MyMedR

Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 24 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Mobile Patient Monitoring Systems from a Benchmarking Aspect: Challenges, Open Issues and Recommended Solutions

Almahdi EM, Zaidan AA, Zaidan BB, Alsalem MA, Albahri OS, Albahri AS

J Med Syst, 2019 May 29;43(7):207.
PMID: 31144129 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-019-1336-z

This paper presents comprehensive insights into mobile patient monitoring systems (MPMSs) from evaluation and benchmarking aspects on the basis of two critical directions. The current evaluation criteria of MPMSs based on the architectural components of MPMSs and possible solutions are discussed. This review highlights four serious issues, namely, multiple evaluation criteria, criterion importance, unmeasurable criteria and data variation, in MPMS benchmarking. Multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis techniques are proposed as effective solutions to solve these issues from a methodological aspect. This methodological aspect involves a framework for benchmarking MPMSs on the basis of MCDM to rank available MPMSs and select a suitable one. The benchmarking framework is discussed in four steps. Firstly, pre-processing and identification procedures are presented. Secondly, the procedure of weight calculation based on the best-worst method (BWM) is described. Thirdly, the development of a benchmark framework by using the VIKOR method is introduced. Lastly, the proposed framework is validated.

Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology
Fulltext Joining forces to prevent dementia: The International Research Network On Dementia Prevention (IRNDP)

Anstey KJ, Peters R, Clare L, Lautenschlager NT, Dodge HH, Barnes DE, et al.

Int Psychogeriatr, 2017 11;29(11):1757-1760.
PMID: 28899450 DOI: 10.1017/S1041610217001685

Dementia is a neurodegenerative disorder with global impact, with the largest proportion of cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries. It is estimated that there are 46.8 million cases globally with approximately 10 million new cases each year or a new case occurring every 3 sec (Prince et al., 2015). For comparison there are 36.7 million HIV cases with an estimated 2 million new cases each year (WHO, 2017). The rise in dementia prevalence is largely due to population ageing, with the oldest being at highest risk. To date there are no diseases modifying medications for Alzheimer's disease or the other causes of dementia. Academics and research groups are increasingly focused on prevention or delay of dementia (Brayne and Miller, 2017) and a number of organizations now prioritize dementia, indicating a strong and coherent international effort to address this problem. Examples include the World Health Organisation (WHO), which has established a Global Dementia Observatory; the World Dementia Council; the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); the U.S. National Alzheimer's Project Act (NAPA); and the Global Council on Brain Health.

Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology*
Fulltext Reliability and construct validity of the Early Dementia Questionnaire (EDQ)

Arabi Z, Syed Abdul Rahman SA, Hazmi H, Hamdin N

BMC Geriatr, 2016 11 30;16(1):202.
PMID: 27903242 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-016-0384-1

BACKGROUND: Early Dementia Questionnaire (EDQ) was developed as a screening tool to detect patients with early dementia in primary care. It was developed based on 20 symptoms of dementia. From a preliminary study, EDQ had been shown to be a promising alternative for screening of early dementia. This study was done to further test on EDQ's reliability and validity.

METHODS: Using a systematic random sampling, 200 elderly patients attending primary health care centers in Kuching, Sarawak had consented to participate in the study and were administered the EDQ. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to exclude patients with depression. Those who scored >21 MMSE, were retested using the EDQ. Reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (principle component with varimax rotation). Test retest Intraclass Correlation Coeeficient (ICC) was used to determine the reliability of the scale.

RESULTS: The result showed that the sensitivity and specificity for EDQ was 71.2% and 59.5%. The overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient was good which was 0.874. Confirmatory factor analysis on 4 factors indicated that the Cronbach's alpha for each domain were acceptable with memory (0.741), concentration (0.764), emotional and physical symptoms (0.754) and lastly sleep and environment (0.720). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient between the first EDQ score and the retest EDQ score among those with MMSE of >21 showed a very strong overall agreement, ICC = 0.764, N = 160, P <0.001.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of the validation study showed that Early Dementia Questionnaire (EDQ) is a valid and reliable tool to be used as a screening tool to detect early dementia in primary care.

Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology
Psychogeriatrics in South-East Asia

Chiu HF, Ng LL, Nivataphand R, Yong KC, Lengkong Y, Buenaventura RD, et al.

Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 1997 Oct;12(10):989-94.
PMID: 9395930

A common phenomenon in South-East Asia is ageing of the population. This article describes the various stages of development of psychogeriatrics in Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines. It is only in the last few years that more systematic development of psychogeriatric services has begun under the pressure of an ageing population. The model of service delivery in Hong Kong can serve as an example of development of psychogeriatric services in South-East Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology
Fulltext Prevalence of dementia in ischaemic or mixed stroke populations: systematic review and meta-analysis

Craig L, Hoo ZL, Yan TZ, Wardlaw J, Quinn TJ

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2022 02;93(2):180-187.
PMID: 34782389 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-325796

An understanding of the epidemiology of poststroke dementia (PSD) is necessary to inform research, practice and policy. With increasing primary studies, a contemporary review of PSD could allow for analyses of incidence and prevalence trends. Databases were searched using a prespecified search strategy. Eligible studies described an ischaemic or mixed stroke cohort with prospective clinical assessment for dementia. Pooled prevalence of dementia was calculated using random-effects models at any time after stroke (primary outcome) and at 1 year (range: 6-18 months), stratified for inclusion of prestroke dementia. Meta-regression explored the effect of year of study. Sensitivity analyses removed low-quality or outlier studies. Of 12 505 titles assessed, 44 studies were included in the quantitative analyses. At any time point after stroke, the prevalence of PSD was 16.5% (95% CI 10.4% to 25.1%) excluding prestroke dementia and 22.3% (95% CI 18.8% to 26.2%) including prestroke dementia. At 1 year, the prevalence of PSD was 18.4% (95% CI 7.4% to 38.7%) and 20.4% (95% CI 14.2% to 28.2%) with prestroke dementia included. In studies including prestroke dementia there was a negative association between dementia prevalence and year of study (slope coefficient=-0.05 (SD: 0.01), p<0.0001). Estimates were robust to sensitivity analyses. Dementia is common following stroke. At any point following stroke, more than one in five people will have dementia, although a proportion of this dementia predates the stroke. Declining prevalence of prestroke dementia may explain apparent reduction in PSD over time. Risk of dementia following stroke remains substantial and front-loaded, with high prevalence at 1 year post event.

Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology*
Fulltext Mild cognitive impairment and its management in older people

Eshkoor SA, Hamid TA, Mun CY, Ng CK

Clin Interv Aging, 2015;10:687-93.
PMID: 25914527 DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S73922

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a common condition in the elderly. It is characterized by deterioration of memory, attention, and cognitive function that is beyond what is expected based on age and educational level. MCI does not interfere significantly with individuals' daily activities. It can act as a transitional level of evolving dementia with a range of conversion of 10%-15% per year. Thus, it is crucial to protect older people against MCI and developing dementia. The preventive interventions and appropriate treatments should improve cognitive performance, and retard or prevent progressive deficits. The avoidance of toxins, reduction of stress, prevention of somatic diseases, implementation of mental and physical exercises, as well as the use of dietary compounds like antioxidants and supplements can be protective against MCI. The modification of risk factors such as stopping smoking, as well as the treatment of deficiency in vitamins and hormones by correcting behaviors and lifestyle, can prevent cognitive decline in the elderly. The progressive increase in the growth rate of the elderly population can enhance the rate of MCI all over the world. There is no exact cure for MCI and dementia; therefore, further studies are needed in the future to determine causes of MCI and risk factors of progression from MCI to dementia. This will help to find better ways for prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment worldwide.

Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology
Fulltext The effects of sleep quality, physical activity, and environmental quality on the risk of falls in dementia

Eshkoor SA, Hamid TA, Nudin SS, Mun CY

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen, 2013 Jun;28(4):403-7.
PMID: 23698600 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513488921

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the effects of sleep quality, physical activity, environmental quality, age, ethnicity, sex differences, marital status, and educational level on the risk of falls in the elderly individuals with dementia.
METHODOLOGY: Data were derived from a group of 1210 Malaysian elderly individuals who were noninstitutionalized and demented. The multiple logistic regression model was applied to estimate the risk of falls in respondents.
RESULTS: Approximately the prevalence of falls was 17% among the individuals. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.03), ethnicity (OR = 1.76), sleep quality (OR = 1.46), and environmental quality (OR = 0.62) significantly affected the risk of falls in individuals (P < .05). Furthermore, sex differences, marital status, educational level, and physical activity were not significant predictors of falls in samples (P > .05).
CONCLUSION: It was found that age, ethnic non-Malay, and sleep disruption increased the risk of falls in respondents, but high environmental quality reduced the risk of falls.

Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology*
Fulltext Importance of hypertension and social isolation in causing sleep disruption in dementia

Eshkoor SA, Hamid TA, Nudin SS, Mun CY

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen, 2014 Feb;29(1):61-6.
PMID: 24085252 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513505136

This study aimed to determine the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), heart disease, social isolation, and sociodemographic factors on sleep in the elderly patients with dementia. Samples included 1210 noninstitutionalized, Malaysian elderly patients with dementia. The multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the risk of sleep disturbances among respondents. Approximately 41% of the patients experienced sleep problems. The results showed that age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02), social isolation (OR = 1.33), and HT (OR = 1.53) significantly increased sleep disruption in respondents (P .05). It was concluded that age, social isolation, and HT increased sleep disruption but education and ethnic non-Malay reduced the risk of sleep problems. Moreover, HT was the most important variable to increase sleep disturbances in the elderly patients with dementia.

Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology*
Sociodemographic risk factors and correlates of dementia in older Malaysians

Hamid TA, Krishnaswamy S, Abdullah SS, Momtaz YA

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 2010;30(6):533-9.
PMID: 21252548 DOI: 10.1159/000321672

The rapid expansion of the aged population in Malaysia is expected to greatly increase the number of persons with dementia in the country. However, data on dementia prevalence at the national level is lacking, and little is known about the sociodemographic risk factors and correlates of dementia. This paper describes a nationwide study of dementia prevalence and its sociodemographic risk factors and health correlates among older Malaysians.

Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology*
Fulltext Psychiatric problems among the elderly in Malaysia

Krishnaswamy S

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Sep;52(3):222-5.
PMID: 10968089
Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology*
Prevalence of dementia among elderly Chinese and Malay residents of Singapore

Kua EH, Ko SM

Int Psychogeriatr, 1995;7(3):439-46.
PMID: 8821351

This is a comparative study of the prevalence of dementia among elderly Chinese and Malay persons living in the community in Singapore. The subjects, aged 65 years and over, were all living in public housing estates. Two hundred elderly Chinese and 149 elderly Malay persons were interviewed. They were first screened for any cognitive deficit with the Elderly Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (ECAQ). All those who scored 5 or fewer points on the ECAQ were then assessed with the Geriatric Mental State schedule. The results showed an overall dementia prevalence of 4.0% among the Malay elderly and 2.5% among the Chinese elderly. The rate of dementia of the Alzheimer's type was 1.8% for Chinese women and 1.5% for Malay women; for multi-infarct dementia the rate for Malay women was 4.4% and for Chinese women 0.9%. For Chinese and Malay men, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia was quite similar (1.1% and 1.2%).

Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology
Intellectual and physical activities, but not social activities, are associated with better global cognition: a multi-site evaluation of the cognition and lifestyle activity study for seniors in Asia (CLASSA)

Lam LC, Ong PA, Dikot Y, Sofiatin Y, Wang H, Zhao M, et al.

Age Ageing, 2015 Sep;44(5):835-40.
PMID: 26271049 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afv099

population ageing will lead to a leap in the dementia population in Asia. However, information about potentials for low-cost and low-risk interventions is limited.

Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology
Fulltext Factors associated with motoric cognitive risk syndrome among low-income older adults in Malaysia

Lau H, Mat Ludin AF, Shahar S, Badrasawi M, Clark BC

BMC Public Health, 2019 Jun 13;19(Suppl 4):462.
PMID: 31196017 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6869-z

BACKGROUND: Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is characterized by slow gait and memory complaints that could be used to predict an increased risk of dementia. This study aims to determine the MCR syndrome and its risk factors among low-income (B40) older adults in Malaysia.
METHODS: Data from TUA cohort study involving 1366 older adults (aged 60 years and above) categorized as low-income were analysed, for risk of MCR syndrome based on defined criteria. Chi-square analysis and independent t test were employed to examine differences in socioeconomic, demographic, chronic diseases and lifestyle factors between MCR and non-MCR groups. Risk factors of MCR syndrome were determined using hierarchical logistic regression.
RESULTS: A total of 3.4% of participants fulfilled the criteria of MCR syndrome. Majority of them were female (74.5%, p = 0.001), single/widow/widower/divorced (55.3%, p = 0.002), living in rural area (72.3%, p = 0.011), older age (72.74 ± 7.08 year old, p dementia, especially among individuals with low socioeconomic status.

Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology*
Do depression and educational attainment mediate the association between ethnicity and dementia?

Momtaz YA, Hamid TA, Yusoff S, Ibrahim R

Gerontology, 2013;59(3):206-12.
PMID: 23147388 DOI: 10.1159/000342254

Research shows marked differences in the prevalence of dementia among different ethnic groups. However, there is a relative dearth of studies focusing on how ethnicity may influence dementia. The main aim of the current study is to test potential mediating effects of depression and level of education on the association between ethnicity and dementia.

Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology*
Fulltext Gastritis May Boost Odds of Dementia

Momtaz YA, Hamid TA, Ibrahim R

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen, 2014 Aug;29(5):452-6.
PMID: 24408749 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513518654

INTRODUCTION: Given the high prevalence of dementia and its devastating consequences, identifying risk factors for dementia is a public health priority. The present study aims to assess whether gastritis increases the odds of dementia.
METHODOLOGY: The data for this study, consisting of 2926 community-dwelling older adults, were obtained from the National survey entitled "Mental Health and Quality of Life of Older Malaysians." Dementia was diagnosed using the Geriatric Mental State-Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer-Assisted Taxonomy.
RESULTS: Prevalence of dementia was considerably higher among older adults with gastritis (29.5%) compared to those without gastritis (13.2%). After adjusting for age, gender, marital status, educational attainment, hypertension, stroke, and diabetes, gastritis was significantly associated with more than twice odds of dementia (adjusted odds ratio = 2.42, P < .001, 95% confidence interval = 1.68-3.49).
CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this population-based observational study showing evidence that gastritis may increase the risk of dementia provide avenue for further inquiries into dementia.

Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology*
Ethnic variations in dementia: the contributions of cardiovascular, psychosocial and neuropsychological factors

Ng TP, Leong T, Chiam PC, Kua EH

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 2010;29(2):131-8.
PMID: 20145399 DOI: 10.1159/000275668

Ethnic variations in dementia rate have been reported worldwide. Understanding these differences is vital for aetiological research, clinical care and health service planning. While age and gender have been consistently implicated, the reasons behind interethnic variation remain unclear.

Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology*
Fulltext Use of Potentially Inappropriate Medications in People With Dementia in Vietnam and Its Associated Factors

Nguyen TA, Pham T, Vu HTT, Nguyen TX, Vu TT, Nguyen BTT, et al.

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen, 2018 Nov;33(7):423-432.
PMID: 29642720 DOI: 10.1177/1533317518768999

This study examined the use of potentially inappropriate medicines that may affect cognition (PIMcog) in people with dementia and its associated factors. Medical records of all outpatients with dementia attending a tertiary hospital in Vietnam between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016, were examined. Medicine use was assessed against a list of PIMcog. Variables associated with having a PIMcog were assessed using a multiple logistic regression. Of the 128 patients, 41% used a PIMcog, 39.1% used cholinesterase inhibitors (CEIs) concomitantly with anticholinergics, and 18% used antipsychotics. The number of hospital visits (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.16) and number of treating specialists (adjusted OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.45-0.83) were associated with PIMcog use. This study highlights a high-level use of medicines that can further impair cognition or reduce the effectiveness of CEIs in people with dementia. Efforts to improve quality use of medicines for this population are warranted.

Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology*
Item response bias was present in instrumental activity of daily living scale in Asian older adults

Niti M, Ng TP, Chiam PC, Kua EH

J Clin Epidemiol, 2007 Apr;60(4):366-74.
PMID: 17346611

Item response bias (also called differential item functioning, DIF) in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) occurs when members of different groups possessing the same disability level do not have the same probability of responding positively for a given item(s). This study aimed to identify the extent of DIF by gender, age, ethnicity, and dementia groups in IADL estimates in Asian (Chinese, Malays, and Indian) elderly subjects.

Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology
Fulltext Proportion of dementia and its associated factors among elderly patients attending outpatient clinics of Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital

Norlaily H, Azidah AK, Asrenee AR, Rohayah H, Juwita S

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Jun;64(2):140-5.
PMID: 20058574 MyJurnal

The increase in life expectancy observed over the last decade has particular relevance for conditions such as cognitive decline and dementia. This is a cross sectional study to determine the rate of dementia and to identify its associated factors among 399 elderly patients attending outpatient clinics of Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital. This study was conducted in 2 phases. In the first phase, the literate subjects were screened using validated Malay version of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the illiterate subjects with Malay version of Elderly Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (ECAQ). All subjects suspected to have dementia were selected for further evaluation in phase 2 of this study. The second phase involved full clinical examination in order to establish clinical diagnosis of dementia. The proportion of dementia in this study was 2.5% (10). Although history of exposure to pesticide (p < 0.05) and history of stroke (p < 0.05) were significant, they were not significant factors. These were because vast discrepancy in number between those exposed to pesticide and having stroke between dementia and non dementia.

Study site: Outpatient clinics, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM)

Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology*
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Caregiver Dependence among Older Adults in a Southeast Asian Population

Picco L, Abdin E, Vaingankar JA, Pang S, Shafie S, Sambasivam R, et al.

Ann Acad Med Singap, 2016 Nov;45(11):486-494.
PMID: 27922142

INTRODUCTION: Currently very little is known about the prevalence or magnitude of caregiver dependence in Singapore and thus, there is a need to fill this gap in this multiethnic ageing population. This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of caregiver dependence among older adults in Singapore.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were used from the Well-being of the Singapore Elderly (WiSE) study, a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey among Singapore residents aged 60 years and above. Caregiver dependence was ascertained by asking the informant (the person who knows the older person best) a series of open-ended questions about the older person's care needs.
RESULTS: The older adult sample comprised 57.1% females and the majority were aged 60 to 74 years (74.8%), while 19.5% were 75 to 84 years, and 5.7% were 85 years and above. The prevalence of caregiver dependence was 17.2% among older adults. Significant sociodemographic risk factors of caregiver dependence included older age (75 to 84 years, and 85 years and above, P <0.001), Malay and Indian ethnicity (P <0.001), those who have never been married (P = 0.048) or have no education (P = 0.035), as well as being homemakers or retired (P <0.001). After adjusting for sociodemographic variables and all health conditions in multiple logistic regression analyses, dementia (P <0.001), depression (P = 0.011), stroke (P = 0.002), eyesight problems (P = 0.003), persistent cough (P = 0.016), paralysis (P <0.001), asthma (P = 0.016) and cancer (P = 0.026) were significantly associated with caregiver dependence.
CONCLUSION: Various sociodemographic and health-related conditions were significantly associated with caregiver dependence. Dependent older adults will put greater demands on health and social services, resulting in greater healthcare expenditures. Hence, effective planning, services and support are crucial to meet the needs of dependent older adults and their caregivers.

Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology*

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links