Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 26 in total

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  1. Lee, CL, Zainuddin AA, Abdul Karim AK, Yulianty A, Law, ZK, Md.Isa N, et al.
    MyJurnal
    We report a rare case of altered mental status in a young patient with immature ovarian teratoma. A 22-year-old woman presented with seizures, hallucination, amnesia and orofacial dyskinesia. Examination and investigation revealed an ovarian massand asalphing-oophorectomy was performed. The histopathological examination result showed an immature teratoma grade 2 with thepresence of immature primitive glial tissue. Her CSF N-Methyl-D-Aspartic acid receptor (Anti-NMDAR) antibodytest was positive. N-Methyl-D-Aspartic acid receptor antibody associated limbic encephalitis is an autoimmune antibody-mediated neuropsychiatric disorder. Resection of the tumour and immunotherapy resulted in full recovery.
  2. Abdul Karim AK, Ahmad MF, Abdul Hamid H
    Med J Malaysia, 2021 05;76(3):417-418.
    PMID: 34031343
    Fertility preservation is significant for oncology patients to maintain their ability to start a family when they are ready. Onco-fertility, as a discipline, exists at the intersection of oncology and reproductive medicine that safeguards and expands the fertility options for cancer survivors, by facilitating early intervention and suitable treatment with favourable outcomes. Successful fertility preservation requires a comprehensive networking among the gynaecologists, oncologists, pathologists, imaging and other specialists, involved in diagnosing and treating cancer in the reproductive age group. There are several ways in which fertility can be preserved, like role of gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogues, in vitro maturation, and cryopreservation.
  3. Arshad AH, Azrai Abu M, Ahmad MF, Abdul Karim AK
    Med J Malaysia, 2022 Jan;77(1):1-5.
    PMID: 35086987
    INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis is a challenging disease to treat, and patients may eventually need in vitro fertilisation with Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) to conceive after other modalities failed. There are inconsistent outcomes of IVF performance in patients with endometriosis especially with highly purified human menotropin gonadotrophin (hMG). This study was commenced to determine whether the use of hMG affects the IVF outcome in different stage of endometriosis.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an observational study. Eighty-seven women who had endometriosis confirmed surgically and underwent IVF/ICSI treatment, stimulated with hMG alone were included. Based on the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (rASRM), the participants were classified as early endometriosis (I/II) (n=39) or advanced endometriosis (III/IV) (n=35). The main outcome measures used were clinical pregnancy rate.

    RESULTS: Women with advanced endometriosis had a lower oocyte yield, less good quality day-3 embryos and lower clinical pregnancy rate compared with the mild endometriosis. However, higher fertilisation rate were recorded in advanced stage endometriosis compared to milder disease.

    CONCLUSIONS: The rASRM classification of endometriosis is valuable in predicting IVF outcome as advanced endometriosis performs poorly compared to a milder disease. Highly purified hMG could be an alternative as an ovarian stimulation in endometriosis.

  4. Chew KT, Salim N, Abu MA, Abdul Karim AK
    BMJ Sex Reprod Health, 2018 Jun 01.
    PMID: 29972367 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2017-101869
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) are an important method to reduce unmet need for family planning and for prevention of unintended pregnancy. However, IUD use in Malaysia is still low. Doctors play a major role in influencing IUD uptake among women. This study was designed to evaluate doctors' knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards IUDs and factors associated with their current practice.

    METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to public and private contraceptive providers who practise in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

    RESULTS: A total of 400 doctors were invited and 240 (60%) of them responded to the survey. Of the respondents, 161 (65.9%) were from the public or government sector and 89 (34.1%) were from the private sector. The knowledge score of doctors was classed as 'average', and correlated well with their previous training level, working position, number of patients seen in a week and number of contraceptive methods available in their facilities. The age, gender, working duration, availability of IUDs in the premises and number of IUD insertions in a month were not statistically associated with the providers' knowledge. The use of IUDs was low, especially among private doctors, and was significantly related to their knowledge of the method. Knowledge scores, perception and practice were significantly lower in the private sector.

  5. Nor Azlin MI, Abd Rahman R, Abdul Karim AK, Sulaiman AS, Mahdy ZA
    J Obstet Gynaecol, 2013 Aug;33(6):631-2.
    PMID: 23919870 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.807781
  6. Hassan CH, Karim AK, Ismail NA, Omar MH
    Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove), 2011;54(3):125-6.
    PMID: 22250483
    Ruptured pregnancy in the rudimentary horn of women who have had a vaginal delivery is rare and unpredictable. However, when undiagnosed, this condition could lead to maternal morbidity and mortality. We report a pregnancy at 19 weeks gestation presented with acute abdomen and hypovolemic shock. She was initially thought to have an intrauterine pregnancy with the provisional diagnosis of a ruptured uterus. Intraoperatively, a ruptured non-communicating right rudimentary horn with ex utero pregnancy was discovered.
  7. Kwang NB, Mahayudin T, Yien HL, Abdul Karim AK, Teik CK, Shan LP
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2016;17(1):267-74.
    PMID: 26838222
    BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Studies evaluating the effect of health education on knowledge and perception of cervical cancer have generated conflicting results. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational intervention towards knowledge of HPV vacccination for cervical cancer prevention among pre-university students in Malaysia.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an experimental before and after study performed between October 2014 and March 2015. Five hundred and eighty students were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. All were required to complete both pre-intervention and post-intervention questionnaires. Those in the intervention group were given an information leaflet to read before answering the post-intervention questionnaire.

    RESULTS: Almost half (48.3%) of the students had poor knowledge, with a score less than 5, and only 51 (8.8%) exhibited good knowledge, with a score of 11 and above. After educational intervention, the number of students with poor knowledge was reduced to 177 (29.3%) and the number of students who exhibited good knowledge increased to 148 (25.5%). Students from the intervention group demonstrated significant higher total scores in knowledge regarding 'HPV infection and cervical cancer' (p=0.000) and 'HPV vaccination and cervical cancer prevention' (p=0.000) during post-intervention as compared to the control group.

    CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge on HPV infection and vaccination is low among pre-university students. Educational intervention in the form of information leaflets appears effective in creating awareness and improving knowledge.

  8. Ng BK, Lim PS, Ahmad S, Kampan NC, Abdul Karim AK, Omar MH
    Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol, 2015 Apr;54(2):208-10.
    PMID: 25951734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2014.11.022
  9. Chua AC, Abdul Karim AK, Tan ACC, Abu MA, Ahmad MF
    Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig, 2021 Jun 14;42(4):367-372.
    PMID: 34118795 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2020-0089
    OBJECTIVES: The male-factor subfertility was reported to be 30% globally; thus, the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedure was implemented to improve the overall in vitro fertilization (IVF) rates. Nevertheless, at least 10% of fertilization failure still occurs. Concerning this issue, we explored the association of sperm concentration and motility with the quality of embryo development and pregnancy outcome in IVF-ICSI cycles.

    METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 109 couples with male factor were done over 14 months in a tertiary university hospital in Malaysia. The data were divided into four groups; Group I: normal sperm parameters, Group II: normal sperm concentration but reduced total sperm motility, Group III: reduced sperm concentration and motility, Group IV: reduced sperm concentration but normal sperm motility. Only fresh semen samples and fresh embryo transfers were included. The fertilization, cleavage rate, embryo quality and pregnancy outcome were assessed.

    RESULTS: Overall, group I had the highest oocytes yield and ICSI attempted; (10.12 + 6.50), whereas the lowest was in group IV; (7.00 + 2.82). Group II revealed the highest fertilization and cleavage rates; (54.14 + 25.36), (55.16 + 26.06), thus not surprisingly resulting in the highest number of good embryos and highest clinical pregnancy rates. The lowest cleavage and pregnancy rates were seen in group IV. However, all the outcomes were not statically significant (p>0.05).

    CONCLUSIONS: Similar fertilization rate and comparable pregnancy outcome was seen among couples with normal and reduced sperm concentration and motility.

  10. Harbhajan Singh JS, Ahmad MF, Abu MA, Omar MH, Abdul Karim AK
    Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig, 2021 Jul 29;42(4):389-393.
    PMID: 34323055 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0002
    OBJECTIVES: The role of air bubbles in bracketing the embryo-containing medium in inner catheter during embryo transfer (ET) has already been established. However, the role of air bubbles in outer catheter (OC) during implantation is yet to be determined. This study aimed to compare the implantation rates between women who have undergone ET with or without ASP (Vitrolife®; Sweden), a medium use for oocyte retrieval and rinsing in OC embryo catheter. The purpose of introducing the ASP medium to the OC was to eliminate air bubbles in that space during implantation.

    METHODS: A total of 312 women were randomly divided into two groups with 156 participants each group. In Group A, ASP medium was used during ET, whereas in Group B, no ASP medium was utilized. Positive implantation was defined as serum beta-hCG level >5 mIU/mL taken on the 7th day following ET.

    RESULTS: The average age of the majority of the participants was 30-39 years and had at least 4-5 years of subfertility. The unexplained subfertility was the prominent cause of ET failure in both groups. In most of the participants in both groups, ET was done using fresh embryo cycles with good to excellent embryo grades. After the ASP medium was manipulated in the OC in both groups, the positive implantation rate was not different in both groups (p>0.05).

    CONCLUSIONS: The elimination of air bubbles in OC by using the ASP medium during ET did not confer an additional benefit nor exert a negative impact on implantation rate.

  11. Abu MA, Borhan AS, Abdul Karim AK, Ahmad MF, Mahdy ZA
    Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig, 2020 Dec 14;42(1):49-56.
    PMID: 33781008 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2020-0034
    OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of Iberet Folic® and Zincofer® on haemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin level; and its adverse effect.

    METHODS: This randomised controlled trial conducted from January 2018 until December 2018. Pregnant women below 34 weeks of gestation, with Hb concentration less than 11 g/dL and serum ferritin level less than 12 ug/L were randomised to receive either one tablet Zincofer® or one tablet Iberet Folate® daily for four weeks. Both groups were compared in terms of effect on Hb level, serum ferritin level, and other haematological indices adverse effect related to treatment, and treatment cost.

    RESULTS: Hundred and thirty patients were recruited in this study with 68 patients in Iberet Folic group and 62 patients in Zincofer group. The change in the Hb and serum ferritin level from baseline to day 30 did not differ significantly between treatment groups. The mean (±SD) change from baseline to day 30 was 2.15 (±0.59) g/dL in the Iberet Folic group, and 1.98 (±0.49) in the Zincofer (p value = 0.08). Mean serum ferritin at day 30 was 17.2 (±3.68) ug/L and 16.7 (±4.28) ug/L with 8.44 (±3.41) and 8.55 (±3.50) difference, respectively (p = 0.86). Adverse events were comparable in between groups, with p value >0.05. GI intolerance and constipation were among the common side effects, occurred in 34.6 and 29.2% cases, respectively.

    CONCLUSIONS: Zincofer® offers equivalent efficacy and side effect profile in comparison with Iberet Folic® for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) during pregnancy, but with lower cost.

  12. Ahmad SM, Mat Jin N, Ahmad MF, Abdul Karim AK, Abu MA
    Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig, 2023 Dec 01;44(4):379-384.
    PMID: 38124670 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0087
    OBJECTIVES: Unexplained subfertility (UEI) describes a couple whose standard subfertility workout consider acceptable but unable to conceived.

    METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in the Advanced Reproductive Centre, UKM Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, from January 2016 to December 2019. The data of 268 UEI couples were obtained from the clinical database. Women aged 21-45 years old was included and further divided into four groups according to the female partner's age and subfertility duration: group A (age <35 years and subfertility <2 years), group B (age <35 years and subfertility >2 years), group C (age >35 years and subfertility <2 years), and group D (age >35 years and subfertility <2 years). All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 22.0 for Windows.

    RESULTS: A total of 255 cases were included in this study. The mean age of the women was 32.9 ± 4.04 years, and the mean subfertility duration was 5.04 ± 2.9 years. A total of 51 (20 %) cases underwent timed sexual intercourse, 147 (57.6 %) cases had intrauterine insemination (IUI), whereas 57 (22.4 %) cases opted for in vitro fertilization (IVF). A total of 204 cases underwent active management (IUI/IVF), which showed a significant difference (p<0.05). Out of eight clinical pregnancies, half of them were from group B.

    CONCLUSIONS: Active management in younger women with a shorter subfertility duration revealed a better pregnancy outcome. Otherwise, individualized treatment should be considered in selecting a suitable treatment plan.

  13. Abdul Karim AK, Abd Aziz NH, Md Zin RR, Mohd Mokhtar N, Shafiee MN
    Malays J Med Sci, 2020 Dec;27(6):7-14.
    PMID: 33447130 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.6.2
    Endometriosis is an inflammatory condition characterised by the presence of endometrial growth beyond the uterine cavity. It is a debilitating disease requiring multiple modalities of treatment. In considering surgery as the option of treatment, the benefits should outweigh the risk. Besides direct surgical risk, intervention may lead to a reduction of ovarian reserve, in addition to premature menopause and low fecundity. To date, there is an inconclusive evidence to support any specific parameters in monitoring disease progression following surgical intervention. Serum cancer antigen (CA)-125 is expressed by coelomic epithelium and has been extensively studied as a biomarker for endometriosis. Elevated expression of CA-125 has been shown in endometrial tissues and the marker increased indirectly from peritoneal irritation that accompanies an extensive form of endometriosis. Additionally, the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores have been used as an objective measurement for measuring pain, especially in a complex disease such as endometriosis. This review aims to consolidate a series of clinical trials that utilised CA-125 level and VAS score as tools for monitoring patients undergoing surgery for endometriosis.
  14. Abdul Karim AK, Azrai Abu M, Ahmad MF, Mat Jin N, Suharjono HN
    Malays J Med Sci, 2021 Oct;28(5):34-41.
    PMID: 35115885 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.5.3
    The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the community at large. It has affected almost everyone and every aspect of social, economic and educational activities. Training in reproductive medicine has not been spared, as training in this field requires a combination of clinical interaction with patients, procedural experience, constant discussions and the element of research. The changes to numbers of new infections or active cases dictate the restrictions placed on the community and health care services alike. At the beginning of the pandemic, both the patients' fear of going to a health care facility and movement restrictions had caused a significant reduction in the number of COVID-19 cases. Furthermore, the Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia's recommendation to withhold all non-essential medical services, including those related to reproductive medicine, falls under this category. Therefore, it could negatively impact the quality of training and lead to an extension of training duration in reproductive medicine. Thus, the procedural experience could be supplemented with simulator training, teleconsultation could replace standard clinic sessions and online meeting platforms could replace routine academic meetings. Any modifications must be adaptable or flexible, as similar infectious pandemics and restrictions could recur from time to time.
  15. Nor Azlin MI, Maisarah AS, Rahana AR, Shafiee MN, Aqmar Suraya S, Abdul Karim AK, et al.
    J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015 Jan;35(1):13-5.
    PMID: 24987985 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2014.930108
    Reduced fetal movement is a worrisome common complaint, not only for mothers but also for the attending medical personnel. The aim of this study was to analyse the pregnancy outcomes of women who presented primarily with reduced fetal movements (RFM). A retrospective study was performed based on patients' perception alone. Obstetric, past medical history, current presentation and outcomes of pregnancy were analysed. A total of 230 case notes were reviewed, with the majority being primigravidae. Less than half (48.7%) of the women had spontaneous labour, 45.7% had induction and 5.6% had elective caesarean section. There were no maternal complications in 97.4% (n = 224) of them. About 0.9% (n = 2) and 1.7% (n = 4) had primary postpartum haemorrhage and extended perineal tear, respectively. Although there was no major neonatal mortality and morbidity, until a randomised trial with a significant sample is conducted in the management of RFM, careful selections for elective delivery or conservative management would prevent untoward complications.
  16. Abdul Karim AK, Azrai Abu M, Chelliah B, Mohd Razi ZR, Omar MH, Othman H, et al.
    Minerva Ginecol, 2017 Oct;69(5):431-437.
    PMID: 28447444 DOI: 10.23736/S0026-4784.17.04069-2
    BACKGROUND: We conducted a study to evaluate the changes in thyroid function during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and its association with the outcome of assisted reproductive technique (ART).

    METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study done in University Hospital Fertility Clinic for one year duration. A total of 88 euthyroid women who underwent COH as part of planned in-vitro fertilization (IVF) were invited to participate in this study. Serum thyroid function of each women will be monitored before stimulation (T1), day 10-13 of cycle (T2), during oocyte retrieval (T3), one week following embryo transfer (T4), and at four weeks after embryo transfer (T5). Reproductive outcome of IVF will be observed and documented.

    RESULTS: Nine women had ongoing singleton pregnancy, seven suffered from miscarriage, while the rest had implantation failure. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) increased throughout stimulation, peaking at 32-36 hours after hCG administration compared to baseline (1.250 vs. 1.740 mIU/L and 13.94 vs. 15.25 pmol/L). It remains elevated until one week following embryo transfer. The increment of serum TSH exceeded the upper limit, acceptable for first trimester (<1.60 mIU/L). However, the evolution of serum TSH and fT4 did not significantly differ with pregnancy outcome.

    CONCLUSIONS: In euthyroid women, thyroid function changed significantly during COH, but these changes were not different between the three reproductive outcomes. Thus, we do not suggest continuous thyroid function monitoring during COH.

  17. Abdul Karim AK, Shafiee MN, Abd Aziz NH, Omar MH, Abdul Ghani NA, Lim PS, et al.
    Gynecol Endocrinol, 2019 Jan;35(1):10-16.
    PMID: 30044157 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1490404
    Endometriosis is a benign, chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the presence and growth of endometrial implants outside the uterine cavity. The cause of endometriosis is multifactorial. It is due to the diversity of hypothesis and plausibility of hormonal alterations which could play a major role. Evidence has shown that progesterone resistance is a key factor for endometriosis sufferers. Medical therapy can avoid surgical intervention, which may lead to a reduced in ovarian reserve, and its effects of earlier menopause and reduced fecundity. Progesterone receptor isoform has provided new insight as the potential treatment. Progestin, anti-progestin and selective progesterone receptor modulators usage, which target these receptors, could avoid hypo-estrogenic side effects, which can be debilitating. Numerous types of these medications have been used on and off labeled to treat endometriosis with varying success. This review aims to consolidate series of clinical trials using progestins in endometriosis.
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