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Quassinoids from Eurycoma longifolia as Potential Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors: A Computational Study

Yunos NM, Al-Thiabat MG, Sallehudin NJ, Wahab HA

Curr Pharm Biotechnol, 2024;25(16):2154-2165.
PMID: 38425119 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010273336240221101506

BACKGROUND: Quassinoids are degraded triterpene compounds that can be obtained from various species of the Simaroubaceae plant family, including Eurycoma longifolia. Quassinoids are the major compounds in E. longifolia, and they are known to have various medicinal potentials, such as anticancer and antimalarial properties. Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) was reported to be one of the important targets for certain anticancer and antimalarial drugs. Twelve quassinoids from E. longifolia were identified to have anticancer effects based on their IC50 values. This study aimed to evaluate the interactions of these twelve quassinoids with DHFR via Autodock 4.2 software and Biovia Discovery Studio Visualiser.
METHODS: Twelve quassinoids from E. longifolia and their interactions with DHFR were evaluated via Autodock 4.2 software and Biovia Discovery Studio Visualiser. Their drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties were also assessed using the ADMETlab 2.0 program.
RESULTS: The molecular docking results showed that eleven quassinoids showed better docking scores than methotrexate, in which the binding energy (BE) of these quassinoids ranged from - 7.87 to -9.58 kcal/mol. Their inhibition constant (Ki) ranged from 0.095 to 1.71 μM. At the same time, the BE and Ki values for methotrexate were -7.80 kcal/mol and 1.64 μM, respectively.
CONCLUSION: From the analysis, 6-dehydrolongilactone and eurycomalide B are among the twelve compounds that showed great potential as hit-to-lead compounds based on the docking score on DHFR, drug-likeness, and ADMET properties. These results suggest a great potential to pursue validation studies via in vitro and in vivo models.

Matched MeSH terms: Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
Computational algorithmic and molecular dynamics study of functional and structural impacts of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in human DHFR gene

Alam MS, Saleh MA, Mozibullah M, Riham AT, Solayman M, Gan SH

Comput Biol Chem, 2021 Dec;95:107587.
PMID: 34710812 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107587

Human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a conserved enzyme that is central to folate metabolism and is widely targeted in pathogenic diseases as well as cancers. Although studies have reported the fact that genetic mutations in DHFR leads to a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of folate metabolism and drug resistance, there is a lack of an extensive study on how the deleterious non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) disrupt its phenotypic effects. In this study, we aim at discovering the structural and functional consequences of nsSNPs in DHFR by employing a combined computational approach consisting of ten recently developed in silico tools for identification of damaging nsSNPs and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for getting deeper insights into the magnitudes of damaging effects. Our study revealed the presence of 12 most deleterious nsSNPs affecting the native phenotypic effects, with three (R71T, G118D, Y122D) identified in the co-factor and ligand binding active sites. MD simulations also suggested that these three SNPs particularly Y122D, alter the overall structural flexibility and dynamics of the native DHFR protein which can provide more understandings into the crucial roles of these mutants in influencing the loss of DHFR function.

Matched MeSH terms: Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
Fulltext Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of 6-Aryl-2-Styrylquinazolin-4(3H)-Ones

Agbo EN, Makhafola TJ, Choong YS, Mphahlele MJ, Ramasami P

Molecules, 2015 Dec 25;21(1):E28.
PMID: 26712730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010028

Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of 6-bromo-2-styrylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones with arylboronic acids afforded a series of novel 6-aryl-2-styrylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones. These compounds were evaluated for potential anticancer properties against the human renal (TK-10), melanoma (UACC-62) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Their antimicrobial properties were also evaluated against six Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria, as well as two strains of fungi. Molecular docking studies (in silico) were conducted on compounds 5a, b, d and 6a, b, d-f to recognize the hypothetical binding motif of the title compounds within the active site of the dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase enzymes.

Matched MeSH terms: Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
Novel Ag/cellulose-doped CeO2 quantum dots for efficient dye degradation and bactericidal activity with molecular docking study

Ikram M, Hayat S, Imran M, Haider A, Naz S, Ul-Hamid A, et al.

Carbohydr Polym, 2021 Oct 01;269:118346.
PMID: 34294353 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118346

In the present study, the novel Ag/cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-doped CeO2 quantum dots (QDs) with highly efficient catalytic performance were synthesized using one pot co-precipitation technique, which were then applied in the degradation of methylene blue and ciprofloxacin (MBCF) in wastewater. Catalytic activity against MBCF dye was significantly reduced (99.3%) for (4%) Ag dopant concentration in acidic medium. For Ag/CNC-doped CeO2 vast inhibition domain of G-ve was significantly confirmed as (5.25-11.70 mm) and (7.15-13.60 mm), while medium- to high-concentration of CNC levels were calculated for G + ve (0.95 nm, 1.65 mm), respectively. Overall, (4%) Ag/CNC-doped CeO2 revealed significant antimicrobial activity against G-ve relative to G + ve at both concentrations, respectively. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking studies were performed against selected enzyme targets dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS), and DNA gyrase belonging to folate and nucleic acid biosynthetic pathway, respectively to rationalize possible mechanism behind bactericidal potential of CNC-CeO2 and Ag/CNC-CeO2.

Matched MeSH terms: Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/metabolism