Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 129 in total

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  1. Islam MA, Alam F, Kamal MA, Gan SH, Sasongko TH, Wong KK
    PMID: 28824414 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00250
    Growing evidences are supporting towards the involvement of antiphospholipid antibodies [aPLs e.g., lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-β2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2-GPI) antibodies] in various neurological manifestations including migraine, epilepsy and dementia in the presence or absence of autoimmune diseases such as antiphospholipid syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the presence of aPLs in dementia patients without a diagnosis of any autoimmune disease. Electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar) were searched without any year or language restrictions and based on the inclusion criteria, nine prospective case-control studies assessing only aCL were included involving 372 dementia patients and 337 healthy controls. No studies were found to assess the presence of both LA or anti-β2-GPI. The study-specific odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects model. We observed the prevalence of aCL in dementia was higher (32.80%) than that of controls (9.50%) e.g., 3.45 times higher risk of presenting with dementia than the controls, and significant presence of aCL antibodies was detected in dementia patients compared to controls (OR: 4.94, 95% CI: 2.66 - 9.16, p < 0.00001; I2 = 32%, p = 0.16). Publication bias was not observed from Egger's (p = 0.081) and Begg's tests (p = 0.180). Based on the study quality assessment using modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for case-control studies, seven of nine studies were of high methodological quality scoring ≥ 7 (median value). In summary, aCL antibodies were significantly present in dementia patients suggesting that aCL antibodies are generated due to the autoimmune-derived effects of dementia or there might be a potential causative role of this autoantibody in dementia pathogenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia*
  2. Ab Malik N, Walls AWG
    Med J Malaysia, 2022 Nov;77(6):771-772.
    PMID: 36448399
    No abstract available.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia*
  3. Cheang YW, Ng CG, Petrus CF, Ramly SS, Teh EE, Ng YH, et al.
    Psychogeriatrics, 2023 Jul;23(4):738-741.
    PMID: 37283246 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12989
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia*
  4. Al-Qazzaz NK, Ali SH, Ahmad SA, Chellappan K, Islam MS, Escudero J
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:906038.
    PMID: 25093211 DOI: 10.1155/2014/906038
    The early detection and classification of dementia are important clinical support tasks for medical practitioners in customizing patient treatment programs to better manage the development and progression of these diseases. Efforts are being made to diagnose these neurodegenerative disorders in the early stages. Indeed, early diagnosis helps patients to obtain the maximum treatment benefit before significant mental decline occurs. The use of electroencephalogram as a tool for the detection of changes in brain activities and clinical diagnosis is becoming increasingly popular for its capabilities in quantifying changes in brain degeneration in dementia. This paper reviews the role of electroencephalogram as a biomarker based on signal processing to detect dementia in early stages and classify its severity. The review starts with a discussion of dementia types and cognitive spectrum followed by the presentation of the effective preprocessing denoising to eliminate possible artifacts. It continues with a description of feature extraction by using linear and nonlinear techniques, and it ends with a brief explanation of vast variety of separation techniques to classify EEG signals. This paper also provides an idea from the most popular studies that may help in diagnosing dementia in early stages and classifying through electroencephalogram signal processing and analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/diagnosis*
  5. Rashid NSA, Chen XW, Mohamad Marzuki MF, Takshe AA, Okasha A, Maarof F, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Sep 20;19(19).
    PMID: 36231181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911880
    The impact of dementia on caregivers is complex and multi-dimensional. In low- and middle-income settings, caregivers are often left without adequate support, despite their multiple needs. These include health information, caregiving skills, social and emotional support, and access to local resources-all of which can be partially fulfilled by technology. In recent years, mobile apps have emerged and proven useful for caregivers. We found a few existing apps suitable for Malaysian users in terms of affordability and cultural and linguistic compatibility. Our study aims to design a mobile app that suits dementia caregivers in Malaysia and consists of three phases. Phase I is content development that employs Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Nominal Group Technique (NGT) involving field experts. Phase II comprises a mobile app (Demensia KITA) designed in collaboration with a software developer specializing in mobile health apps. Phase III entails testing the usability of the app using the Malay version of the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (M-MAUQ). This study protocol elaborates on the rigorous steps of designing a mobile app and testing its usability, along with anticipated challenges. Our protocol will provide insight for future researchers, healthcare providers, and policymakers and pave the way for better use of digital technology in the field of aging and caregiving.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia*
  6. Chan KY, Adeloye D, Asante KP, Calia C, Campbell H, Danso SO, et al.
    J Glob Health, 2019 Dec;9(2):020103.
    PMID: 31893025 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.09.020103
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/prevention & control*
  7. Boruah AP, Thakur KT, Gadani SP, Kothari KU, Chomba M, Guekht A, et al.
    J Neurol Sci, 2023 Dec 15;455:120858.
    PMID: 37948972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120858
    BACKGROUND: Pre-existing neurological diseases have been identified as risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection and death. There is a lack of comprehensive literature review assessing the relationship between pre-existing neurological conditions and COVID-19 outcomes. Identification of high risk groups is critical for optimal treatment and care.

    METHODS: A literature review was conducted for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and scoping reviews published between January 1, 2020 and January 1, 2023. Literature assessing individuals with pre-existing neurological diseases and COVID-19 infection was included. Information regarding infection severity was extracted, and potential limitations were identified.

    RESULTS: Thirty-nine articles met inclusion criteria, with data assessing >3 million patients from 51 countries. 26/51 (50.9%) of countries analyzed were classified as high income, while the remaining represented middle-low income countries (25/51; 49.0%). A majority of evidence focused on the impact of cerebrovascular disease (17/39; 43.5%) and dementia (5/39; 12.8%) on COVID-19 severity and mortality. 92.3% of the articles (36/39) suggested a significant association between neurological conditions and increased risk of severe COVID-19 and mortality. Cerebrovascular disease, dementia, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy were associated with increased COVID severity and mortality.

    CONCLUSION: Pre-existing neurological diseases including cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease are significant risk factors for severity of COVID-19 infection and mortality in the acute infectious period. Given that 61.5% (24/39) of the current evidence only includes data from 2020, further updated literature is crucial to identify the relationship between chronic neurological conditions and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 variants.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia*
  8. Chee KY, Gaillard F, Velakoulis D, Ang CL, Chin LK, Ariffin R
    Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2017 Nov;51(11):1157-1158.
    PMID: 28462591 DOI: 10.1177/0004867417707821
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/diagnosis*; Dementia/genetics; Dementia/pathology; Dementia/physiopathology
  9. Grewal GS, Kanagasundram S, Jambunathan S
    Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 2011;22(4):266-8.
    PMID: 22143952
    Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is now increasingly being recognized as one of the causes of young onset dementia (YOD). The presentation of FTD can be subtle with a broad range of symptoms. This frequently causes misdiagnosis and a delay in initiating the correct treatment. While subtle personality changes, disinhibition and problems in executive functioning are frequently encountered in FTD, frank psychotic symptoms resembling schizophrenia are unusual. This is a case of a 38 year old Chinese female that highlights how obsessive compulsive symptoms which progressed to florid psychosis and disorganized speech and behavior can be a presenting picture in FTD. For seven years, this patient was treated as a case of schizophrenia and was thought to have poor response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as well as antipsychotic medication. Her blood work and electroencephalogram (EEG) were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed progressive cerebral atrophy. This case report suggests that psychosis should be investigated in detail especially when the clinical presentation is not typical of a functional disorder and more so when the patient is not responsive to conventional treatment. This report also highlights the importance of eliciting symptoms suggestive of an "organic" etiology, such as incontinence and disorientation. In addition, the usefulness of repeated imaging to show the rapidly progressive course of FTD has been illustrated. Other possible differential diagnoses of this patient are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Frontotemporal Dementia/diagnosis*; Frontotemporal Dementia/psychology
  10. Subramaniam P, Woods B
    Clin Interv Aging, 2016;11:1263-1276.
    PMID: 27698556
    There is increasing interest in using information and communication technology to help older adults with dementia to engage in reminiscence work. Now, the feasibility of such approaches is beginning to be established. The purpose of this study was to establish an evidence-base for the acceptability and efficacy of using multimedia digital life storybooks with people with dementia in care homes, in comparison with conventional life storybooks, taking into account the perspectives of people with dementia, their relatives, and care staff.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/psychology*; Dementia/therapy*
  11. Guure CB, Ibrahim NA, Adam MB, Said SM
    Biomed Res Int, 2017;2017:9016924.
    PMID: 28271072 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9016924
    The association of physical activity with dementia and its subtypes has remained controversial in the literature and has continued to be a subject of debate among researchers. A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies on the relationship between physical activity and the risk of cognitive decline, all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia among nondemented subjects are considered. A comprehensive literature search in all available databases was conducted up until April 2016. Well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed with focus on prospective studies ≥ 12 months. The overall sample from all studies is 117410 with the highest follow-up of 28 years. The analyses are performed with both Bayesian parametric and nonparametric models. Our analysis reveals a protective effect for high physical activity on all-cause dementia, odds ratio of 0.79, 95% CI (0.69, 0.88), a higher and better protective effect for Alzheimer's disease, odds ratio of 0.62, 95% CI (0.49, 0.75), cognitive decline odds ratio of 0.67, 95% CI (0.55, 0.78), and a nonprotective effect for vascular dementia of 0.92, 95% CI (0.62, 1.30). Our findings suggest that physical activity is more protective against Alzheimer's disease than it is for all-cause dementia, vascular dementia, and cognitive decline.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/classification*; Dementia/physiopathology*
  12. Al-Qazzaz NK, Ali SH, Ahmad SA, Islam S
    Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 2014;10:1743-51.
    PMID: 25246795 DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S68443
    The early detection of poststroke dementia (PSD) is important for medical practitioners to customize patient treatment programs based on cognitive consequences and disease severity progression. The aim is to diagnose and detect brain degenerative disorders as early as possible to help stroke survivors obtain early treatment benefits before significant mental impairment occurs. Neuropsychological assessments are widely used to assess cognitive decline following a stroke diagnosis. This study reviews the function of the available neuropsychological assessments in the early detection of PSD, particularly vascular dementia (VaD). The review starts from cognitive impairment and dementia prevalence, followed by PSD types and the cognitive spectrum. Finally, the most usable neuropsychological assessments to detect VaD were identified. This study was performed through a PubMed and ScienceDirect database search spanning the last 10 years with the following keywords: "post-stroke"; "dementia"; "neuro-psychological"; and "assessments". This study focuses on assessing VaD patients on the basis of their stroke risk factors and cognitive function within the first 3 months after stroke onset. The search strategy yielded 535 articles. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, only five articles were considered. A manual search was performed and yielded 14 articles. Twelve articles were included in the study design and seven articles were associated with early dementia detection. This review may provide a means to identify the role of neuropsychological assessments as early PSD detection tests.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia; Dementia, Vascular
  13. Khoo KF, Tan HJ, Rosdinom R, Raymond AA, Norlinah MI, Shamsul A, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):105-10.
    PMID: 23629553 MyJurnal
    Depression among patients with vascular dementia is frequently overlooked and potentially causes significant morbidity. There is limited data in Malaysia on the subject and this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression in vascular dementia (VaD) in UKMMC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia, Vascular*
  14. Krishnaswamy S
    Med J Malaysia, 1997 Sep;52(3):222-5.
    PMID: 10968089
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology*
  15. Wu M, Li M, Yuan J, Liang S, Chen Z, Ye M, et al.
    Pharmacol Res, 2020 05;155:104693.
    PMID: 32057896 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104693
    Hormone therapy continues to be a favourable option in the management of menopausal symptomatology, but the associated risk-benefit ratios with respect to neurodegenerative diseases remain controversial. The study aim was to determine the relation between menopausal hormone therapy and Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and Parkinson's disease in human subjects. A literature search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Cochrane collaboration, and Scopus databases from onset of the database to September 2019. Random-effects model was used to estimate pooled odd ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup analysis was performed based on the type and formulation of hormone. In addition, the time-response effect of this relationship was also assessed based on duration of hormone therapy. Associations between hormone therapy and Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and Parkinson's disease in menopausal women were reported in 28 studies. Pooled results with random effect model showed a significant association between hormone therapy and Alzheimer's disease (OR 1.08, 95 % CI 1.03-1.14, I2: 69 %). This relationship was more pronounced in patients receiving the combined estrogen-progestogen formulation. Moreover, a significant non-linear time-response association between hormone therapy and Alzheimer's disease was also identified (Coef1 = 0.0477, p1<0.001; Coef2 = -0.0932, p2<0.001). Similarly, pooled analysis revealed a significant association between hormone therapy and all-cause dementia (OR 1.16, 95 % CI 1.02-1.31, I2: 19 %). Interestingly, no comparable relationship was uncovered between hormone therapy as a whole and Parkinson's disease (OR 1.14, 95 % CI 0.95-1.38, I2: 65 %); however, sub-group analysis revealed a significant relationship between the disease and progestogen (OR 3.41, 95 % CI 1.23-9.46) or combined estrogen-progestogen formulation use (OR 1.49, 95 % CI 1.34-1.65). Indeed, this association was also found to be driven by duration of exposure (Coef1 = 0.0626, p1 = 0.04). This study reveals a significant direct relationship between the use of certain hormonal therapies and Alzheimer's disease, all-cause dementia, and Parkinson's disease in menopausal women. However, the association appears to shift in direct after five years in the context of Alzheimer's disease, adding further weight to the critical window or timing hypothesis of neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia/epidemiology*
  16. Lai, Mee Huong, Rosdinom Razali
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2013;14(2):170-174.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: This case report highlights the issue of hypersexuality in persons with dementia and outlines the possible etiology and challenges associated with interventions of inappropriate sexual behaviors in dementia.

    Methods: We report a 75-year-old male with vascular dementia who developed hypersexuality and aggression towards his wife. The management plans are elaborated in this paper.

    Results: A combination of pharmacological and psychosocial intervention lead to the resolution of his inappropriate sexual behavior and improvement in his relationships with his wife and children.

    Conclusion: Inappropriate sexual behaviors need to be recognized and managed without compromising the fulfillment of the human's basic need of sexuality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia; Dementia, Vascular
  17. Rozanizam Zakaria, Asrenee Ab Razak
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2017;18(1):20-30.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: The psychological impact of care giving responsibility for dementia patients is significant regardless of the cultural background. Most of the current advanced caregivers’ interventions, originating from developed western countries, do not necessarily apply to local settings. Hence, there is a need for an effective culturally competent psychological intervention for these caregivers. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of the cultural-based support group for Malay caregivers of dementia patients in Kelantan towards their burden, anxiety and depression level, and quality of life.
    Methods: This was an experimental study, without control, investigating pre and post support group intervention effectiveness in reducing caregiver burden, anxiety and depression, and improving the quality of life. Sixteen caregivers completed the program, which involved seven fortnightly support group sessions with duration of 2 hours each, conducted over twelve weeks. Caregivers’ burden was assessed using Caregiver Strain Index (CSI) while their psychological well-being was objectively assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). WHO Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to measure the quality of life. The validated Malay versions of the questionnaires were used.
    Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in the level of caregiver burden (p = or < 0.001). Measurement of both scores of anxiety and depression comparing pre and post intervention also showed improvement, but statistically were not significant. Assessment of caregivers’ quality of life showed statistically significant improvement in the domains of social, psychological and physical (all with the p-value <0.05). Discussion: Our cultural-based support group is an effective intervention to improve burden, psychological well-being and quality of life among local caregivers of dementia patients.
    Keyword: Dementia Caregivers, Support Group, Malay, Burden, Quality of Life
    Study site: Memory clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia*
  18. Tang KS
    Curr Neuropharmacol, 2021;19(2):127-135.
    PMID: 32525774 DOI: 10.2174/1570159X18666200611144825
    Dementia is a collection of symptoms affecting a person's cognition. Dementia is debilitating, and therefore, finding an effective treatment is of utmost importance. Resveratrol, which exhibits neuroprotective effects, has low bioavailability. However, its glucoside polydatin is more bioavailable. Here, the evidence that supports the protective role of polydatin against dementia- related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, alcohol-related dementia, and Lewy body dementias is presented. The beneficial effects of polydatin from a mechanistic perspective are specifically emphasized in this review. Future directions in this area of research are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia*
  19. Subramaniam P, Thillainathan P, Mat Ghani NA, Sharma S
    PLoS One, 2023;18(10):e0291620.
    PMID: 37796820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291620
    The Life Story Book has been commonly used in promoting person-centred care in older adults, especially for persons with dementia. This involves collecting the life stories and memories of the person living with dementia and compiling them into a book or folder, which is used by staff or family to assist the person recall these memories. Evidence on the use, benefits and influences of the Life Story Book in dementia care is limited. This systematic literature review aimed to collect past reviews and provide a thorough overview of the use, benefits, and impact of the Life Story Book for the person with dementia, the relatives, family, and caregivers. The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science as well as grey literature through Google Scholar were searched to select the relevant studies. Seven studies that meet the inclusion criteria were selected and data synthesised. Findings revealed that the use of the Life Story Book has no specific guidelines and has been described with numerous characteristics and varied implementation methods. The Life Story Book intervention is found to provide positive outcomes for the person with dementia and the carers involved. Six out of the seven studies reported that Life Story Book enhanced communication between persons with dementia, relatives, care staff, and residents. The review extends the current evidence on the usage of the Life Story Book in dementia care and confirms that the use of life stories leads to better care in various settings. However, more research is needed to reveal the potential of the Life Story Book in enhancing communication. Guidelines and training are also required to make the best use of the Life Story Book.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dementia*
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