MyMedR

Temporary remission of tardive dystonia following electroconvulsive therapy

Adityanjee, Jayaswal SK, Chan TM, Subramaniam M

Br J Psychiatry, 1990 Mar;156:433-5.

An improvement in tardive dystonia in a patient who had received ECT for a schizophrenic psychosis is reported. The improvement suggests that the pathophysiology of tardive dystonia may involve neurotransmitter receptor changes similar to those seen in schizophrenia.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy

Fulltext Comparison of risperidone and other neuroleptics in the management of chronic schizophrenia using cognitive therapy

Azhar MZ

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Mar;55(1):7-13.

PMID: 11072484

A number of psychological approaches to alleviating psychotic symptoms have been reported in the literature. The latest technique among them is cognitive therapy (CT). This paper describes an open trial that makes use of cognitive psychotherapy to treat chronic drug resistant delusions (more than 2 years duration) in 20 patients with schizophrenia. The positive response of all patients with the absence of symptom replacement and maintenance of response at 3 months follow-up, seem to imply that this technique is useful and more effort needs to be invested into this new area of psychotherapy for psychosis. This paper also shows that those patients on risperidone maintenance respond better to CT than those on other neuroleptics.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy*

Five years of insulin shock therapy of schizophrenia in Singapore; a review

BROWNE J

Med J Malaya, 1954 Dec;9(2):99-114.

PMID: 14355274

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy*

Rates of treated schizophrenia and its clinical and cultural features in the population isolate of the Iban of Sarawak: a tri-diagnostic approach

Barrett R, Loa P, Jerah E, Nancarrow D, Chant D, Mowry B

Psychol Med, 2005 Feb;35(2):281-93.

PMID: 15841685

We present results of a study of treated rates of schizophrenia among the Iban of Sarawak, Malaysia. Most Iban live in longhouses, each comprising a kindred group of up to 300 individuals. Cultural practices such as minimal intermarriage with members of adjacent ethnic groups and in-depth genealogical knowledge make them a population suitable for genetic investigation. Iban culture is conducive to a focus on symptoms and illness, and to patterns of treatment-seeking behaviour that are enthusiastic and persistent.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy*

Cultural formulation of psychiatric diagnosis. Sakit Gila in an Iban longhouse: chronic schizophrenia

Barrett RJ

Cult Med Psychiatry, 1997 Sep;21(3):365-79.

PMID: 9352169

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy

First-episode psychosis and vocational outcomes: A predictive model

Chua YC, Abdin E, Tang C, Subramaniam M, Verma S

Schizophr Res, 2019 09;211:63-68.

PMID: 31327504 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.009

Most studies on predictors of vocational outcomes are cross-sectional and results are varied. This study aimed to examine the vocational rates of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), identify factors predicting a lack of engagement in age-appropriate roles, and evaluate the predictive ability of a model with baseline sociodemographic information and 2-year symptom and functioning trajectories on vocational outcomes. The Singapore Early Psychosis Intervention Program (EPIP) has maintained a standing database on patient clinico-demographic information. The primary outcome, vocational status, was operationalized as "meaningfully employed", that is, being gainfully employed or engaged in an age-appropriate role, and "unemployed". Using logistic regression, the predictive ability of the proposed model was evaluated. Vocational data was available for 1177 patients accepted into EPIP between 2001 and 2012. At the end of two years in the service, 829 (70.4%) patients were meaningfully employed and 348 (29.6%) patients were unemployed. The binary logistic regression model on the prediction of 2-year vocational outcomes yielded an AUC of 0.759 (SE = 0.016, p-value schizophrenia, schizophreniform, or delusional disorder at baseline; and belonging to the 'delayed response' or 'slower response and no response' general psychopathology trajectories. We have proposed a model that allows vocational outcomes to be predicted with high specificity. The results of this study will be relevant in developing future intervention models to improve outcomes among FEP patients with different illness trajectories.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy

Hospital-based community psychiatric service for patients with schizophrenia in Kuala Lumpur: a 1-year follow-up study of re-hospitalization

Dahlan R, Midin M, Sidi H, Maniam T

Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2013 Apr;5 Suppl 1:127-33.

PMID: 23857849 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12058

INTRODUCTION: Hospital-based community psychiatric service (HCPS) is a developing intervention in Malaysia targeted for patients with severe mental illnesses (SMIs). Its effectiveness had not been systematically measured. This study aimed to assess the outcome of HCPS with respect to re-hospitalization and factors associated with low re-hospitalization among patients with schizophrenia in the metropolitan city of Kuala Lumpur.
METHODS: A naturalistic and retrospective cohort study was conducted using within-subject pre-post design on 155 patients with schizophrenia who received HCPS in Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL). The selection was made by simple random sampling. The hospital admission profiles were obtained from clinical records. The socio-demographic and relevant clinical data were also assessed through clinical interviews.
RESULTS: One hundred and forty (90%) of 155 respondents had low rate of hospital admission with significant reduction of being hospitalized within 1 year after receiving HCPS (p schizophrenia in Malaysia. The finding may be used as an evidence to develop the service further in other hospitals. However, the finding needs to be replicated through studies with better design involving more psychiatric centres.
KEYWORDS: Assertive Community Treatment; community psychiatric service; re-hospitalization; schizophrenia

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy*

Fulltext Current trends in the management of schizophrenia

George PP

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Mar;57(1):128-31; quiz 132.

PMID: 14569733

Schizophrenia is a common and devastating illness. Patients with schizophrenia may develop many disabilities both due to the disease process as well as due to side effects of the medication used. There are many advances in the treatment of schizophrenia, which can effectively reduce many of these disabilities. Treatment of schizophrenia is a primary health care responsibility and thus all health care personnel need to equip themselves with the latest knowledge on management issues. This article outlines the current management issues in schizophrenia.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy*

Understanding the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia

Ghorbani M, Rajandas H, Parimannan S, Stephen Joseph GB, Tew MM, Ramly SS, et al.

Psychiatr Genet, 2021 Apr 01;31(2):39-49.

PMID: 33252574 DOI: 10.1097/YPG.0000000000000270

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder with marked symptoms of hallucination, delusion, and impaired cognitive behaviors. Although multidimensional factors have been associated with the development of schizophrenia, the principal cause of the disorder remains debatable. Microbiome involvement in the etiology of schizophrenia has been widely researched due to the advancement in sequencing technologies. This review describes the contribution of the gut microbiome in the development of schizophrenia that is facilitated by the gut-brain axis. The gut microbiota is connected to the gut-brain axis via several pathways and mechanisms, that are discussed in this review. The role of the oral microbiota, probiotics and prebiotics in shaping the gut microbiota are also highlighted. Lastly, future perspectives for microbiome research in schizophrenia are addressed.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy*

Fulltext Feasibility of remotely supervised transcranial direct current stimulation and cognitive remediation: A systematic review

Gough N, Brkan L, Subramaniam P, Chiuccariello L, De Petrillo A, Mulsant BH, et al.

PLoS One, 2020;15(2):e0223029.

PMID: 32092069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223029

With technological advancements and an aging population, there is growing interest in delivering interventions at home. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Cognitive Remediation (CR) as well as Cognitive Training (CT) have been widely studied, but mainly in laboratories or hospitals. Thus, the objectives of this review are to examine feasibility and the interventions components to support the domiciliary administration of tDCS and CR. We performed a systematic search of electronic databases, websites and reference lists of included articles from the first date available until October 31, 2018. Articles included had to meet the following criteria: original work published in English using human subjects, majority of tDCS or CR intervention administered remotely. A total of 39 studies were identified (16 tDCS, 23 CR/CT, 5 using both tDCS & CT). Four studies were single case studies and two were multiple case studies. The remaining 33 studies had a range of 9-135 participants. Five tDCS and nine CR/CT studies were double blind randomized controlled trials. Most studies focused on schizophrenia (8/39) and multiple sclerosis (8/39). Literature examined suggests the feasibility of delivering tDCS or CR/CT remotely with the support of information and communication technologies.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy

Further observations on the use of largactil in psychiatry

HAQ SM, SMYTH VO

Med J Malaya, 1957 Mar;11(3):224-7.

PMID: 13476999

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy*

Lua PL, Bakar ZA

Fam Community Health, 2011 Oct-Dec;34(4):331-9.

PMID: 21881420 DOI: 10.1097/FCH.0b013e31822b54ad

This cross-sectional study aims to determine and compare health-related quality of life profiles of schizophrenia family caregivers on the basis of their sociodemographic characteristics. Thirty outpatient family caregivers completed the generic 36-Item Short Form Health Survey instrument (male = 53.5%; mean age = 51 years; married = 76.7%). The highest mean score was reported for social functioning while role limitation-emotional was rated the worst. Significantly better health-related quality of life profiles were demonstrated by caregivers who were male, younger than 50 years, adequately educated, employed, and without health problems and were receiving monthly income. Understanding of on health-related quality of life matters for family caregivers is crucial to improve the quality of care for schizophrenia patients.

Study site: tients were
identified with assistance from psychiatrists
and nursing staff in-charge at a governmentfunded public hospital in Selangor, Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy

Fulltext Exorcism and psychiatric illness. Two case reports

Maniam T

Med J Malaysia, 1987 Dec;42(4):317-9.

PMID: 3454406

Traditional methods of treatment are extremely popular with Malaysians especially for psychiatric illnesses. Those who seek such treatment come from all cultures, social classes and different educational levels in this country. In one hospital as much as 49% of psychiatric patients had been to traditional healers . Some receive simultaneously traditional and modern modes of treatment. While many reports have been written on traditional healers such as the bomoh and spirit mediums, relatively less is written about Christian healers who practise exorcism. This paper describes two patients who had received psychiatric diagnoses of major illnesses, and who subsequently underwent Christian exorcism. The process of exorcism and the short-term and long-term outcome are reported.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy*

The effect of cognitive remediation therapy on social skills in institutionalized elderly patients with schizophrenia

Mohammadi F, Momtaz YA, Motalebi SA, Boosepasi S

Rev Recent Clin Trials, 2017;12(3):182-186.

PMID: 28530532 DOI: 10.2174/1574887112666170522142315

BACKGROUND: There are limited scientific investigations on cognitive remediation in elderly patients with schizophrenia. The present study was aimed to examine the efficacy of cognitive remediation therapy on social skills in institutionalized elderly patients with schizophrenia.

METHODS: The study employed a randomized clinical trial. A total of 60 institutionalized elderly patients with schizophrenia from Razi Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran were selected and randomly allocated into two equal groups (control and intervention). The intervention group attended to cognitive remediation therapy for 8 weeks. The Evaluation of Living Skills Scale for psychiatric patients was used for data collection. The Chi Square, independent and paired t-tests using SPSS, version 22, were employed to analyze the data.

RESULTS: The mean age of 60 elderly patients participated in the study was 65.25 ± 4.19 years. No significant differences were found between two groups at baseline. However, independent t-tests showed significant differences between the intervention and the control group in social skills after implementation of intervention. Additionally, the results of paired t-tests revealed significant improvements in intervention group on communication skills (t=5.50, p<0.001), behavioral problems with others (t=5.44, p<0.001), and self-care (t=4.70, p<0.001). No significant differences were observed from pretest to post test in control group.

CONCLUSION: The results of the present study may support the efficacy of cognitive remediation therapy on social skills of elderly patients with schizophrenia.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy*

Quality of life of community-based chronic schizophrenia patients in Penang, Malaysia

Mubarak AR, Baba I, Chin LH, Hoe QS

Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2003 Oct;37(5):577-85.

PMID: 14511086

This is a study of the quality of life (QOL) of 174 community-based chronic schizophrenia patients in Penang, Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy*

Association of social support and quality of life among people with schizophrenia receiving community psychiatric service: A cross-sectional study

Munikanan T, Midin M, Daud TIM, Rahim RA, Bakar AKA, Jaafar NRN, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2017 05;75:94-102.

PMID: 28342379 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.02.009

OBJECTIVE: To understand the needs of patients with schizophrenia for recovery, this study examined the type and level of social support and its association with quality of life (QOL) among this group of patients in the city of Kuala Lumpur.

METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 individuals with schizophrenia receiving community psychiatric services in Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL). The WHOQOL-BREF, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used to assess QOL, severity of symptoms and social support, respectively. The study respondents were predominantly Malay, aged less than 40, males, single, unmarried, had lower education levels and unemployed.

RESULTS: About 72% of the respondents had poor perceived social support, with support from significant others being the lowest, followed by friends and family. From multiple regression analysis, social support (total, friend and family) significantly predicted better QOL in all domains; [B=0.315 (p<0.001), B=0.670 (p<0.001), B=0.257 (p<0.031)] respectively in Physical Domain; [B=0.491 (p<0.001), B=0.735 (p<0.001), B=0.631 (p<0.001)] in Psychological Domain; [B=1.065 (p<0.001), B=0.670 (p<0.017), B=2.076 (p<0.001)] in Social Domain and; [B=0.652 (p<0.001), B=1.199 (p<0.001), B=0.678 (p<0.001)] in Environmental Domain. Being married and having shorter duration of illness, lower BPRS (total) scores, female gender and smoking, were also found to significantly predict higher QOL.

CONCLUSION: Social support is an important missing component among people with schizophrenia who are already receiving formal psychiatric services in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy*

Modified assertive community treatment: effectiveness on hospitalization and length of stay

Razali SM, Hashim MA

Community Ment Health J, 2015 Feb;51(2):171-4.

PMID: 25056686 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-014-9757-0

The objective is to assess the efficacy of a modified Assertive Community treatment (ACT). This is a retrospective cross-sectional study with a comparative group. The study group was patients with schizophrenia who had completed modified ACT, while the control group was those who did not receive modified ACT. The final sample comprises 44 patients in each group. There was no significant difference between both groups in number of admissions and average length of stay. However, in the modified ACT group there was a significant reduction in the number of admissions after the intervention. In conclusion readmission rate was significantly reduced following modified ACT intervention.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy*

Complementary treatment of psychotic and epileptic patients in malaysia

Razali SM, Yassin AM

Transcult Psychiatry, 2008 Sep;45(3):455-69.

PMID: 18799643 DOI: 10.1177/1363461508094676

The objective of this article is to describe and compare the use of traditional/complementary medicine (T/CM) among psychotic (schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder) and epileptic Malay patients in peninsular Malaysia. There were 60 patients in each group. T/CM consultation was uniformly spread across all levels of education and social status. We could not find a single over-riding factor that influenced the decision to seek T/CM treatment because the decision to seek such treatment was complex and the majority of decisions were made by others. Fifty-three patients (44.2%), consisting of 37 (61.7%) psychotic and 16 (26.7%) epileptic patients had consulted Malay traditional healers (bomoh) and/or homeopathic practitioners in addition to modern treatment; of these, only three had consulted bomoh and homeopathic practitioners at the same time. The use of T/CM was significantly higher in psychotic than in epileptic Malay patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy

Trial of effect of Bemegride in schizophrenia

SCHMIDT KE

Med J Malaya, 1960 Jun;14:217-24.

PMID: 13748029

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy*

Management of schizophrenia in Sarawak Mental Hospital, 1959

SCHMIDT KE

J Ment Sci, 1961 Jan;107:157-60.

PMID: 13748028

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy*