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Fulltext N-(4-Methyl-phen-yl)-3-nitro-pyridin-2-amine

Aznan Akhmad MA, Abdullah Z, Fairuz ZA, Ng SW, Tiekink ER

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 9):o2400.

PMID: 21588732 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810033040

Two independent mol-ecules comprise the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(12)H(11)N(3)O(2). These differ in terms of the relative orientations of the benzene rings as seen in the respective dihedral angles formed between the pyridine and benzene rings [17.42 (16) and 34.64 (16)°]. Both mol-ecules are twisted about the amine-tolyl N-C bonds [respective torsion angles = 22.3 (5) and 35.9 (5)°] but only about the amine-pyridine N-C bond in the first independent mol-ecule [respective torsion angles = -11.7 (5) and 0.8 (5)°]. Intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds preclude the amine H atoms from forming significant inter-molecular inter-actions. The crystal packing features inter-molecular C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π and π-π [centroid-centroid distance: pyridine-benzene = 3.6442 (19) Å and pyridine-pyridine = 3.722 (2) Å] contacts.

Fulltext 2-(3-Nitro-phen-oxy)quinoxaline

Hassan ND, Abdullah Z, Tajuddin HA, Fairuz ZA, Ng SW, Tiekink ER

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 9):o2429.

PMID: 21588753 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810034100

In the title mol-ecule, C(14)H(9)N(3)O(3), the dihedral angle between the quinoxaline and benzene rings is 77.13 (9)°. The mol-ecule is twisted about the ether-benzene O-C bond, with a C-O-C-C torsion angle of -102.8 (2)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers in the ab plane, with one nitro O atom accepting two such inter-actions. The layers stack along the c-axis direction via weak C-H⋯π inter-actions.

Fulltext 2-(4-Meth-oxy-phen-oxy)-3-nitro-pyridine

Nasir SB, Abdullah Z, Fairuz ZA, Ng SW, Tiekink ER

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 9):o2428.

PMID: 21588752 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810034057

In the title mol-ecule, C(12)H(10)N(2)O(4), the pyridine and benzene rings are almost orthogonal [dihedral angle = 86.69 (11)°], with the pyridine N atom directed towards the centre of the benzene ring. The -NO(2) [O-N-C-C = -26.1 (3)°] and -OMe [C-O-C-C = 166.5 (2)°] substituents are not coplanar with their respective aromatic rings. In the crystal, supra-molecular layers in the ab plane are formed via C-H⋯π inter-actions involving methyl H atoms and the pyridine and benzene rings. Short N-O⋯π contacts (where the π-system is derived from the pyridine ring) occur between layers in the c-axis direction.

Fulltext N-(3-Methyl-phen-yl)quinoxalin-2-amine monohydrate

Idris A, Abdullah Z, Ariffin A, Fairuz ZA, Ng SW, Tiekink ER

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 9):o2276.

PMID: 21588631 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810031260

The quinoxaline system in the title hydrate, C(15)H(13)N(3)·H(2)O, is roughly planar, the r.m.s. deviation for the 18 non-H atoms being 0.188 Å; this conformation features a short intra-molecular C-H⋯N(pyrazine) inter-action. In the crystal, the amine H atom forms an N-H⋯O hydrogen bond to the water mol-ecule, which in turn forms two O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds to the pyrazine N atoms of different organic mol-ecules. These inter-actions lead to supra-molecular arrays in the bc plane that are two mol-ecules thick; additional π-π inter-actions stabilize the layers [ring centroid-centroid distance = 3.5923 (7) Å]. The layers stack along the a-axis direction via C-H⋯π contacts.

Fulltext Tetra-μ-acetato-κO:O'-bis-[(N-ethyl-pyrimidin-2-amine)-copper(II)](Cu-Cu)

Aiyub Z, Badaruddin E, Abdullah Z, Fairuz ZA, Ng SW, Tiekink ER

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 9):m1181.

PMID: 21588567 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810034033

In the centrosymmetric title mol-ecule, [Cu(2)(CH(3)COO)(4)(C(6)H(9)N(3))(2)], each of the four acetate groups bridges a pair of Cu(II) atoms [Cu-Cu = 2.6540 (4) Å]. The distorted octa-hedral geometry of the metal atom is completed by an N-donor atom of the N-ethyl-pyrimidin-2-amine ligand: an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen links its N-H group to an acetate carboxyl-ate O atom. In the crystal, C-H⋯O inter-actions link the mol-ecules into a supra-molecular chain along the b axis.

Fulltext 2-(4-Meth-oxy-phen-oxy)pyrazine

Nasir SB, Abdullah Z, Mainal A, Fairuz ZA, Ng SW, Tiekink ER

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 9):o2303.

PMID: 21588653 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810031946

In the title compound, C(11)H(10)N(2)O(2), the aromatic rings are almost orthogonal to each other [dihedral angle = 86.97 (8)°], with the benzene ring orientated to face one of the pyrazine N atoms. In the crystal, centrosymmetrically related pairs are connected via pairs of C-H⋯π inter-actions and the dimeric units thus formed pack into undulating layers that stack along the a axis.

Fulltext 2-(Pyrimidin-2-yl-oxy)phenol

Nasir SB, Abdullah Z, Fairuz ZA, Ng SW, Tiekink ER

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 9):o2212.

PMID: 21588583 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810030448

The pyrimidine and benzene rings in the title compound, C(10)H(8)N(2)O(2), form a dihedral angle of 71.03 (7)°, with the roughly orthogonal benzene ring being folded towards one of the pyrimidine N atoms. In the crystal, pairs of O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds connect mol-ecules related by twofold symmetry into dimeric aggregates. These associate into a supra-molecular chain propagating along the b axis by way of C-H⋯π contacts. The chains are cross-linked by π-π inter-actions that occur between pyrimidine rings [ring centroid-centroid distances = 3.5393 (9) and 3.5697 (9) Å].

Fulltext Tetra-μ-acetato-κO:O'-bis-{[N-(4-chloro-phen-yl)-4-methyl-pyridin-2-amine-κN]copper(II)}

Fairuz ZA, Aiyub Z, Abdullah Z, Ng SW, Tiekink ER

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 9):m1049-50.

PMID: 21588477 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810030187

In the crystal structure of the title complex, [Cu(2)(CH(3)COO)(4)(C(12)H(11)ClN(2))(2)], the complete binuclear mol-ecule is generated by a crystallographic centre of inversion; the four acetate groups each bridge a pair of Cu(II) atoms. The coordination of the metal atom is distorted octa-hedral within a donor set defined by four O atoms, the heterocyclic N atom and the second Cu atom. The pyridine ring is twisted with respect to the benzene ring, forming a dihedral angle of 33.9 (2)°. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond is present between the amino group and a carboxyl O atom. Inter-molecular inter-actions of the C-H⋯π type link mol-ecules in the crystal structure.

Fulltext Tetra-μ-acetato-κO:O'-bis-{[4-methyl-N-(4-methyl-phen-yl)pyridin-2-amine-κN]copper(II)}

Fairuz ZA, Aiyub Z, Abdullah Z, Ng SW, Tiekink ER

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 9):m1077-8.

PMID: 21588497 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810031168

The title complex, [Cu(2)(CH(3)COO)(4)(C(13)H(14)N(2))(2)], features a binuclear mol-ecule, which lies about a crystallographic centre of inversion; the four acetate ions each bridge a pair of Cu(II) atoms. The coordination of the metal atom is distorted octa-hedral within a donor set defined by four O atoms, the heterocyclic N atom and the second Cu atom. The pyridine ring is twisted with respect to the tolyl ring and forms a dihedral angle of 35.34 (9)°. A bifurcated N-H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bond is present, linking the amine group to two carboxyl-ate O atoms derived from different acetate ions. In the crystal, C-H⋯π inter-actions link mol-ecules into a supra-molecular array in the bc plane.

Fulltext 2-(3-Meth-oxy-phen-oxy)pyrimidine

Nasir SB, Abdullah Z, Fairuz ZA, Ng SW, Tiekink ER

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 8):o2187.

PMID: 21588464 DOI: 10.1107/S160053681003014X

In the title compound, C(11)H(10)N(2)O(2), the benzene ring faces towards one of the pyrimidine N atoms, and is almost orthogonal to the plane through the pyrimidine ring [dihedral angle = 84.40 (14)°]. In the crystal, the presence of C-H⋯π and π-π [centroid-centroid separation = 3.7658 (18) Å] inter-actions leads to a supra-molecular array in the ac plane. The layers thus formed inter-digitate along the b axis.

Fulltext N-(4-Chloro-phen-yl)-4-methyl-pyridin-2-amine

Fairuz ZA, Aiyub Z, Abdullah Z, Ng SW, Tiekink ER

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 8):o2186.

PMID: 21588463 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810030138

In the title compound, C(12)H(11)ClN(2), the dihedral angle between the benzene and pyridyl rings is 48.03 (8)°. Twists are also evident in the mol-ecule, in particular about the N(a)-C(b) (a = amine and b = benzene) bond [C-N-C-C = -144.79 (18)°]. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds result in the formation of eight-membered {⋯NCNH}(2) synthons [or R(2) (2)(8) loops].

Fulltext Ocular manifestation of vitamin A deficiency among Orang asli (Aborigine) children in Malaysia

Ngah NF, Moktar N, Isa NH, Selvara S, Yusof MS, Sani HA, et al.

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2002;11(2):88-91.

PMID: 12074186

This study determined the prevalence of ocular manifestation of vitamin A deficiency in Orang Asli (Aborigine) children. Night blindness was found in 16.0% of the children, conjunctiva xerosis in 57.3%, Bitot's spot in 2.8%, corneal xerosis in 0.5% and corneal scars in 5.6%. These findings show that history of night blindness had sensitivity, specificity and predictive value (positive) of 47.2, 98.1 and 96.2%, respectively, compared with the standard diagnosis procedure using luxometer readings.

Fulltext Supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia: who will benefit?

Zainal A, Goh BS, Mohamed AS

Asian J Surg, 2011 Apr;34(2):92-6.

PMID: 21723473 DOI: 10.1016/S1015-9584(11)60026-2

Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of neonatal and infantile stridor. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of surgical intervention in children with laryngomalacia.

Prospective study to determine the effect of intermittent pneumatic foot and calf compression on popliteal artery peak systolic blood flow

Mokhtar S, Azizi ZA, Govindarajanthran N

Asian J Surg, 2008 Jul;31(3):124-9.

PMID: 18658010

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of posture and also intermittent foot and calf compression on peak systolic flow of the popliteal artery in a normal population.

METHODS: This was a prospective study carried out in normal subjects at the Vascular Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, from March 2006 to September 2006. The study compared the popliteal artery blood flow during change of posture from the horizontal (supine) to the sitting position and the effect of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) of the foot and calf on popliteal artery blood flow immediately and 10 minutes after cessation of compression.

RESULTS: A total of 15 subjects involving 30 limbs were examined in this study. On comparing flows between the horizontal and sitting position, there was a mean reduction in blood flow of 23% (p < 0.005). Immediately after compression of the foot and calf, there was an increase in blood flow of between 4% and 35% with a mean of 15% (p < 0.05). Peak systolic flows at 10 minutes postcompression were 536 +/- 95 mL/min, which was still significantly higher than precompression measurements.

CONCLUSION: There is a significant reduction in popliteal artery blood flow on changing from the supine to the sitting position. Popliteal artery blood flow is higher than baseline after 15 minutes of intermittent pneumatic foot and calf compression. The increase in popliteal artery blood flow is still present 10 minutes after cessation of IPC.

Fulltext Tuberculous aortic pseudoaneurysm treated with in situ silver-impregnated vascular inlay graft

Hussein H, Azizi ZA

Asian J Surg, 2008 Apr;31(2):87-9.

PMID: 18490221 DOI: 10.1016/S1015-9584(08)60064-0

A 62-year-old man presented with continuous, persistent backache shortly after completion of antituberculosis medication for tuberculosis (TB) of the spine. Computed tomography scan revealed a pseudoaneurysm involving the infrarenal aorta. He was restarted on anti-TB medication and underwent repair of the pseudoaneurysm with an in situ silver-coated bifurcated Dacron graft. His postoperative recovery was uneventful and he remained well up to 12 months of follow up. To our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature where an in situ silver-impregnated vascular graft has been successfully used in treating a tuberculous pseudoaneurysm.

Fulltext Serum lipoprotein(a) levels in patients with atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease in Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Hakim NA, Hafizan MT, Baizurah MH, Zainal AA

Asian J Surg, 2008 Jan;31(1):11-5.

PMID: 18334463 DOI: 10.1016/S1015-9584(08)60048-2

The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of patients with atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease (PVD) who had elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels, as well as to determine the latter's significance as a risk factor for PVD in the local population.

Fulltext Using a patient decision aid for insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a qualitative analysis of doctor-patient conversations in primary care consultations in Malaysia

Syed A, Mohd Don Z, Ng CJ, Lee YK, Khoo EM, Lee PY, et al.

BMJ Open, 2017 05 09;7(5):e014260.

PMID: 28490553 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014260

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the use of apatient decision aid (PDA) for insulin initiation fulfils its purpose of facilitating patient-centred decision-making through identifying how doctors and patients interact when using the PDA during primary care consultations.
DESIGN: Conversation analysis of seven single cases of audio-recorded/video-recorded consultations between doctors and patients with type 2 diabetes, using a PDA on starting insulin.
SETTING: Primary care in three healthcare settings: (1) one private clinic; (2) two public community clinics and (3) one primary care clinic in a public university hospital, in Negeri Sembilan and the Klang Valley in Malaysia.
PARTICIPANTS: Clinicians and seven patients with type 2 diabetes to whom insulin had been recommended. Purposive sampling was used to select a sample high in variance across healthcare settings, participant demographics and perspectives on insulin.
PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Interaction between doctors and patients in a clinical consultation involving the use of a PDA about starting insulin.
RESULTS: Doctors brought the PDA into the conversation mainly by asking information-focused 'yes/no' questions, and used the PDA for information exchange only if patients said they had not read it. While their contributions were limited by doctors' questions, some patients disclosed issues or concerns. Although doctors' PDA-related questions acted as a presequence to deliberation on starting insulin, their interactional practices raised questions on whether patients were informed and their preferences prioritised.
CONCLUSIONS: Interactional practices can hinder effective PDA implementation, with habits from ordinary conversation potentially influencing doctors' practices and complicating their implementation of patient-centred decision-making. Effective interaction should therefore be emphasised in the design and delivery of PDAs and in training clinicians to use them.

Transgenic oil palm: production and projection

Parveez GK, Masri MM, Zainal A, Majid NA, Yunus AM, Fadilah HH, et al.

Biochem Soc Trans, 2000 Dec;28(6):969-72.

PMID: 11171275

Oil palm is an important economic crop for Malaysia. Genetic engineering could be applied to produce transgenic oil palms with high value-added fatty acids and novel products to ensure the sustainability of the palm oil industry. Establishment of a reliable transformation and regeneration system is essential for genetic engineering. Biolistic was initially chosen as the method for oil palm transformation as it has been the most successful method for monocotyledons to date. Optimization of physical and biological parameters, including testing of promoters and selective agents, was carried out as a prerequisite for stable transformation. This has resulted in the successful transfer of reporter genes into oil palm and the regeneration of transgenic oil palm, thus making it possible to improve the oil palm through genetic engineering. Besides application of the Biolistics method, studies on transformation mediated by Agrobacterium and utilization of the green fluorescent protein gene as a selectable marker gene have been initiated. Upon the development of a reliable transformation system, a number of useful targets are being projected for oil palm improvement. Among these targets are high-oleate and high-stearate oils, and the production of industrial feedstock such as biodegradable plastics. The efforts in oil palm genetic engineering are thus not targeted as commodity palm oil. Due to the long life cycle of the palm and the time taken to regenerate plants in tissue culture, it is envisaged that commercial planting of transgenic palms will not occur any earlier than the year 2020.

Frequencies of A(TA)7TAA, G71R, and G493R mutations of the UGT1A1 gene in the Malaysian population

Yusoff S, Van Rostenberghe H, Yusoff NM, Talib NA, Ramli N, Ismail NZ, et al.

Biol. Neonate, 2006;89(3):171-6.

PMID: 16210851

Gilbert syndrome is caused by defects in the uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene. These mutations differ among different populations and many of them have been found to be genetic risk factors for the development of neonatal jaundice.

Effect of type and concentration of antioxidant on sperm motility, viability, and DNA integrity of climbing perch Anabas testudineus Bloch, 1792 (Pisces: Anabantidae) post-cryopreservation

Maulida S, Eriani K, Fadli N, Siti-Azizah MN, Kocabas FK, Kocabas M, et al.

Cryobiology, 2024 Mar;114:104851.

PMID: 38237749 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104851

Sperm quality is preserved through the crucial involvement of antioxidants, which play a vital role in minimizing the occurrence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the cryopreservation process. The suitability of the type and concentration of antioxidants are species-dependent, and this study is crucial in order to improve the quality of the climbing perch sperm post-cryopreservation. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the best type and concentration of antioxidants for cryopreservation of climbing perch Anabas testudineus sperm. To achieve this, 6 types of antioxidants, namely, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, glutathione, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), myo-inositol, and alpha-tocopherol, with inclusion of a control were tested in 3 replications at three concentration levels of 0 mg/L (control), 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, and 60 mg/L. Sperm was diluted in a glucose-base extender at a ratio of 1:60 (sperm: glucose base), then 10 % DMSO and 5 % egg yolk was added before cryopreservation for two weeks. The results showed that the type and concentration of antioxidants had a significant effect on the motility and viability of cryopreserved climbing perch sperm (P

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