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Fulltext Cowper's glands and ducts in urethrography

Peh WC, Khoo TK

Med J Malaysia, 1987 Dec;42(4):320-2.
PMID: 3454407

Opacification of both Cowper's glands and ducts is a rare finding in urethroqraphv.' Its demonstration almost always indicates an abnormality in the posterior urethra or posterior aspect of the bulbous urethra. Conversely, its visualisation may be a diagnostic pitfall, and may lead to misinterpretation. We present a case delineating both Cowper's glands and ducts, to illustrate its anatomy so as to help differentiate it from pathological conditions.

Matched MeSH terms: Urethral Stricture/radiography
MANAGEMENT OF PROSTATIC OBSTRUCTION IN THE ELDERLY MALE

MENON KA

Med J Malaysia, 1963 Dec;18:91-4.
PMID: 14117287
Matched MeSH terms: Urethral Stricture*
Fulltext The authors reply: Urethral strictures after bipolar transurethral resection of prostate may be linked to slow resection rate

Tan GH

Investig Clin Urol, 2018 01;59(1):68.
PMID: 29333519 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2018.59.1.68
Matched MeSH terms: Urethral Stricture*
Fulltext Overview of Urethral Reconstruction by Tissue Engineering: Current Strategies, Clinical Status and Future Direction

Rashidbenam Z, Jasman MH, Hafez P, Tan GH, Goh EH, Fam XI, et al.

Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2019 08;16(4):365-384.
PMID: 31413941 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00193-z

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract is subjected to a variety of disorders such as urethral stricture, which often develops as a result of scarring process. Urethral stricture can be treated by urethral dilation and urethrotomy; but in cases of long urethral strictures, substitution urethroplasty with genital skin and buccal mucosa grafts is the only option. However a number of complications such as infection as a result of hair growth in neo-urethra, and stone formation restrict the application of those grafts. Therefore, tissue engineering techniques recently emerged as an alternative approach, aiming to overcome those restrictions. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive coverage on the strategies employed and the translational status of urethral tissue engineering over the past years and to propose a combinatory strategy for the future of urethral tissue engineering.
METHODs: Data collection was based on the key articles published in English language in years between 2006 and 2018 using the searching terms of urethral stricture and tissue engineering on PubMed database.
RESULTS: Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into urothelial and smooth muscle cells to be used for urologic application does not offer any advantage over autologous urothelial and smooth muscle cells. Among studied scaffolds, synthetic scaffolds with proper porosity and mechanical strength is the best option to be used for urethral tissue engineering.
CONCLUSION: Hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells in combination with autologous cells seeded on a pre-vascularized synthetic and biodegradable scaffold can be said to be the best combinatory strategy in engineering of human urethra.

Matched MeSH terms: Urethral Stricture/surgery
Fulltext Trapped cystofix: Laparoscopic modality to untie

Muhamad A, Johan S, Khairuddin A, Hayati F, Payus AO, Zainal Abidin ZA

Urol Case Rep, 2021 Jan;34:101448.
PMID: 33088720 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101448

Suprapubic catheterization (SPC) is a temporary measure to relieve acute urinary retention (AUR). Despite being effective, it can lead to complications such as colon perforation, haematuria, and bladder wall spasm. We present a 52-year-old lady with cystofix for underlying urethral stricture presented with AUR. A new SPC was inserted to drain the urine. However, the SPC had looped and entangled with her cystofix, and laparoscopic removal of cystofix and insertion of a new SPC was done. In conclusion, trapped cystofix to the SPC tube is a potential complication during SPC insertion that can be avoided with appropriate care.

Matched MeSH terms: Urethral Stricture
Fulltext Urethral strictures after bipolar transurethral resection of prostate may be linked to slow resection rate

Tan GH, Shah SA, Ali NM, Goh EH, Singam P, Ho CCK, et al.

Investig Clin Urol, 2017 05;58(3):186-191.
PMID: 28480344 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2017.58.3.186

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the urethral stricture (US) rate and identify clinical and surgical risk factors associated with US occurrence after transurethral resection of the prostate using the bipolar Gyrus PlasmaKinetic Tissue Management System (PK-TURP).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an age-matched case-control study of US occurrence after PK-TURP. Retrospective data were collected from the hospital records of patients who had a minimum of 36 months of follow-up information. Among the data collected for analysis were prostate-specific antigen level, estimated prostate weight, the amount of prostate resected, operative time, history of urinary tract infection, previous transurethral resection of the prostate, and whether the PK-TURP was combined with other endourological procedures. The resection rate was calculated from the collected data. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify clinical and surgical risk factors related to US formation.
RESULTS: A total of 373 patients underwent PK-TURP between 2003 and 2009. There were 13 cases of US (3.5%), and most of them (10 of 13, 76.9%) presented within 24 months of surgery. Most of the US cases (11 of 13, 84.6%) occurred at the bulbar urethra. Multivariable logistic regression analyses identified slow resection rate as the only risk factor significantly associated with US occurrence.
CONCLUSIONS: The US rate of 3.5% after PK-TURP in this study is comparable to contemporary series. A slow resection rate seems to be related to US occurrence. This should be confirmed by further studies; meanwhile, we must be mindful of this possibility when operating with the PK-TURP system.

Matched MeSH terms: Urethral Stricture/etiology*
Fulltext Fabrication of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell-Based Self-Assembled Scaffold under Hypoxia and Mechanical Stimulation for Urethral Tissue Engineering

Rashidbenam Z, Jasman MH, Tan GH, Goh EH, Fam XI, Ho CCK, et al.

Int J Mol Sci, 2021 Mar 25;22(7).
PMID: 33805910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073350

Long urethral strictures are often treated with autologous genital skin and buccal mucosa grafts; however, risk of hair ingrowth and donor site morbidity, restrict their application. To overcome this, we introduced a tissue-engineered human urethra comprising adipose-derived stem cell (ASC)-based self-assembled scaffold, human urothelial cells (UCs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). ASCs were cultured with ascorbic acid to stimulate extracellular matrix (ECM) production. The scaffold (ECM) was stained with collagen type-I antibody and the thickness was measured under a confocal microscope. Results showed that the thickest scaffold (28.06 ± 0.59 μm) was achieved with 3 × 104 cells/cm2 seeding density, 100 μg/mL ascorbic acid concentration under hypoxic and dynamic culture condition. The biocompatibility assessment showed that UCs and SMCs seeded on the scaffold could proliferate and maintain the expression of their markers (CK7, CK20, UPIa, and UPII) and (α-SMA, MHC and Smootheline), respectively, after 14 days of in vitro culture. ECM gene expression analysis showed that the ASC and dermal fibroblast-based scaffolds (control) were comparable. The ASC-based scaffold can be handled and removed from the plate. This suggests that multiple layers of scaffold can be stacked to form the urothelium (seeded with UCs), submucosal layer (ASCs only), and smooth muscle layer (seeded with SMCs) and has the potential to be developed into a fully functional human urethra for urethral reconstructive surgeries.

Matched MeSH terms: Urethral Stricture
Fulltext Bilateral Hydroureteronephrosis with a Hypertrophied, Trabeculated Urinary Bladder

Iqbal S, Raiz I, Faiz I

Malays J Med Sci, 2017 Mar;24(2):106-115.
PMID: 28894411 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.2.14

Bilateral hydroureteronephrosis involves the dilatation of the renal pelvis, calyces and ureter; it develops secondary to urinary tract obstruction and leads to a build-up of back pressure in the urinary tract, and it may lead to impairment of renal function and ultimately culminate in renal failure. Although clinically silent in most cases, it can be diagnosed as an incidental finding during evaluation of an unrelated cause. In a minority of patients, it presents with signs and symptoms. Renal calculus is the most common cause, but there are multiple non-calculus aetiologies, and they depend on age and sex. Pelviureteric junction obstruction, benign prostatic hypertrophy, urethral stricture, neurogenic bladder, retroperitoneal mass and bladder outlet obstruction are some of the frequent causes of hydroureteronephrosis in adults. The incidence of non-calculus hydronephrosis is more common in males than in females. Ultrasonography is the most important baseline investigation in the evaluation of patients with hydronephrosis. Here, we report a rarely seen case of bilateral hydroureteronephrosis associated with a hypertrophied, trabeculated bladder in an adult male cadaver, suspected to be due to a primary bladder neck obstruction, and analyse its various other causes, clinical presentations and outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Urethral Stricture
Djenkol bean poisoning (djenkolism): proposals for treatment and prevention

West CE, Perrin DD, Shaw DC, Heap GH, Soemanto

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1973 Dec;4(4):564-70.
PMID: 4274568
Matched MeSH terms: Urethral Stricture/chemically induced