing. Eleven different molecular defects, including those previously detected in Chinese, Asian Indians, and American blacks, and a novel frameshift mutation causing beta zero-thalassemia were detected. Since this novel mutation, a T deletion in codon 15 creates a new restriction site for EcoRII enzyme; the mutation could be detected by EcoRII digestion of the appropriate amplified fragment. The results of the present study provide additional information on the molecular heterogeneity of beta-thalassemia in this population. We also demonstrated the nonradioactive detection method of the beta-thalassemia mutation based upon the digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes.
  3. Thermoluminescence dosimetry properties and kinetic parameters of lithium potassium borate glass co-doped with titanium and magnesium oxides
    Hashim S, Alajerami YS, Ramli AT, Ghoshal SK, Saleh MA, Abdul Kadir AB, et al.
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2014 Sep;91:126-30.
    PMID: 24929526 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.05.023
    Lithium potassium borate (LKB) glasses co-doped with TiO2 and MgO were prepared using the melt quenching technique. The glasses were cut into transparent chips and exposed to gamma rays of (60)Co to study their thermoluminescence (TL) properties. The TL glow curve of the Ti-doped material featured a single prominent peak at 230 °C. Additional incorporation of MgO as a co-activator enhanced the TL intensity threefold. LKB:Ti,Mg is a low-Z material (Z(eff)=8.89) with slow signal fading. Its radiation sensitivity is 12 times lower that the sensitivity of TLD-100. The dose response is linear at doses up to 10(3) Gy. The trap parameters, such as the kinetics order, activation energy, and frequency factor, which are related to the glow peak, were determined using TolAnal software.
  4. Photon irradiation response of photonic crystal fibres and flat fibres at radiation therapy doses
    Hashim S, Ibrahim SA, Che Omar SS, Alajerami YS, Saripan MI, Noor NM, et al.
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2014 Aug;90:258-60.
    PMID: 24858954 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.04.016
    Radiation effects of photon irradiation in pure Photonic Crystal Fibres (PCF) and Flat fibres (FF) are still much less investigated in thermoluminescense dosimetry (TLD). We have reported the TL response of PCF and FF subjected to 6 MV photon irradiation. The proposed dosimeter shows good linearity at doses ranging from 1 to 4 Gy. The small size of these detectors points to its use as a dosimeter at megavoltage energies, where better tissue-equivalence and the Bragg-Gray cavity theory prevails.
  5. Luminescence characteristics of Li₂CO₃-K₂CO₃-H₃BO₃ glasses co-doped with TiO₂/MgO
    Alajerami YS, Hashim S, Ghoshal SK, Ramli AT, Saleh MA, Ibrahim Z, et al.
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2013 Dec;82:12-9.
    PMID: 23948307 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.07.005
    Understanding the influence of co-dopants in the luminescence enhancement of carbonate glasses is the key issue in dosimetry. A series of borate glasses modified by lithium and potassium carbonate were synthesized by the melt-quenching method. The glass mixture activated with various concentrations of TiO2 and MgO was subjected to various doses of gamma-rays ((60)Co). The amorphous nature of the samples was confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra. The simple glowing curve of the glass doped with TiO2 features a peak at 230°C, whose intensity is maximal at 0.5 mol% of the dopant. The intensity of the glowing curve increases with the concentration of MgO added as a co-dopant up to 0.25 mol%, where it is two times higher than for the material without MgO thermoluminescence properties, including dose response, reproducibility, and fading were studied. The effective atomic number of the material was also determined. Kinetic parameters, such as kinetics order, activation energy, and frequency factor are estimated. The photoluminescence spectra of the titanium-doped glass consist of a prominent peaks at 480 nm when laser excitation at 650 nm is used. A three-fold photoluminescence enhancement and a blue shift of the peak were observed when 0.1% MgO was introduced. In addition, various physical parameters, such as ion concentration, polaron radius and internuclear distances were calculated. The mechanism for the thermoluminescence and photoluminescence enhancements are discussed.
  6. Thermoluminescence responses of photon- and electron-irradiated lithium potassium borate co-doped with Cu+Mg or Ti+Mg
    Alajerami YS, Hashim S, Ramli AT, Saleh MA, Saripan MI, Alzimami K, et al.
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2013 Aug;78:21-5.
    PMID: 23644162 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.03.095
    New glasses Li2CO3-K2CO3-H3BO3 (LKB) co-doped with CuO and MgO, or with TiO2 and MgO, were synthesized by the chemical quenching technique. The thermoluminescence (TL) responses of LKB:Cu,Mg and LKB:Ti,Mg irradiated with 6 MV photons or 6 MeV electrons were compared in the dose range 0.5-4.0 Gy. The standard commercial dosimeter LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) was used to calibrate the TL reader and as a reference in comparison of the TL properties of the new materials. The dependence of the responses of the new materials on (60)Co dose is linear in the range of 1-1000 Gy. The TL yields of both of the co-doped glasses and TLD-100 are greater for electron irradiation than for photon irradiation. The TL sensitivity of LKB:Ti,Mg is 1.3 times higher than the sensitivity of LKB:Cu,Mg and 12 times less than the sensitivity of TLD-100. The new TL dosimetric materials have low effective atomic numbers, good linearity of the dose responses, excellent signal reproducibility, and a simple glow curve structure. This combination of properties makes them suitable for radiation dosimetry.
  7. The thermoluminescence response of doped SiO2 optical fibres subjected to fast neutrons
    Hashim S, Bradley DA, Saripan MI, Ramli AT, Wagiran H
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2010 Apr-May;68(4-5):700-3.
    PMID: 19892557 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.10.027
    This paper describes a preliminary study of the thermoluminescence (TL) response of doped SiO(2) optical fibres subjected to (241)AmBe neutron irradiation. The TL materials, which comprise Al- and Ge-doped silica fibres, were exposed in close contact with the (241)AmBe source to obtain fast neutron interactions through use of measurements obtained with and without a Cd filter (the filter being made to entirely enclose the fibres). The neutron irradiations were performed for exposure times of 1-, 2-, 3-, 5- and 7-days in a neutron tank filled with water. In this study, use was also made of the Monte Carlo N-particle (MCNP) code version 5 (V5) to simulate the neutron irradiations experiment. It was found that the commercially available Ge-doped and Al-doped optical fibres show a linear dose response subjected to fast neutrons from (241)AmBe source up to seven days of irradiations. The simulation performed using MCNP5 also exhibits a similar pattern, albeit differing in sensitivity. The TL response of Ge-doped fibre is markedly greater than that of the Al-doped fibre, the total absorption cross section for Ge in both the fast and thermal neutrons region being some ten times greater than that of Al.
  8. The thermoluminescence response of doped SiO2 optical fibres subjected to alpha-particle irradiation
    Ramli AT, Bradley DA, Hashim S, Wagiran H
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2009 Mar;67(3):428-32.
    PMID: 18693114 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.06.034
    Ion beams are used in radiotherapy to deliver a more precise dose to the target volume while minimizing dose to the surrounding healthy tissue. For optimum dose monitoring in ion-beam therapy, it is essential to be able to measure the delivered dose with a sensitivity, spatial resolution and dynamic range that is sufficient to meet the demands of the various therapy situations. Optical fibres have been demonstrated by this group to show promising thermoluminescence properties with respect to photon, electron and proton irradiation. In particular, and also given the flexibility and small size of optical fibre cores, for example 125.0+/-0.1 microm for the Al- and Ge-doped fibres used in this study, these fibres have the potential to fulfill the above requirements. This study investigates the thermoluminescence dosimetric characteristics of variously doped SiO(2) optical fibres irradiated with alpha particles from (241)Am. Following subtraction of the gamma contribution from the above source, the thermoluminescence characteristics of variously doped SiO(2) optical fibres have been compared with that of TLD-100 rods. The irradiations were performed in a bell jar. Of related potential significance is the effective atomic number, Z(eff) of the fibre, modifying measured dose from that deposited in tissues; in the present work, a scanning electron microscope and associated energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy facility have been used to provide evaluation of Z(eff). For Ge-doped fibres, the effective atomic numbers value was 11.4, the equivalent value for Al-doped fibres was 12.3. This paper further presents results on dose response and the glow curves obtained. The results obtained indicate there to be good potential for use of variously doped SiO(2) optical fibres in measuring ion-beam doses in radiotherapeutic applications.
  9. The thermoluminescence response of doped SiO2 optical fibres subjected to photon and electron irradiations
    Hashim S, Al-Ahbabi S, Bradley DA, Webb M, Jeynes C, Ramli AT, et al.
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2009 Mar;67(3):423-7.
    PMID: 18693024 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.06.030
    Modern linear accelerators, the predominant teletherapy machine in major radiotherapy centres worldwide, provide multiple electron and photon beam energies. To obtain reasonable treatment times, intense electron beam currents are achievable. In association with this capability, there is considerable demand to validate patient dose using systems of dosimetry offering characteristics that include good spatial resolution, high precision and accuracy. Present interest is in the thermoluminescence response and dosimetric utility of commercially available doped optical fibres. The important parameter for obtaining the highest TL yield during this study is to know the dopant concentration of the SiO2 fibre because during the production of the optical fibres, the dopants tend to diffuse. To achieve this aim, proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), which has no depth resolution but can unambiguously identify elements and analyse for trace elements with detection limits approaching microg/g, was used. For Al-doped fibres, the dopant concentration in the range 0.98-2.93 mol% have been estimated, with equivalent range for Ge-doped fibres being 0.53-0.71 mol%. In making central-axis irradiation measurements a solid water phantom was used. For 6-MV photons and electron energies in the range 6, 9 and 12 MeV, a source to surface distance of 100 cm was used, with a dose rate of 400 cGy/min for photons and electrons. The TL measurements show a linear dose-response over the delivered range of absorbed dose from 1 to 4 Gy. Fading was found to be minimal, less than 10% over five days subsequent to irradiation. The minimum detectable dose for 6-MV photons was found to be 4, 30 and 900 microGy for TLD-100 chips, Ge- and Al-doped fibres, respectively. For 6-, 9- and 12-MeV electron energies, the minimum detectable dose were in the range 3-5, 30-50 and 800-1400 microGy for TLD-100 chip, Ge-doped and Al-doped fibres, respectively.
  10. Thermoluminescence response of dysprosium doped strontium tetraborate glasses subjected to electron irradiations
    Lim TY, Wagiran H, Hussin R, Hashim S
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2015 Aug;102:10-4.
    PMID: 25933405 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.04.005
    The paper presents the thermoluminescence (TL) response of strontium tetraborate glass subjected to electron irradiations at various Dy2O3 concentrations ranging from 0.00 to 1.00mol%. All glass samples exhibited single broad peak with maximum peak temperature positioned at 170-215°C. The optimum TL response was found at Dy2O3 concentration 0.75mol%. This glass showed good linearity and higher sensitivity for 7MeV compared to 6MeV electrons. Analysis of kinetic parameters showed that the glasses demonstrate second order kinetic.
  11. Radiological assessment subjected to outdoor radon and thoron concentrations and terrestrial gamma radiation measurements in Perak Malaysia
    Nuhu H, Hashim S, Mohd Sanusi MS, Mohammed Saleh MA
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2022 Jan;179:109991.
    PMID: 34710768 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109991
    The concentrations of radon, thoron and terrestrial gamma radiation were measured to evaluate the outdoor effective dose. The outdoor radon activity concentration ranged from 5.79 to 5110 ± 46.36 Bq m-3, with a mean of 320.03 Bq m-3 which is higher than the EPA level of 14.8 Bq m-3. The range of the thoron activity concentration outdoor was from 0.00 to 4226.7 ± 58.5 Bq m-3, with a mean of 226.1 Bq m-3 which was above the UNSCEAR recommended level of 10 Bq m-3. The terrestrial gamma radiation dose rates range was from 98.31 to 3769.71 nGy h-1 with a mean of 446.27 nGy h-1. The effective dose contribution from radon exposures in the study was estimated to be 3.2 ± 0.5 mSv y-1 is about 84% total annual effective dose received by the population in those areas. The estimated thoron and gamma dose contributions (15%, and 1% respectively) were not significant. The outdoor doses for thoron and gamma were lower than the ICRP (2007) value of 1 mSv. The total annual outdoor effective dose with an occupancy factor of 1825 h (5 h day-1) was estimated to be within the range of 0.30-551.41 ± 0.65 mSv, with a mean of 3.75 mSv which is a little higher than the world average of 2.4 mSv.
  12. Tabulation of organ dose conversion factors for terrestrial radioactivity monitoring program
    Sanusi MSM, Hassan WMSW, Hashim S, Ramli AT
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2021 Aug;174:109791.
    PMID: 34062400 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109791
    Terrestrial radioactivity monitoring of 238U and 232Th series, and 40K in soil is an essential practice for radioactivity and radiation measurement of a place. In conventional practice, only basic data can be in-situ measured using a survey instrument, for example radioactivity concentration in soil and ambient dose equivalent rate. For other physical quantities, for example organ absorbed dose and organ equivalent dose, the measurement is impossible to be performed and can only be computed using Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations. In the past, most of the works only focused on calculating air-kerma-to-effective dose conversion factors. However, the information on organ dose conversion factors is scarcely documented and reported. This study was conducted to calculate organ absorbed and tissue-weighted equivalent dose conversion factors as a result of exposure from terrestrial gamma radiation. Series of organ dose conversion factors is produced based on computations from Monte Carlo MCNP5 simulations using modelled gamma irradiation geometry and established adult MIRD phantom. The study found out that most of the radiation exposed organs absorb energy at comparable rates, except for dense and superficial tissues i.e., skeleton and skin, which indicated slightly higher values. The good agreement between this work and previous studies demonstrated that our gamma irradiation geometry and modelling of gamma radiation sources are adequate. Therefore, the proposed organ dose conversion factors from this study are reasonably acceptable for dose estimation in environmental radioactivity monitoring practices.
  13. Optically stimulated Al2O3:C luminescence dosimeters for teletherapy: Hp(10) performance evaluation
    Hashim S, Musa Y, Ghoshal SK, Ahmad NE, Hashim IH, Yusop M, et al.
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2018 May;135:7-11.
    PMID: 29353759 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.01.010
    The performance of optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs, Al2O3:C) was evaluated in terms of the operational quantity of HP(10) in Co-60 external beam teletherapy unit. The reproducibility, signal depletion, and dose linearity of each dosimeter was investigated. For ten repeated readouts, each dosimeter exposed to 50mSv was found to be reproducible below 1.9 ± 3% from the mean value, indicating good reader stability. Meanwhile, an average signal reduction of 0.5% per readout was found. The dose response revealed a good linearity within the dose range of 5-50mSv having nearly perfect regression line with R2 equals 0.9992. The accuracy of the measured doses were evaluated in terms of operational quantity HP(10), wherein the trumpet curve method was used respecting the 1990 International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) standard. The accuracy of the overall measurements from all dosimeters was discerned to be within the trumpet curve and devoid of outlier. It is established that the achieved OSL Al2O3:C dosimeters are greatly reliable for equivalent dose assessment.
  14. Fulltext Knowledge of colorectal cancer among patients presenting with rectal bleeding and its association with delay in seeking medical advice
    Mohd Hashim S, Tong SF, Omar K, Abdul Rashid MR, Shah SA, Sagap I
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011;12(8):2007-11.
    PMID: 22292642
    BACKGROUND: Knowledge is believed to be a driving factor for patients' early presentation for healthcare. This study was conducted to assess knowledge of colorectal cancer among subjects presenting with rectal bleeding and to determine its association with late presentation.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 80 patients with rectal bleeding, aged 40 and above, was conducted between December 2008 and June 2009 in the endoscopy unit, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. The research instruments used in this study was a self-administered questionnaire including data on duration of rectal bleeding, first medical consultation and knowledge of colorectal cancer.

    RESULTS: Sixty percent of subjects with rectal bleeding delayed seeking medical advice. Subjects were more aware of symptoms of non-colorectal cancers compared to symptoms of colorectal cancer. The majority of subjects (63.8%) correctly identified rectal bleeding as a symptom but were not aware of the best screening method to detect colorectal cancer. Half of the subjects knew increasing age and genetic background to be risk factors for colorectal carcinoma. However, knowledge of colorectal cancer was not found to be significantly associated with delay in seeking help.

    CONCLUSION: Findings indicate poor awareness of colorectal cancer among the subjects. Although public education of colorectal cancer is important for early presentation on rectal bleeding, further studies are advocated to evaluate other factors influencing patients' help seeking behavior other than knowledge.
  15. Ginger potency on the prevention and treatment of breast cancer
    Usman AN, Manju B, Ilhamuddin I, Ahmad M, Ab T, Ariyandy A, et al.
    Breast Dis, 2023;42(1):207-212.
    PMID: 37424457 DOI: 10.3233/BD-239003
    BACKGROUND: Cancer is a type of disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that can destroy body tissues. The use of traditional medicine naturally uses plants from ginger with the maceration method. The ginger plant is a herbaceous flowering plant with the Zingiberaceacea group.

    METHODS: This study uses the literature review method by reviewing 50 articles from journals and databases.

    RESULTS: A review of several articles, namely ginger has bioactive components such as gingerol. Ginger is used as a treatment in complementary therapies using plants. Ginger is a strategy with many benefits and functions as a nutritional complement to the body. This benefit has shown the effect of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer against nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy in breast cancer.

    CONCLUSION: Anticancer in ginger is shown by polyphenols associated with anti-metastatic, anti-proliferative, antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy. Therefore, consuming ginger regularly affects natural herbal therapy with the prevention and treatment of breast cancer and serves as a prevention against the effects of chemotherapy.

  16. Fulltext Spontaneous Haemothorax in a Patient with COVID-19
    Mohan SA, Fadzaily ZS, Abdullah Hashim SH
    Case Rep Med, 2022;2022:8275326.
    PMID: 35898334 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8275326
    The global pandemic of COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. We continue to discover the wide spectrum of complications associated with COVID-19. Some well-known complications include pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumothorax, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), chronic fatigue, multiorgan dysfunction, and long COVID-19 syndrome. We report a rare case of a 51-year-old man with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who developed haemorrhagic shock secondary to spontaneous haemothorax after 17 days of hospitalisation. Clinicians should be aware of such occurrence, and hence, high clinical suspicion, prompt recognition of signs and symptoms of shock, and adequate resuscitation will improve the outcomes of patients.
  17. Utilizing hybrid functional fuzzy wavelet neural networks with a teaching learning-based optimization algorithm for medical disease diagnosis
    Majeed Alneamy JS, A Hameed Alnaish Z, Mohd Hashim SZ, Hamed Alnaish RA
    Comput Biol Med, 2019 09;112:103348.
    PMID: 31356992 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103348
    Accurate medical disease diagnosis is considered to be an important classification problem. The main goal of the classification process is to determine the class to which a certain pattern belongs. In this article, a new classification technique based on a combination of The Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm and Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Network (FWNN) with Functional Link Neural Network (FLNN) is proposed. In addition, the TLBO algorithm is utilized for training the new hybrid Functional Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Network (FFWNN) and optimizing the learning parameters, which are weights, dilation and translation. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, five standard medical datasets were used: Breast Cancer, Heart Disease, Hepatitis, Pima-Indian diabetes and Appendicitis. The efficiency of the proposed method is evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation and 10-fold cross-validation in terms of mean square error (MSE), classification accuracy, running time, sensitivity, specificity and kappa. The experimental results show that the efficiency of the proposed method for the medical classification problems is 98.309%, 91.1%, 91.39%, 88.67% and 93.51% for the Breast Cancer, Heart Disease, Hepatitis, Pima-Indian diabetes and Appendicitis datasets, respectively, in terms of accuracy after 30 runs for each dataset with low computational complexity. In addition, it has been observed that the proposed method has efficient performance compared with the performance of other methods found in the related previous studies.
  18. Fulltext Radiological hazard associated with amang processing industry in Peninsular Malaysia and its environmental impacts
    Sanusi MSM, Ramli AT, Hashim S, Lee MH
    Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2021 Jan 15;208:111727.
    PMID: 33396058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111727
    Continuous depletion in tin productions has led to a newly emerging industry that is a tin by-product (amang) processing industry to harness mega tons of tin by-products produced in the past. Amang composed of profitable multi-heavy minerals and rare-earth elements. With poorly established safety and health practices in operating plant, amang poses extremely high radioactivity problem associated with high occupational ionizing radiation exposures to workers and continuously impacting the local environment with radioactive contamination from industrial effluent and solid waste into lithosphere and water bodies. The radioactivity level of 238U and 232Th series in the mineral varies from few hundreds up to ~200,000 and ~400,000 Bq kg-1 respectively and are potential to yield more than ~ 30,000 nGy h-1 of gamma (γ) radiation exposure to plant workers. The study found out that for 8 h of work time, a worker is estimated to receive an average effective dose of 0.1 mSv per day from external γ radiation source with a maximum up to 2 mSv per day for extreme exposure situation. Interferences of different exposure routes for examples inhalation of equivalent equilibrium concentration (ECC) of 222Rn and 220Rn progenies and airborne long-lived α particles from the dusty working environment could pose a higher total effective dose as much as 5 mSv per day and 115 mSv per year. The value is 5 times higher than the annual dose limit for designated radiation worker (20 mSv) in Peninsular Malaysia. The study found that 41% of the total received an effective dose received by a worker is contributed by 222Rn, 32% of airborne particulates and dust, 23% from external γ exposure and 4% from 220Rn. Based on radioecological risk assessment, the study found out that the aquatic environment is the highly exposed group to ionizing radiation from industrial effluent discharge and sand residues. With the impotent establishment of radiation protection in the industry, plus the country newly introduced long-term plan to revive tin mining as well as its accessory amang mineral, it is necessary for the government to harmonize current regulation to improve the worker safety and health as well as sustaining local environment.
  19. Fulltext Patients' perceptions of participation in educational home visits
    Jaffar A, Tan CE, Hamzah Z, Mohd Hashim S, Mohd Tohit N
    Educ Health (Abingdon), 2016;29(1):63-4.
    PMID: 26996805 DOI: 10.4103/1357-6283.178930
  20. Fulltext Isolation, Characterization, Crystal Structure Elucidation, and Anticancer Study of Dimethyl Cardamonin, Isolated from Syzygium campanulatum Korth
    Memon AH, Ismail Z, Aisha AF, Al-Suede FS, Hamil MS, Hashim S, et al.
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2014;2014:470179.
    PMID: 25530783 DOI: 10.1155/2014/470179
    Syzygium campanulatum Korth is an equatorial, evergreen, aboriginal shrub of Malaysia. Conventionally it has been used as a stomachic. However, in the currently conducted study dimethyl cardamonin or 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC) was isolated from S. campanulatum Korth, leaf extract. The structural characterization of DMC was carried out by making use of various techniques including UV, IR, NMR spectral followed by LC-MS, and X-ray crystallographic techniques. For determining the purity of compound, highly effective techniques including TLC, HPLC, and melting point were used. The cytotoxicity of DMC and three different extracts of S. campanulatum was evaluated against human colon cancer cell line (HT-29) by three different assays. DMC and ethanolic extract revealed potent and dose-dependent cytotoxic activity on the cancer cell line with IC50 12.6 and 90.1 µg/mL, respectively. Quite astonishingly to our knowledge, this is the very first report on S. campanulatum as being a rich source (3.5%) of DMC, X-ray crystallography, and anticancer activity on human colon cancer cells.
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