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Fulltext Scientific Advancements in Composite Materials for Aircraft Applications: A Review

Parveez B, Kittur MI, Badruddin IA, Kamangar S, Hussien M, Umarfarooq MA

Polymers (Basel), 2022 Nov 18;14(22).
PMID: 36433134 DOI: 10.3390/polym14225007

Recent advances in aircraft materials and their manufacturing technologies have enabled progressive growth in innovative materials such as composites. Al-based, Mg-based, Ti-based alloys, ceramic-based, and polymer-based composites have been developed for the aerospace industry with outstanding properties. However, these materials still have some limitations such as insufficient mechanical properties, stress corrosion cracking, fretting wear, and corrosion. Subsequently, extensive studies have been conducted to develop aerospace materials that possess superior mechanical performance and are corrosion-resistant. Such materials can improve the performance as well as the life cycle cost. This review introduces the recent advancements in the development of composites for aircraft applications. Then it focuses on the studies conducted on composite materials developed for aircraft structures, followed by various fabrication techniques and then their applications in the aircraft industry. Finally, it summarizes the efforts made by the researchers so far and the challenges faced by them, followed by the future trends in aircraft materials.
Fulltext Polyrhodanine-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications: A review

Hiba IH, Koh JK, Lai CW, Mousavi SM, Badruddin IA, Hussien M, et al.

Heliyon, 2024 Apr 15;10(7):e28902.
PMID: 38633652 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28902

Rhodanine is a heterocyclic organic compound that has been investigated for its potential biomedical applications, particularly in drug discovery. Rhodanine derivatives have been examined as the medication options for numerous illnesses, including cancer, inflammation, and infectious diseases. Some rhodanine derivatives have also shown promising activity against drug-resistant strains of bacteria and viruses. One of these derivatives is polyrhodanine (PR), a conducting polymer that has gained attention for its biomedical properties. This review article summarises the latest advancements in creating biomaterials based on PR for biosensing, antimicrobial treatments, and anticancer therapies. The distinctive characteristics of PR, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and good conductivity, render it an attractive candidate for these applications. The article also explores obstacles and potential future paths for advancing biomaterials made with PR, including synthesis modifications, characterisation techniques, and in vivo evaluation of biocompatibility and efficacy. Overall, as an emerging research topic, this review emphasises the potential of PR as a promising biomaterial for various biomedical applications and provides insights into the contemporary state of research and prospective directions for investigation.
Fulltext Necrotizing fasciitis of the lower limb: an outcome study of surgical treatment

Kwan MK, Saw A, Chee EK, Lee CS, Lim CH, Zulkifle NA, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Feb;61 Suppl A:17-20.
PMID: 17042223

Necrotizing fasciitis is a limb- and life-threatening rapidly spreading infection affecting the deep fascia with secondary necrosis of the subcutaneous tissue. It requires immediate medical attention and emergency surgery to prevent morbidity and death. This study was undertaken to determine its co-morbidity and risk factors affecting the outcome of its surgical treatment. This is a retrospective review of 36 cases of necrotizing fasciitis of the lower limb treated in our center between 1998 and 2002. Only 19% of the cases were correctly diagnosed upon admission and 48.6% were initially diagnosed as 'cellulitis'. Diabetes mellitus was the most common co-morbid. Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Enterobactericae were the common pathogens isolated. Ten patients (27.8%) had major amputation as part of radical debridement. The overall mortality rate was 36% with laboratory parameters: high serum urea and creatinine, and low haemoglobin levels were predictors for higher mortality. Poor white cell response which is common in diabetic patients and a delay in surgical debridement were. notable attributes to a higher mortality. Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A poor white blood cell response, high serum urea and creatinine, and low haemoglobin level were the predictors for mortality. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are of paramount importance in the treatment of this infection.
Dual therapy of cancer using optimal control supported by swarm intelligence

Tan PL, Kanesan J, Chuah JH, Badruddin IA, Abdellatif A, Kamangar S, et al.

Biomed Mater Eng, 2023 Dec 28.
PMID: 38189746 DOI: 10.3233/BME-230150

BACKGROUND: The scientific revolution in the treatment of many illnesses has been significantly aided by stem cells. This paper presents an optimal control on a mathematical model of chemotherapy and stem cell therapy for cancer treatment.
OBJECTIVE: To develop effective hybrid techniques that combine the optimal control theory (OCT) with the evolutionary algorithm and multi-objective swarm algorithm. The developed technique is aimed to reduce the number of cancerous cells while utilizing the minimum necessary chemotherapy medications and minimizing toxicity to protect patients' health.
METHODS: Two hybrid techniques are proposed in this paper. Both techniques combined OCT with the evolutionary algorithm and multi-objective swarm algorithm which included MOEA/D, MOPSO, SPEA II and PESA II. This study evaluates the performance of two hybrid techniques in terms of reducing cancer cells and drug concentrations, as well as computational time consumption.
RESULTS: In both techniques, MOEA/D emerges as the most effective algorithm due to its superior capability in minimizing tumour size and cancer drug concentration.
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of integrating OCT and evolutionary algorithms as a robust approach for optimizing cancer chemotherapy treatment.