Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 119 in total

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  1. An epidemiological study of cancers in the university hospital: a preliminary report
    Huat LH
    Med J Malaysia, 1979 Sep;34(1):32-7.
    PMID: 542148
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
  2. Fulltext Primary carcinoma and benign tumours of the female breast in Malaysian women
    Chan KE
    Med J Malaysia, 1982 Sep;37(3):217-20.
    PMID: 7177001
    In a 10 year period 1971-1980, the records of 944 individual women with benign breast lumps and 228 with primary carcinomata are reviewed. This study describes the age, ethnic distribution of benign and malignant breast tumours in women in Peninsular Malaysia and compares the pattern with Western experience. There are important variations in the incidence pattern between the different races in Peninsular Malaysia and between them and women in Britain and the United States.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology*
  3. Breast cancer in Singapore: trends in incidence 1968-1992
    Seow A, Duffy SW, McGee MA, Lee J, Lee HP
    Int J Epidemiol, 1996 Feb;25(1):40-5.
    PMID: 8666502
    BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer among women in Singapore, a country which has experienced significant changes in lifestyle over the past three decades. The increase in incidence of the disease is a matter of some concern.

    METHODS: Data from the population-based Singapore Cancer Registry for 1968-1992 were used to determine time trends, inter-ethnic differences and the contributions of age, period and cohort effects to the incidence of the disease.

    RESULTS: Our results revealed an average annual increase of 3.6% over the 25-year period for all women, form 20.2 per 100,000 women in the period 1968-1972 to 38.8 per 100,000 in 1988-1992. There was a statistically significant difference between the three major ethnic groups, the rate of increase being highest in Malays (4.4%) and lowest in Indians (1.4%). The overall increase was attributable to a strong cohort effect that remained significant when adjusted for time period for Chinese women and for all ethnic groups combined. The risk was observed to increase in successive birth cohorts from the 1890s to 1960s.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that breast cancer incidence rates are likely to continue to increase more sharply in the future as women born after the mid-20th century reach the high-risk age groups. They also suggest the pattern by which important aetiological factors for the disease in our population have exerted their effects, and provide support for the role of demographic and lifestyle changes as possible risk factors.

    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology*
  4. Fulltext Breast cancer 100 years on--what we have learnt!
    Forrest AP
    Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):163-73; quiz 174.
    PMID: 10968004
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
  5. Fulltext Breast cancer--a comparative study between Malaysian and Singaporean women
    Yip CH, Ng EH
    Singapore Med J, 1996 Jun;37(3):264-7.
    PMID: 8942224
    Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in Malaysian and Singaporean women. A study done to compare the epidemiology of the disease, as well as to compare the rate of conservative surgery between Malaysian and Singaporean women was carried out. The results show that the median age at presentation was the same in both countries, and the incidence was lower among the Malays. However, there was a significant difference in the stage at presentation and the tumour size; Singaporean women presented at earlier stages and with smaller tumours compared to Malaysian women. This led to a lower rate of conservation surgery in Malaysian women.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
  6. Giant fibroadenoma of the breast in an Arab population
    Hanna RM, Ashebu SD
    Australas Radiol, 2002 Sep;46(3):252-6.
    PMID: 12196231
    In a retrospective study of giant breast masses over a period of 20 years (1980-2000), we encountered 18 patients with fibroadenomas. Most of them were adolescents and young adults. The bimodal age incidence seen in Caucasians was not observed. The masses ranged from 6 to 15 cm in size and in the youngest patient, they were bilateral. All 18 patients were examined by mammography and 10 of them by ultrasonography (US) as well. The right breast was involved in 12 patients and the left in six. The diagnosis was confirmed pathologically in all patients, by excision biopsy in 17 patients and by fine needle aspiration cytology and excision biopsy in one patient. The radiological findings were the same as those previously described. All patients were treated by simple enuculation. There was only one recurrence over a follow-up period from 2 months to 3 years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology*
  7. Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in Singapore: recent trends and clinical implications
    Tan KB, Lee HY, Putti TC
    ANZ J Surg, 2002 Nov;72(11):793-7.
    PMID: 12437689
    Breast ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) is increasingly being diagnosed as a result of screening mammography and better pathological recognition. With this and the rising breast cancer incidence in Singapore, DCIS is poised to become a bigger part of surgical practice. Principles of screening, diagnosis and management of DCIS have also been rapidly evolving. Against this background, a clinicopathological audit of recent cases of DCIS in our centre was performed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology*
  8. Fulltext Breast Surgery International--breast cancer in developing countries
    Sandelin K, Apffelstaedt JP, Abdullah H, Murray EM, Ajuluchuku EU
    Scand J Surg, 2002;91(3):222-6.
    PMID: 12449462
    Breast Surgery International (BSI) was formed in 1999 as an integrated society within the International Surgical Society ISS/SIC. One goal is to promote breast surgery world wide and focus on the situation in the developing countries. An edited summary of a symposium on locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) and the current situation in two African countries and in Malaysia is reported. Diagnosis, management and treatment options differ from recommendations that prevail due to lack of resources, lack of access to facilities and cultural and socioeconomic barriers. Younger age at onset, more men are affected and locally advanced breast cancer dominates the clinical panorama. A rational treatment plan for LABC should have chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy as armaments. A unique opportunity exists for international interchange within a professional organization such as BSI, for providing training opportunities, for clinical and experimental studies of the world' s most common female malignancy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
  9. Fulltext Overview of breast cancer in Malaysian women: a problem with late diagnosis
    Hisham AN, Yip CH
    Asian J Surg, 2004 Apr;27(2):130-3.
    PMID: 15140665
    Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Malaysian women. There is a marked geographical difference in the worldwide incidence of breast cancer, with a higher incidence in developed countries compared to developing countries. From 1998 to 2001, new cases of breast cancer presenting to the breast clinics at Hospital Kuala Lumpur and University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia, were reviewed; the race, age and stage at presentation were analysed. Of 774 cases seen in Hospital Kuala Lumpur, only 5.2% (40/774) were impalpable breast cancers diagnosed on mammography. The prevalent age group was 40 to 49 years, and the median age was 50 years. The average size of the tumour was 5.4 cm in diameter. Malay women appear to have larger tumours and a later stage at presentation than other ethnic groups; 50% to 60% were in late stages (Stages 3 and 4). During the same period, 752 new cases of breast cancer were seen in the University Malaya Medical Centre. The average tumour size was 4.2 cm, and 30% to 40% were in late stages. The age incidence was similar. The delay in presentation of breast cancer was attributed to a strong belief in traditional medicine, the negative perception of the disease, poverty and poor education, coupled with fear and denial. A prospective, population-based study is required to determine the demographic pattern of breast cancer and the factors delaying presentation. These findings will have important implications in future programmes to promote the early detection of breast cancer, as well as in understanding geographical as well as racial variations in the incidence of breast cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology*
  10. Fulltext Breast cancer and lifestyle risks among Chinese women in the Klang Valley in 2001
    Hejar AR, Chong FB, Rosnan H, Zailina H
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Jun;59(2):226-32.
    PMID: 15559174 MyJurnal
    Breast cancer is one of the commonest cancers among women in Malaysia. The relation between lifestyle practices and the risk of breast cancer in Chinese women aged 21-55 years were assessed using data collected from June to October 2001, via a face-to face interview in a case control study in the Breast Clinics of Kuala Lumpur Hospital and University Malaya Medical Centre. A total of 89 cases with breast cancer were compared with 85 controls without the disease. Our study showed that breastfeeding had an odds ratio of 4.43 after adjustment for confounders. The results add to the evidence of a protective association between breast feeding practices and breast cancer particularly among Chinese women receiving treatment at two government hospitals in the Klang Valley.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology*
  11. Fulltext Risk factors of breast cancer in women in Kelantan, Malaysia
    Afifi M
    Singapore Med J, 2006 Jun;47(6):551; author reply 552-3.
    PMID: 16752028
    Comment on: Norsaʼadah B, Rusli BN, Imran AK, Naing L, Winn T. Risk factors of breast cancer in women in Kelantan, Malaysia. Singapore Med J 2005;
    46:698-705
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology*
  12. Ethnic differences in the time trend of female breast cancer incidence: Singapore, 1968-2002
    Sim X, Ali RA, Wedren S, Goh DL, Tan CS, Reilly M, et al.
    BMC Cancer, 2006;6:261.
    PMID: 17078893
    From 1968 to 2002, Singapore experienced an almost three-fold increase in breast cancer incidence. This increase appeared to be different across the three main ethnic groups: Chinese, Malays and Indians. This paper used age-period-cohort (APC) modelling, to determine the effects of age at diagnosis, calendar period, and birth cohort on breast cancer incidence for each ethnic group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology*
  13. Fulltext Lifestyle factors and breast cancer: a case-control study in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Kamarudin R, Shah SA, Hidayah N
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2006 Jan-Mar;7(1):51-4.
    PMID: 16629515
    Breast cancer is the most common female cancer and the commonest cause of death due to cancer for women in Malaysia. This study was performed to identify the relationship with lifestyle factors. A case-control study was conducted among females with breast cancer who came for treatment to the Breast Clinic Hospital Kuala Lumpur in July until September 2004. A total of 203 female patients were recruited as cases along with 203 patients who attended the Outpatient Clinic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur during the study period as the controls. The study showed women who did not exercise regularly to have four times higher risk (adjusted odds ratio is 3.49, 95% CI is 1.84 to 6.62) compared to those who exercised regularly. Women with a high fat diet were also at elevated risk (adjusted odds ratio 3.84, 95% CI is 1.20 to 12.34) compared to those consuming a low fat diet. Women without breast cancer generally had a longer duration of lifetime lactation with a median of thirty-three months compared to women with breast cancer (twenty months, p<0.05). Women who did not take oral contraceptive pills but had breast-fed their child have a 56.0% lower risk (crude odds ratio 0.44, CI is 0.22 to 0.87) compared to women who did not take oral contraceptive pill and also did not breast-feed their child. If they had breast fed for thirteen months and above, they faced a 61.0% lower risk (crude odds ratio 0.39, 95% CI is 0.17 to 0.87). There was a significant inverse trend for lifetime lactation and breast cancer risk. In conclusion certain life styles of women are associated with a higher risk of breast cancer development. Therefore, the promotion of a healthy life style should be emphasized.
    Study site: Breast Clinic, Outpatient clinic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology*
  14. Fulltext Epidemiology of breast cancer in Malaysia
    Yip CH, Taib NA, Mohamed I
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2006;7(3):369-74.
    PMID: 17059323
    Data from the National Cancer Registry of Malaysia for 2004 provide an age-standardised incidence rate (ASR) of 46.2 per 100,000 women. This means that approximately 1 in 20 women in the country develop breast cancer in their lifetime. However, the rate differs between the three main races, the Malays, Chinese and Indians. The age standardized incidence in Chinese is the highest, with 59.7 per 100,000, followed by the Indians at 55.8 per 100,000. The Malays have the lowest incidence of 33.9 per 100,000. This translates into 1 in 16 Chinese, 1 in 16 Indian and 1 in 28 Malay women developing breast cancer at some stage in their lives. The commonest age at presentation is between 40-49 years, with just over 50% of the cases under the age of 50 years, 16.8% below 40, and 2% under 30. Some 55.7% of all cases were found to be ER positive. The commonest presenting symptom was a lump in the breast in over 90% of cases, generally felt by the woman herself. The mean size of the lump was 4.2 cm, and on average, the women waited 3 months before seeking medical attention. Over the 12-year period from 1993 to 2004, about 60-70% of women presented with early stage (Stages 1-2) while 30-40% presented with late breast cancer (Stages 3-4). Especially Malays present at later stages and with larger tumours. Consequently their survival is worse than with Chinese and Indian women. The challenge in Malaysia is to be able to provide a comprehensive service in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, and this requires training of a team of health professionals dedicated to breast health, such as breast surgeons, radiologists specializing in breast imaging, breast pathologists, plastic surgeons specializing in breast reconstruction, medical and radiation oncologists, psycho-oncologists, counselors, and breast nurses. Advocacy can play a role here in galvanizing the political will to meet this challenge.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology*
  15. Fulltext Survey on mammographic screening among women aged 40 to 65 years old at polyclinics
    Leong HS, Heng R, Emmanuel SC
    Singapore Med J, 2007 Jan;48(1):34-40.
    PMID: 17245514
    INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the commonest female cancer in Singapore. It is steadily rising with an incidence of 53.1 cases per 100,000 persons per year among women. Screening for detection of early lesions which are highly curable helps to reduce mortality.
    METHODS: Over three afternoon sessions in December 2003, 224 female patients aged 40-65 years, participated in interviews conducted by the National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore. The survey sought information on mammographic screening history, the time interval since the previous mammographic screening, and the reasons for not going for the screening.
    RESULTS: The survey found that only 26.4 percent (28 out of 106) among those aged 40 to 49 years had mammographic screening done within the past one year, and 43.2 percent (51 out of 118) among those aged 50 to 65 years had screening done within the last two years. Chinese women were twice more likely than Malay women to have a mammogram done. The commonest reasons for not wanting to have mammographic screening among women who did not have a mammogram done or had mammogram done more than two years ago, were lack of time (42.5 percent), fear of pain during the procedure (26.9 percent), and the belief that cancer would not happen to them (24.6 percent).
    CONCLUSION: Despite publicity on breast cancer being the commonest cancer among women in Singapore and cure being possible if the malignancy was detected early, close to half of the women aged 40-65 years old who attended the National Healthcare Group Polyclinics did not have mammographic screening done. One-quarter of the women who did not have mammogram screening did not do so as they did not think cancer would happen to them.
    Study site: NHG Polyclinics, Singapore
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
  16. P27 V109G Polymorphism is associated with lymph node metastases but not with increased risk of breast cancer
    Naidu R, Har YC, Taib NA
    J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2007 Mar;26(1):133-40.
    PMID: 17550142
    The p27 V109G polymorphism was investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in a hospital-based Malaysian population. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 230 breast cancer patients and 200 normal and healthy women who had no history of breast disease or breast cancer. We evaluated the association between the p27 polymorphism and breast cancer risk, and clinico-pathological parameters in the population. The distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of p27 V109G polymorphism were not significantly different between the breast cancer cases and normal subjects (P=0.376). Women who were homozygous (OR=1.73; 95% CI, 0.62-4.92) or heterozygous (OR=1.26; 95% CI, 0.75-2.12) for G allele, or carriers of G allele genotype (OR=1.34; 95%, 0.83-2.16) or G allele (OR=1.36; 95% CI, 0.90-2.05) were not associated with breast cancer risk. No significant correlation was noted between G allele genotype and breast cancer risk among patients under 50 (OR=1.28; 95% CI, 0.62-2.66) or 50 years and older (OR=1.38; 95% CI, 0.71-2.66) at diagnosis. The G allele genotype was significantly associated with lymph node metastases but independent of ER status and histological grade. In conclusion, the polymorphic variant at codon 109 of p27 gene may not be a marker for determining patients' risk of developing breast cancer but it may be a potential genetic marker for poor prognosis, thereby a marker for tumor prognosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
  17. Spectrum of breast cancer in Asian women
    Agarwal G, Pradeep PV, Aggarwal V, Yip CH, Cheung PS
    World J Surg, 2007 May;31(5):1031-40.
    PMID: 17387549
    Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Asia, and in recent years is emerging as the commonest female malignancy in the developing Asian countries, overtaking cancer of the uterine cervix. There have been no studies objectively comparing data and facts relating to breast cancer in the developed, newly developed, and developing Asian countries thus far.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology*
  18. Breast cancer in Sabah, Malaysia: a two year prospective study
    Leong BD, Chuah JA, Kumar VM, Yip CH
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2007 Oct-Dec;8(4):525-9.
    PMID: 18260722
    INTRODUCTION: Malaysian women have a 1 in 20 chance of developing breast cancer in their lifetime. Sabah, formerly known as North Borneo, is part of East Malaysia with a population of 3.39 million and more than 30 ethnic groups. We conducted a 2 year prospective epidemiological study to provide unreported data of breast cancer from this part of the world and to recognise which particular group of patients are more likely to present with advanced disease.

    METHODS: All newly diagnosed breast cancers seen at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, from January 2005 to December 2006 were included in the study. Patient and tumour characteristics, including age, race, education, socioeconomic background, parity, practice of breast feeding, hormonal medication intake, menopausal status, family history, mode of presentation, histology, grade, stage of disease and hormonal receptors status were collected and analysed.

    RESULTS: A total of 186 patients were seen. The commonest age group was 40 to 49 years old (32.3%). Chinese was the commonest race (30.6%) followed by Kadazan-Dusun (24.2%). The commonest histology was invasive ductal carcinoma (88.4%). Stages at presentation were Stage 0- 4.8%, Stage I- 12.9%, Stage II- 30.1%, Stage III- 36.6% and Stage IV- 15.6%. The estrogen and progesterone receptor status was positive in 59.1% and 54.8% of cases, respectively. 73.7% of Chinese patients presented with early cancer compared to 36.4% of the other races. Patients who presented with advanced disease were also poor, non-educated and from rural areas. 20.4% of patients defaulted treatment; most of them opted for traditional alternatives.

    CONCLUSIONS: Sabahan women with breast cancer present late. Great efforts are needed to improve public awareness of breast cancer, especially among those who have higher risk of presenting with advanced disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology*
  19. Fulltext Breast cancer in malaysia: are our women getting the right message? 10 year-experience in a single institution in Malaysia
    Taib NA, Yip CH, Ibrahim M, Ng CJ, Farizah H
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2007 Jan-Mar;8(1):141-5.
    PMID: 17477791
    The message that health care providers caring for patients with breast cancer would like to put forth, is that, not only early detection is crucial but early treatment too is important in ensuring survival. This paper examines the pattern of presentation at a single institution over a 10-year period from 1995 to 2005. In Malaysia, education outreach programmes are ongoing, with contributions not only from the public sector, but also private enterprise. Articles on breast cancer in local newspapers and women magazines and television are quite commonplace. However are our women getting the right message? Now is an appropriate time to bring the stakeholders together to formulate a way to reach all women in Malaysia, not excluding the fact that we are from different races, different education levels and backgrounds requiring differing ways of delivering health promotion messages. To answer the question of why women present late, we prospectively studied 25 women who presented with locally advanced disease. A quantitative, quasi-qualitative study was embarked upon, as a prelude to a more detailed study. Reasons for presenting late were recorded. We also looked at the pattern of presentation of breast lumps in women to our breast clinic in UMMC and in the surgical clinic in Hospital Kota Bharu, in the smaller capital of the state of Kelantan, in 2003. There is hope for the future, the government being a socially responsible one is currently making efforts towards mammographic screening in Malaysia. However understanding of the disease, acceptance of medical treatment and providing resources is imperative to ensure that health behaviour exhibited by our women is not self-destructive but self-preserving. Women are an integral part of not only the nation's workforce but the lifeline of the family - hopefully in the next decade we will see great improvement in the survival of Malaysian women with breast cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology*
  20. Fulltext National Cancer Patient Registry--Breast Cancer (NCPR-Breast Cancer)
    Nor Aina E
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Sep;63 Suppl C:72-3.
    PMID: 19227677
    Breast cancer is the most common cancer in most part of the world and it is the most common cancer among Malaysian women. In order to estimate the overall survival and prognosis, it was decided that a National Cancer Patient Registry-Breast cancer be set up. It would be a tracking system form for breast cancer patients in Malaysia to help treatment outcomes. There would be useful for evaluating clinical management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology*
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