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Fulltext Intrinsic couplings between the primary motor area and supplementary motor areas during unilateral finger tapping task

Yusoff, A.N., Mohamad, M., Hamid, K.A., Hamid, A.I.A., Manan, H.A., Hashim, M.H.

ASM Science Journal, 2010;4(2):158-172.
MyJurnal

In this multiple-subject study, intrinsic couplings between the primary motor (M1) and supplementary motor areas (SMA) were investigated. Unilateral (UNIright and UNIleft) self-paced tapping of hand fingers were performed to activate M1 and SMA. The intrinsic couplings were analysed using statistical parametric mapping, dynamic causal modeling (DCM) and Bayesian model analysis. Brain activation observed for UNIright and UNIleft showed contralateral and ipsilateral involvement of M1 and SMA. Ten full connectivity models were constructed with right and left M1 and SMA as processing centres. DCM indicated that all subjects prefer M1 as the intrinsic input for UNIright and UNIleft as indicated by a large group Bayes factor (GBF). Positive evidence ratio (PER) that showed strong evidence of Model 3 and Model 6 against other models in at least 12 out of 16 subjects, supported GBF results. The GBF and PER results were later found to be consistent with that of BMS for group studies with high expected posterior probability and exceedance probability. It was concluded that during unilateral finger tapping, the contralateral M1 would act as the input centre which in turn triggered the propagation of signals to SMA in the same hemisphere and to M1 and SMA in the opposite hemisphere.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
A case of disproportionate macrodactyly or a mild form of Proteus syndrome? An interesting case

Abdullah S, Haflah NH, Sapuan J, Das S

Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove), 2010;53(4):243-6.
PMID: 21400985

We present a 20-year-old Malay male whom we believe has Proteus syndrome, a rare congenital disorder of asymmetrical overgrowth of body tissues. There are fewer than 100 confirmed cases reported worldwide thus the clinical presentation and histopathological findings are of significance. Our patient presented with an overgrown right small finger and subcutaneous purplish pigmentation over his left upper arm and chest since birth. His small finger gradually increased in size. He had no abnormalities in sensation or power. Radiographs revealed a delta shaped middle phalanx of the small finger. His activities of daily living were uninterrupted but he requested debulking surgery for cosmetic reasons. Histopathological examination reported hypertrophic fatty tissue composed of well formed lobules of mature adipocytes interspersed with fibrous elements.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers/abnormalities*; Fingers/pathology
Normal values for total hand length, palm length and middle finger length in Malaysian newborns from 34-42 weeks of gestation

Halder D, Dharap AS, Than M

Anthropol Anz, 1999 Mar;57(1):69-75.
PMID: 10320927

Early identification of a syndrome at birth is of paramount importance for genetic counselling and possible prevention. Often malformation of the hands and fingers are cardinal manifestations of recognizable syndromes. As there are no published standards for hand and finger size for Malay newborn infants, this study was undertaken to establish normal values for hand, middle finger and palmar lengths, and their indices. A cross-sectional study was done on 509 consecutive newborn Malay babies between 34 and 42 weeks of gestation. Measurements were made on the right hand according to the recommended guidelines of Bergsma & Feingold (1975). The mean values for the measurements did not differ significantly between boys and girls, or change with gestation. For the whole group the mean value for total hand length was 64.4 +/- 3.42 mm, middle finger length 37.1 +/- 2.91 mm, palmar length 27.4 +/- 2.15 mm, finger index 0.425 +/- 0.03 and palmar index 0.58 +/- 0.03. A comparison with published measurements for newborns of different racial origin shows significant differences for the total hand length, middle finger length and palm length from Indian and Jewish infants, but not from Japanese infants. The indices were similar in Malay, Indian, Jewish and Japanese newborn infants.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers/physiology*
Distribution of hair on the dorsum of the phalanges of the hand in a Chinese population from Malaysia

Dharap AS, Lim BC, Ong LB

Anthropol Anz, 1996 Dec;54(4):311-6.
PMID: 9008788

Hair distribution on the dorsum of phalanges of the hand was studied on 302 Chinese subjects (134 males and 168 females) randomly selected from the residents of Kota Bharu, Malaysia. Proximal phalangeal hair was seen on the dorsum of both hands in 99.3% of male subjects but in only 85.1% of female subjects. Chinese females showed a significantly lower (p < 0.05) incidence of proximal phalangeal hair on the hands than Chinese males. Comparison with other racial groups showed that Chinese females had significantly less (p < 0.05) hair on the proximal phalanges of the hands than Malay and African (Nigerian) females. The least common digital combination of proximal phalangeal hair in female subjects was the presence of proximal phalangeal hair only on the fourth digit (ring finger) and was noted in 0.6% of subjects. This has not been reported before. The frequency of middle phalangeal hair (MPH) distribution in Chinese falls between that in Malays and in Japanese which is probably explained by the fact that all these three racial groups originate from Asia. A study of digital combination of MPH in Chinese showed that the most common and the least common combinations in the Chinese differ considerably from those in other races. A total of 16 patterns of hair distribution was noted on the dorsum of the phalanges of the hands in Chinese subjects. Our study showed that though Chinese females had less digital hair on the hands than Chinese males, they showed a much larger variety of patterns of digital hair distribution than males.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers/anatomy & histology*
Incidence, density and direction of hair on the dorsum of phalanges of the hands in Malays

Dharap AS, Varma SL, Chary TV

Anthropol Anz, 1995 Sep;53(3):269-76.
PMID: 7486886

In this study 200 Malay subjects (100 males and 100 females) were randomly selected from patients attending outpatient clinics of Hospital USM, Kelantan, Malaysia, to find out the incidence, density and direction of hair on the dorsum of phalanges of the hand. These features have not been studied so far in females nor has such a study been conducted in Malays. The probability of density of hair distribution among the digits of both hands showed significant correlation on proximal phalanges (p < 0.05) in both sexes. Significant correlation was not observed, however, in the middle phalangeal hair (MPH) of the hands. The direction of proximal phalangeal hair, from little finger to the thumb, showed significant changes from ulnar to radial in both sexes (p < 0.05). Identification of isolated digits, which is of medicolegal importance, would be more accurate if the direction and the density of hair on the digits are both considered together. MPH was present in 48% of males and in 33% of females studied. Comparisons with presence of MPH in other populations show that Malays are ethnically similar to other Asiatic populations.

Study site: utpatient clinics of Hospital USM, Kelantan, Malaysi

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers/anatomy & histology*
Hair distribution on the phalanges of the hands in Malays

Dharap AS, Varma SL, Chary TV

Anthropol Anz, 1994 Dec;52(4):315-20.
PMID: 7840537

618 Malay subjects were selected randomly to find out the frequency and patterns of hair distribution on the phalanges of their hands. Hair on the proximal phalanx was absent in 2% of the males and in 3.3% of the females. The middle phalangeal hair (MPH) was absent in 78% of the females and in 64.9% of the males. The frequency in order of MPH was found to be 4 > 3 > 5 > 2. Fifteen patterns of hair distribution on the phalanges of the hand were found. Such a large number of patterns has not been reported yet. No subject had hair on the distal phalanges. These observations when compared with earlier studies show that the Malays are similar to other Asiatic populations such as the Japanese and Nepalis.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers*
Contamination of foods by food handlers: experiments on hepatitis A virus transfer to food and its interruption

Bidawid S, Farber JM, Sattar SA

Appl Environ Microbiol, 2000 Jul;66(7):2759-63.
PMID: 10877765

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is an important pathogen which has been responsible for many food-borne outbreaks. HAV-excreting food handlers, especially those with poor hygienic practices, can contaminate the foods which they handle. Consumption of such foods without further processing has been known to result in cases of infectious hepatitis. Since quantitative data on virus transfer during contact of hands with foods is not available, we investigated the transfer of HAV from artificially contaminated fingerpads of adult volunteers to pieces of fresh lettuce. Touching the lettuce with artificially contaminated fingerpads for 10 s at a pressure of 0.2 to 0.4 kg/cm(2) resulted in transfer of 9.2% +/- 0.9% of the infectious virus. The pretreatments tested to interrupt virus transfer from contaminated fingerpads included (i) hard-water rinsing and towel drying, (ii) application of a domestic or commercial topical agent followed by water rinsing and towel drying, and (iii) exposure to a hand gel containing 62% ethanol or 75% liquid ethanol without water rinsing or towel drying. When the fingerpads were treated with the topical agents or alcohol before the lettuce was touched, the amount of infectious virus transferred to lettuce was reduced from 9.2% to between 0.3 and 0.6% (depending on the topical agent used), which was a reduction in virus transfer of up to 30-fold. Surprisingly, no virus transfer to lettuce was detected when the fingerpads were rinsed with water alone before the lettuce was touched. However, additional experiments with water rinsing in which smaller volumes of water were used (1 ml instead of 15 ml) showed that the rate of virus transfer to lettuce was 0.3% +/- 0.1%. The variability in virus transfer rates following water rinsing may indicate that the volume of water at least in part influences virus removal from the fingerpads differently, a possibility which should be investigated further. This study provided novel information concerning the rate of virus transfer to foods and a model for investigating the transfer of viral and other food-borne pathogens from contaminated hands to foods, as well as techniques for interrupting such transfer to improve food safety.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers/virology
Fulltext Painful nodules on the fingers and toes

Loh KY

Aust Fam Physician, 2007 Jul;36(7):554.
PMID: 17619674

A 25 year old college student with a past history of congenital heart disease presented with high grade fever and palpitations. He complained of painful red nodules on his finger pulp and his toes.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
Fulltext A medical student with symphalangism, would it affect her future career?

Saliem AM, Nimir AR, Abdul Kadir FA

BMJ Case Rep, 2012;2012.
PMID: 23087269 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-006668

Absence of the distal crease of the fingers is usually associated with a flexion deformity. A single crease of one or more fingers is found in many syndromes. We present this report as a rare case of absence of interphalangeal crease of the right ring finger with restriction of flexion but without any other anomaly.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers/abnormalities*
Subungual infection in the newborn. An institutional outbreak of unknown etiology, possibly due to veillonella

Sinniah D, Sandiford BR, Dugdale AE

Clin Pediatr (Phila), 1972 Dec;11(12):690-2.
PMID: 4639314
Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
Rituximab for refractory digital infarcts and ulcers in systemic sclerosis

Khor CG, Chen XL, Lin TS, Lu CH, Hsieh SC

Clin Rheumatol, 2014 Jul;33(7):1019-20.
PMID: 24722688 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-014-2579-1

Systemic sclerosis is an uncommon connective tissue disease characterised by excessive deposition of collagen and vasculopathy which affects the skin and multiple internal organs. It is associated with autoimmunity, inflammation, vasculopathy and fibrosis. Managing Raynaud's phenonemon, digital infarcts and ulcers in systemic sclerosis patients is often a challenge particularly among rheumatologists. We report a case of systemic sclerosis patient with refractory digital infarcts and ulcers responded successfully with rituximab.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers/pathology
Fulltext Automated bone age assessment: motivation, taxonomies, and challenges

Mansourvar M, Ismail MA, Herawan T, Raj RG, Kareem SA, Nasaruddin FH

Comput Math Methods Med, 2013;2013:391626.
PMID: 24454534 DOI: 10.1155/2013/391626

Bone age assessment (BAA) of unknown people is one of the most important topics in clinical procedure for evaluation of biological maturity of children. BAA is performed usually by comparing an X-ray of left hand wrist with an atlas of known sample bones. Recently, BAA has gained remarkable ground from academia and medicine. Manual methods of BAA are time-consuming and prone to observer variability. This is a motivation for developing automated methods of BAA. However, there is considerable research on the automated assessment, much of which are still in the experimental stage. This survey provides taxonomy of automated BAA approaches and discusses the challenges. Finally, we present suggestions for future research.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers/radiography
Fulltext Hair Thread Tourniquet Syndrome in an Infant: Emergency Exploration Saves Limbs

Kesu Belani L, Leong JF, Narin Singh PSG, Abdullah S

Cureus, 2019 Dec 13;11(12):e6377.
PMID: 31938655 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6377

Hair thread tourniquet syndrome (HTTS) is a rare condition where fibres constrict around appendages causing ischaemia and necrosis. It is a sporadically reported condition, where almost all reported cases showed involvement of fingers, toes or genitalia. A significant number of the cases are infants aged two weeks to six months where it is attributed to the mother's excessive hair fall due to hormonal changes after delivery. We present a two-month-old infant who was irritable for the past two days with her left ring finger exhibiting an ischaemic constriction with no apparent insulting agent. She successfully treated surgically after we suspected an incomplete removal of hair thread in the emergency department. We would like to highlight the importance of a high index of suspicion in cases as such as early intervention saves the appendage.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
Erythematous verrucous plaque on the hand

Yee EY, Choon SE

Cutis, 2018 Oct;102(4):223;230;231.
PMID: 30489556
Matched MeSH terms: Fingers/surgery
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the domestic environment of a Malaysian village

Vadivelu J, Feachem RG, Drasar BS, Harrison TJ, Parasakthi N, Thambypillai V, et al.

Epidemiol Infect, 1989 Dec;103(3):497-511.
PMID: 2691267

The membrane-filter assay, GM1-ELISA, and DNA-DNA hybridization assay, were used to detect enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in samples of water, weaning food, food preparation surface swabs, fingerprints of mothers, and the fingerprints and stools of children under 5 years of age, in 20 households in a Malaysian village. Weaning food and environmental samples were frequently contaminated by faecal coliforms, including ETEC. The membrane-filter assay detected and enumerated faecal coliforms and LT-ETEC in all types of water and weaning food samples. Highest concentrations of faecal coliforms and LT-ETEC were found in weaning food, followed by well-water, stored water and stored drinking water. The GM1-ELISA detected LT-ETEC in weaning food, food preparation surfaces, fingerprints and stool samples. The DNA-DNA hybridization assay detected a larger proportion of STa2-ETEC than the other toxotypes, either singly or in combination. All the assays in combination detected the presence of ETEC in all types of samples on at least one occasion in each household. It was not possible to classify households as consistently more or less contaminated with ETEC. On individual occasions it was possible to show a significant association of the presence of LT-ETEC between the fingerprints of children and their stools, fingerprints of mothers and children, and weaning food and the stools of the child consuming the food.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers/microbiology
Transmission of vibration through glove materials: effects of contact force

Md Rezali KA, Griffin MJ

Ergonomics, 2018 Sep;61(9):1246-1258.
PMID: 29628001 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2018.1462407

This study investigated effects of applied force on the apparent mass of the hand, the dynamic stiffness of glove materials and the transmission of vibration through gloves to the hand. For 10 subjects, 3 glove materials and 3 contact forces, apparent masses and glove transmissibilities were measured at the palm and at a finger at frequencies in the range 5-300 Hz. The dynamic stiffnesses of the materials were also measured. With increasing force, the dynamic stiffnesses of the materials increased, the apparent mass at the palm increased at frequencies greater than the resonance and the apparent mass at the finger increased at low frequencies. The effects of force on transmissibilities therefore differed between materials and depended on vibration frequency, but changes in apparent mass and dynamic stiffness had predictable effects on material transmissibility. Depending on the glove material, the transmission of vibration through a glove can be increased or decreased when increasing the applied force. Practitioner summary: Increasing the contact force (i.e. push force or grip force) can increase or decrease the transmission of vibration through a glove. The vibration transmissibilities of gloves should be assessed with a range of contact forces to understand their likely influence on the exposure of the hand and fingers to vibration.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
Dermatoglyphic patterns on fingers and gynecological cancers

Abbasi S, Rasouli M

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2018 Mar;222:39-44.
PMID: 29353131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.10.020

OBJECTIVES: Fingerprints have so far been used for determining the basis of certain malignant diseases, with positive outcomes. Considering the high rates of cancer-related mortality in Iran, this study was conducted for the purpose of examining the dermatoglyphic pattern of fingers in patients with gynecological cancers as compared to healthy people.
STUDY DESIGN: The present study was conducted on 151 women with gynecological cancers as the case group and 152 healthy women with no history of such cancers as control group. The dematographic details of participants from both control and case groups were collected using a checklist, and the pattern of their fingerprints was prepared and examined. The data were analyzed for their significance using chi-square test and t- test. Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
RESULTS: Dermatoglyphic analysis showed that arch and loop patterns significantly changed in cases group as compared to control. However, the odds ratio suggested that loop pattern in 6 or more fingers might be a risk factor for developing gynecological cancers.
CONCLUSION: Our results showed that there is an association between fingerprint patterns and gynecological cancers and so, dermatoglyphic analysis may aid in the early diagnosis of these cancers.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
Multisensory distortions of the hand have differential effects on tactile perception

Treshi-marie Perera A, Newport R, McKenzie KJ

Exp Brain Res, 2015 Nov;233(11):3153-61.
PMID: 26195170 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4384-8

Research has suggested that altering the perceived shape and size of the body image significantly affects perception of somatic events. The current study investigated how multisensory illusions applied to the body altered tactile perception using the somatic signal detection task. Thirty-one healthy volunteers were asked to report the presence or absence of near-threshold tactile stimuli delivered to the index finger under three multisensory illusion conditions: stretched finger, shrunken finger and detached finger, as well as a veridical baseline condition. Both stretching and shrinking the stimulated finger enhanced correct touch detections; however, the mechanisms underlying this increase were found to be different. In contrast, the detached appearance reduced false touch reports-possibly due to reduced tactile noise, as a result of attention being directed to the tip of the finger only. These findings suggest that distorted representations of the body could have different modulatory effects on attention to touch and provide a link between perceived body representation and somatosensory decision-making.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers/innervation*
Fulltext Changing hands: persistent alterations to body image following brief exposure to multisensory distortions

Perera AT, Newport R, McKenzie KJ

Exp Brain Res, 2017 06;235(6):1809-1821.
PMID: 28293693 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-4935-2

The dynamic flexibility of body representation has been highlighted through numerous lines of research that range from clinical studies reporting disorders of body ownership, to experimentally induced somatic illusions that have provided evidence for the embodiment of manipulated representations and even fake limbs. While most studies have reported that enlargement of body parts alters somatic perception, and that these can be more readily embodied, shrunken body parts have not been found to consistently alter somatic experiences, perhaps due to reduced feelings of ownership over smaller body parts. Over two experiments, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms responsible for altered somatic representations following exposure to both enlarged and shrunken body parts. Participants were given the impression that their hand and index finger were either longer or shorter than veridical length and asked to judge veridical finger length using online and offline size estimation tasks, as well as to report the degree of ownership towards the distorted finger and hand representations. Ownership was claimed over all distorted representations of the hand and finger and no differences were seen across ownership ratings, while the online and offline measurements of perceived size demonstrated differing response patterns. These findings suggest that ownership towards manipulated body representations is more bidirectional than previously thought and also suggest differences in perceived body representation with respect to the method of measurement suggesting that online and offline tasks may tap into different aspects of body representation.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers
Fulltext The Onset Time of the Ownership Sensation in the Moving Rubber Hand Illusion

Kalckert A, Ehrsson HH

Front Psychol, 2017;8:344.
PMID: 28344566 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00344

The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a perceptual illusion whereby a model hand is perceived as part of one's own body. This illusion has been extensively studied, but little is known about the temporal evolution of this perceptual phenomenon, i.e., how long it takes until participants start to experience ownership over the model hand. In the present study, we investigated a version of the rubber hand experiment based on finger movements and measured the average onset time in active and passive movement conditions. This comparison enabled us to further explore the possible role of intentions and motor control processes that are only present in the active movement condition. The results from a large group of healthy participants (n = 117) showed that the illusion of ownership took approximately 23 s to emerge (active: 22.8; passive: 23.2). The 90th percentile occurs in both conditions within approximately 50 s (active: 50; passive: 50.6); therefore, most participants experience the illusion within the first minute. We found indirect evidence of a facilitatory effect of active movements compared to passive movements, and we discuss these results in the context of our current understanding of the processes underlying the moving RHI.

Matched MeSH terms: Fingers

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