MyMedR

A rare case of minimally invasive follicular thyroid cancer with intraluminal superior vena cava and right atrium metastases

Khoo ACH, Chen SL

World J Nucl Med, 2019 9 14;18(3):301-303.

PMID: 31516376 DOI: 10.4103/wjnm.WJNM_43_18

Follicular thyroid cancers are known to spread hematogenously to the bones and lungs and rarely presenting with massive angioinvasion. We report a case of a middle-aged female who had undergone total thyroidectomy for minimally invasive follicular thyroid cancer with angioinvasion in 2014. She was noted to have a large tumor thrombus extending from the superior vena cava to the right atrium on whole body scan post-Iodine-131 (131I) remnant ablation therapy. We discuss the various imaging modalities, treatment options, and difficulties in managing such massive angioinvasion in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancers.

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma, Follicular

Analysis of differentially expressed proteins in cancerous and normal colonic tissues

Gam LH, Leow CH, Man CN, Gooi BH, Singh M

World J Gastroenterol, 2006 Aug 21;12(31):4973-80.

PMID: 16937492

AIM: To identify and analyze the differentially expressed proteins in normal and cancerous tissues of four patients suffering from colon cancer.

METHODS: Colon tissues (normal and cancerous) were homogenized and the proteins were extracted using three protein extraction buffers. The extraction buffers were used in an orderly sequence of increasing extraction strength for proteins with hydrophobic properties. The protein extracts were separated using the SDS-PAGE method and the images were captured and analyzed using Quantity One software. The target protein bands were subjected to in-gel digestion with trypsin and finally analyzed using an ESI-ion trap mass spectrometer.

RESULTS: A total of 50 differentially expressed proteins in colonic cancerous and normal tissues were identified.

CONCLUSION: Many of the identified proteins have been reported to be involved in the progression of similar or other types of cancers. However, some of the identified proteins have not been reported before. In addition, a number of hypothetical proteins were also identified.

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/metabolism

Primary Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Rare Entity

Karikalan B, Pasupati T, George SM

West Afr J Med, 2021 Jun 26;38(6):604-606.

PMID: 34180217

Adenocarcinoma constitutes around 0.5 to 2% of all neoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder, out of which, the mucinous variant is seen on rare occasions. Intestinal metaplasia resulting from nephrolithiasis, chronic inflammation and hydronephrosis could be the precursor lesion. Bladder exstrophy and remnants of the urachus are considered as other possible risk factors. The tumour prefers patients who are over 50 years. Hematuria, difficult voiding and suprapubic pain are the most common presenting symptoms. The tumour has a very bad prognosis and is poorly responsive to chemo and radiotherapy and hence surgery is the treatment of choice. Hence early diagnosis is of paramount importance. While managing adenocarcinoma of the bladder, it is important to rule out any possibility of a metastatic lesion that could have come from other organs where mucinous adenocarcinoma is more common.

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma*; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous*

Fulltext K-Ras Peptide Mimotope Induces Antigen Specific Th1 and B-Cell Immune Responses against G12A-Mutated K-Ras Antigen in Balb/c Mice

Siak PY, Wong KY, Song AA, Rahim RA, In LLA

Vaccines (Basel), 2021 Feb 26;9(3).

PMID: 33652552 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030195

KRAS G12A somatic point mutation in adenocarcinomas is categorized clinically as ineligibility criteria for anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody therapies. In this study, a modified G12A-K-ras epitope (139A) with sequence-specific modifications to improve immunogenicity was developed as a potential vaccine against G12A-mutant KRAS cancers. Additionally, coupling of the 139A epitope with a tetanus toxoid (TTD) universal T-cell epitope to improve antigenicity was also reported. To facilitate convenient oral administration, Lactococcus lactis, which possesses innate immunomodulatory properties, was chosen as a live gastrointestinal delivery vehicle. Recombinant L. lactis strains secreting a G12A mutated K-ras control and 139A with and without TTD fusion were generated for comparative immunogenicity assessment. BALB/c mice were immunized orally, and high survivability of L. lactis passage through the gastrointestinal tract was observed. Elevations in B-cell count with a concomitant titre of antigen-specific IgG and interferon-γ secreting T-cells were observed in the 139A treated mice group. Interestingly, an even higher antigen-specific IgA response and interferon-γ secreting T-cell counts were observed in 139A-TTD mice group upon re-stimulation with the G12A mutated K-ras antigen. Collectively, these results indicated that an antigen-specific immune response was successfully stimulated by 139A-TTD vaccine, and a TTD fusion was successful in further enhancing the immune responses.

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma

γ-Synuclein confers both pro-invasive and doxorubicin-mediated pro-apoptotic properties to the colon adenocarcinoma LS 174T cell line

Goh KW, Say YH

Tumour Biol., 2015 Sep;36(10):7947-60.

PMID: 25956278 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3455-6

γ-synuclein, a neuronal protein of the synuclein family, is involved in carcinogenesis. To investigate its role in colorectal cancer carcinogenesis, we overexpressed γ-synuclein in LS 174T colon adenocarcinoma cell line (termed LS 174T-γsyn). When compared with untransfected/mock transfectants, LS 174T-γsyn had higher mobility in scratch wound assay, tend to scatter more in cell-scattering assay, and had enhanced lamellipodia and filopodia formation in cell-spreading assay. Enhanced adhesion of LS 174T-γsyn to fibronectin and collagen and significantly higher proliferation rate showed that γ-synuclein was able to increase extracellular matrix interaction and promoted proliferation of LS 174T. Higher invasiveness of LS 174T-γsyn was evidenced by enhanced invasion to the bottom of the basement membrane in Boyden chamber assay. However, LS 174T-γsyn were significantly more vulnerable to doxorubicin, vincristine and hydrogen peroxide insults, via apoptotic cell death. LS 174T-γsyn also had reduced anchorage-independent growth as shown by reduced colony formation and reduced anoikis resistance. We found that overexpression of γ-synuclein confers both pro-invasive and doxorubicin-mediated pro-apoptotic properties to LS 174T, where the former was mediated through enhanced cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, while the latter involved hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) downregulation and subsequent downstream signalling pathways possibly involving extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2, p38α, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pan and Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs). This unexpected contrasting finding as compared to other similar studies on colon cancer cell lines might be correlated with the degree of tumour advancement from which the cell lines were derived from.

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy; Adenocarcinoma/metabolism; Adenocarcinoma/pathology*

Lung cancer in Malaysia

Menon MA, Saw HS

Thorax, 1979 Apr;34(2):269-73.

PMID: 225839

Between 1967 and 1976, 388 cases of lung cancer were seen at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, with histological confirmation in 72%. Most were aged from 50--80, with a male to female ratio of 2.8 : 1. The patients were predominantly of Chinese origin (82%) and from the lower socioeconomic strata. A history of smoking was elicited in 78%. The chief clinical and radiological features and the diagnostic methods are presented. The incidence of the histological types was squamous carcinoma 34%, adenocarcinoma 25%, large cell carcinoma 12%, small (oat) cell carcinoma 12%, "unidifferentiated/anaplastic" 15%, and others 2%. Malays appeared to have a higher percentage of adenocarcinoma. A comparison between the histologically confirmed group and the rest showed no significant difference in features. Problems pertaining to the management of Malaysian patients are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology

Racial incidence of carcinoma of the bronchus in Malaya

Snelling MR, Chooi MUN KAM

Thorax, 1966 Sep;21(5):434-6.

PMID: 5969242

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology*

Recent trends in histological pattern of cervical carcinoma among three ethnic groups in Malaysia

Cheah PL, Looi LM, Sivanesaratnam V

J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 1999 Dec;25(6):401-6.

PMID: 10680337

To study the trend of different histological types of cervical carcinoma among the 3 major ethnic groups in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/ethnology*; Adenocarcinoma/pathology

Follow-up of B3 breast lesions without residual microcalcifications post vacuum-assisted biopsy, can contrast-enhanced digital mammography help?

Bicchierai G, Nori J, De Benedetto D, Boeri C, Vanzi E, Bianchi S, et al.

Breast J, 2020 02;26(2):299-302.

PMID: 31486197 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13598

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/pathology

Fulltext ABO blood group alleles and prostate cancer risk: Results from the breast and prostate cancer cohort consortium (BPC3)

Markt SC, Shui IM, Unger RH, Urun Y, Berg CD, Black A, et al.

Prostate, 2015 Nov;75(15):1677-81.

PMID: 26268879 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23035

BACKGROUND: ABO blood group has been associated with risk of cancers of the pancreas, stomach, ovary, kidney, and skin, but has not been evaluated in relation to risk of aggressive prostate cancer.

METHODS: We used three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs8176746, rs505922, and rs8176704) to determine ABO genotype in 2,774 aggressive prostate cancer cases and 4,443 controls from the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate age and study-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between blood type, genotype, and risk of aggressive prostate cancer (Gleason score ≥8 or locally advanced/metastatic disease (stage T3/T4/N1/M1).

RESULTS: We found no association between ABO blood type and risk of aggressive prostate cancer (Type A: OR = 0.97, 95%CI = 0.87-1.08; Type B: OR = 0.92, 95%CI =n0.77-1.09; Type AB: OR = 1.25, 95%CI = 0.98-1.59, compared to Type O, respectively). Similarly, there was no association between "dose" of A or B alleles and aggressive prostate cancer risk.

CONCLUSIONS: ABO blood type was not associated with risk of aggressive prostate cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/genetics*; Adenocarcinoma/pathology

Fulltext Images in clinical medicine. Virchow's node (Troisier's sign)

Loh KY, Yushak AW

N Engl J Med, 2007 Jul 19;357(3):282.

PMID: 17634463 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm063871

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/radiography; Adenocarcinoma/secondary*

Fulltext Airway emergency from spontaneous haemorrhagic thyroid cancer

Vijendren A, Ladha N, Hilger AW

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Aug;69(4):187-8.

PMID: 25500848

Spontaneous thyroid haemorrhages are rare. There are reported cases occurring in thyroid nodules and cysts but none in thyroid malignancies. We describe a 48 year old who presented to the on-call ENT team with a rapidly progressing neck swelling that was interfering with his airway. After resuscitation, the patient underwent a right lobectomy to stop the bleeding. Histology showed a thyroid follicular carcinoma. As per the regional multidisciplinary team discussion, he underwent a completion thyroidectomy followed by radioactive iodine treatment. We conclude that spontaneous haemorrhages of the thyroid gland can occur in malignancies and stress the importance of early histological diagnosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma, Follicular

Fulltext Age and pathology of prostate cancer in South-Southern Nigeria; is there a pattern?

Sapira MK, Obiorah CC

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Aug;67(4):417-9.

PMID: 23082453

Prostate cancer is a common health problem world wide. Age is its strong risk factor.

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/pathology*

Fulltext Cutaneous side-effects of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in the treatment of lung cancer: description and its management

Ong CK, Tan WC, Chan LC, Abdul Razak M

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Apr;67(2):222-3.

PMID: 22822651 MyJurnal

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)--tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) like erlotinib and gefitinib have been approved as monotherapy for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failure of at least one prior chemotherapy regimen. The use of EGFR-TKI is associated with unique and dramatic dermatologic side effects. We report 2 patients with NSCLC developing a typical acneiform (papulo-pustular) eruption shortly after initiation of EGFR-TKI.

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy*

Fulltext Isolated late chest wall recurrence after mastectomy for breast cancer

Azrif M, Saladina JJ, Nani ML, Shahrunniza AS, Norlia A, Rohaizak M

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Aug;66(3):255-6.

PMID: 22111452 MyJurnal

An isolated late chest wall recurrence after mastectomy for breast cancer is rare. We present a case of a lady with a T2N1M0 right breast cancer who developed an isolated local recurrence on the chest wall 11 years after mastectomy. Staging investigations excluded distant metastases. She underwent an excisional biopsy and was started on an aromatase inhibitor. Radiotherapy was given to the chest wall followed by a boost to the site of excision. Although most chest wall recurrences fare poorly, a favourable subgroup can be identified and should be treated aggressively in a multidisciplinary approach.

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/secondary*; Adenocarcinoma/surgery

Fulltext Triple primary cancers of the larynx, lung and thyroid presenting in one patient

Iqbal FR, Sani A, Gendeh BS, Aireen I

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Dec;63(5):417-8.

PMID: 19803306 MyJurnal

Patients with multiple malignant primary tumours are often described, based on their chronology of presentation, as simultaneous, synchronous or metachronous tumours. Lung malignancies presenting in association with head and neck tumours are well documented while there have been small series of thyroid synchronous cancers presenting with laryngeal lesions in literature. No cases, to our knowledge, have been reported in literature of a single patient with all three laryngeal, lung and thyroid malignancies. We report one such case of a 71-year-old Chinese man who had undergone a total laryngectomy for a recurrent cancer of the larynx only to be found to have tumours of the lung and thyroid in the post-operative period and he eventually died of post-operative complications. We also discuss screening for lung and thyroid malignancies in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis*; Adenocarcinoma/surgery

Fulltext Synchronous adenocarcinoma of caecum, transverse colon and jejunum

Leong BD, Ramu P, Kumar VM, Chuah JA

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jun;63(2):148-9.

PMID: 18942304 MyJurnal

Synchronous cancers are defined as malignant tumours that occur simultaneously, each of which must be distinct with no possibility of one being the metastasis of the other. A 65 year old gentleman presented to us with two month history of epigastric pain associated with anaemia, loss of appetite and weight. He has no history of malignancy in his family. Colonoscopy revealed tumours at transverse colon and caecum. Intra-operatively, tumours were sited at caecum, transverse colon and jejunum. Tumours were diagnosed as synchronous adenocarcinoma histopathologically with loss of expression of MLH1 and MSH2. From literature search, this is the first reported triple synchronous tumours of the caecum, transverse colon and jejunum. We believe that this gentleman developed triple synchronous tumour through the sporadic MSI pathway.

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/pathology*

Fulltext Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from chronic perianal fistula

Hisham RB, Sabariah AR, Yunus AG

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Mar;61(1):88-90.

PMID: 16708740 MyJurnal

Perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare tumor which may be associated with long-standing chronic perianal sepsis. Early diagnosis is challenging and is based on a high index of clinical suspicion and specific histological features. Definitive treatment is surgical, in the form of an abdomino-perineal resection. We hereby describe a case of a perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from long-standing recurrent perianal fistula and complement this with a brief review of the literature pertaining in particular to the management of this condition.

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/diagnosis*; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/etiology

Fulltext Review of risk factors associated with the anastomosis leakage in anterior resection in Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Teoh CM, Gunasegaram T, Chan KY, Sukumar N, Sagap I

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Aug;60(3):275-80.

PMID: 16379179 MyJurnal

This is a retrospective study evaluating the risk factors for clinical anastomotic leakage after anterior resection in 64 patients with rectal cancer operated from November 2001 till August 2003. The percentage of anastomosis leakage was higher in those patients with diabetic, low albumin level, neoadjuvant radiotherapy, higher staging, and poorly differentiated tumour. However, these differences were statistically not significant. There was a significant difference (p=0.03) of anastomosis leakage in those patients with very distal tumour of < 4cm from anal verge (42%), when compare to those patients with proximal tumor of > 15cm from anal verge (4.3%). The mortality associated with this complication was 30%. Hence, a surgeon may consider a covering stoma or be more vigilant in operating patients with multiple risk factors.

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology*; Adenocarcinoma/surgery*

Fulltext The use of SPECT-CT improves accuracy of post-radioiodine therapy imaging and changes the management strategy in a case of advanced follicular thyroid carcinoma

Wong TH, Amir Hassan SZ

Med J Malaysia, 2015 Dec;70(6):356-7.

PMID: 26988209

This is a case of follicular thyroid carcinoma with extensive lung, bone and brain metastases. Multi-modality treatments including total thyroidectomy, modified radical neck dissection, cranial radiotherapy and Iodine-131 (RAI) therapy were instituted. Post RAI therapy planar whole body scan showed RAI avid metastases in the skull, cervical spine, bilateral lungs and abdomen. With the use of SPECTCT imaging, rare adrenal metastasis and additional rib metastasis were identified. Besides, management strategy was altered due to detection of non-RAI avid brain and lung metastatic lesions.

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma, Follicular

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