MyMedR

Fulltext miRNA nanotherapeutics: potential and challenges in respiratory disorders

Mehta M, Chellappan DK, Wich PR, Hansbro NG, Hansbro PM, Dua K

Future Med Chem, 2020 06;12(11):987-990.

PMID: 32270706 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0066

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/drug therapy*; Lung Diseases/metabolism

Fulltext Unilateral pulmonary vein atresia presenting with recurrent haemoptysis in a child: a case report

Wong MNL, Tang IP, Chor YK, Lau KS, John AR, Hii KC, et al.

BMC Pediatr, 2020 09 24;20(1):448.

PMID: 32972390 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02348-7

BACKGROUND: Haemoptysis is an uncommon presenting symptom in children and is usually caused by acute lower respiratory tract infection or foreign body aspiration. We report a rare case of right unilateral pulmonary vein atresia (PVA) as the underlying aetiology of recurrent haemoptysis in a child.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 4 years old girl presented with history of recurrent haemoptysis. Bronchoscopic evaluation excluded a foreign body aspiration but revealed right bronchial mucosal hyperaemia and varices. Diagnosis of right unilateral PVA was suspected on transthoracic echocardiography which demonstrated hypoplastic right pulmonary artery and non-visualization of right pulmonary veins. Final diagnosis was confirmed on cardiac CT angiography. A conservative treatment approach was opted with consideration for pneumonectomy in future when she is older.

CONCLUSION: Rarer causes should be considered when investigating for recurrent haemoptysis in children. Bronchoscopy and cardiac imaging are useful tools to establish the diagnosis of unilateral PVA in our case.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases*

Unilateral diffuse lung opacification in an asymptomatic woman

Khajotia RR, Raman S

Aust Fam Physician, 2017 Nov;46(11):845-846.

PMID: 29101921

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/congenital*; Lung Diseases/diagnosis

Two cases of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia from Sabah

Barclay R

Med J Malaya, 1966 Dec;21(2):131-2.

PMID: 4227383

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/epidemiology*

Fulltext Tumour mutation burden of non-small cell lung cancer with pre-existing ILD

Liam CK

Respirology, 2020 08;25(8):784-786.

PMID: 31805607 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13750

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases, Interstitial*

Fulltext Tuberous sclerosis with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis and renal angiomyolipomas

Hui Min Chong, Shien Yee Ng

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2014;8(2):30-34.

MyJurnal

The case report describes the presentation of a 19-year old female with tuberous sclerosis who presented with progressive dyspnoea over 2 days.
Chest radiograph revealed bilateral pneumothorax. Computed tomography showed features of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis and bilateral renal angiomyolipomas. The coexistence of both conditions may cause devastating morbidity and mortality.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases, Interstitial

Tropical pulmonary diseases

Bovornkitti S

Respirology, 1996 Mar;1(1):11-21.

PMID: 9432400

The term 'tropical' refers to the region of the Earth lying between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. Located between these equatorial parallels demarcating the Torrid Zone are several underdeveloped and developing countries: Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, southern India, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Cuba, Ethiopia, Sudan and Nigeria, to name but a few considered to be 'tropical'. The climate in most of these countries is characterized by high temperatures and high humidity. The tropical climate and general state of socio-economic underdevelopment in such countries provide an ideal environment for pathogenic organisms, their vectors and intermediate hosts to flourish. Furthermore, the cultural habits and educational background of the people living in such countries expose them to pathogens and, when these people become infected, they readily become reservoirs for, or carriers of, those organisms. Ultimately, the adverse socioeconomic conditions of underdeveloped countries impede attempts to eradicate or control tropical diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases, Parasitic

Fulltext The value of routine chest radiographs in acute asthma admissions

Ismail Y, Loo CS, Zahary MK

Singapore Med J, 1994 Apr;35(2):171-2.

PMID: 7939814

We reviewed 116 chest radiographs done in 70 adult asthmatic patients who were admitted to the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from January to December 1989. The chest radiographs were abnormal in 23% of cases. Twelve percent showed hyperinflation and 7% had pneumonia. Eight patients diagnosed clinically to have pneumonia had normal chest radiographs. Seven patients had radiographic findings of conditions which were unsuspected clinically. These included two cases of pneumonia, one case each of fibrosing alveolitis, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, mitral stenosis with left ventricular failure and right pleural effusion. In conclusion, we found that significant chest radiograph abnormalities in adult patients admitted for asthma were uncommon although chest radiographs were helpful in detecting complications or coincidental conditions. Chest radiograph is therefore an important investigation in adult asthmatic patients who are admitted. However, considering the cost and the risk of radiation, it should be done only in selective cases rather than as a routine procedure.
Study site: Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases, Obstructive/radiography*

The use of mesenchymal stromal cells in treatment of lung disorders

Kardia E, Zakaria N, Sarmiza Abdul Halim NS, Widera D, Yahaya BH

Regen Med, 2017 03;12(2):203-216.

PMID: 28244823 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0112

The therapeutic use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represents a promising alternative clinical strategy for treating acute and chronic lung disorders. Several preclinical reports demonstrated that MSCs can secrete multiple paracrine factors and that their immunomodulatory properties can support endothelial and epithelial regeneration, modulate the inflammatory cascade and protect lungs from damage. The effects of MSC transplantation into patients suffering from lung diseases should be fully evaluated through careful assessment of safety and associated risks, which is a prerequisite for translation of preclinical research into clinical practice. In this article, we summarize the current status of preclinical research and review initial MSC-based clinical trials for treating lung injuries and lung disorders.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/therapy*

The roentgenographic appearance of eosinophilic lung (tropical eosinophilia)

Khoo FY, Danaraj TJ

Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med, 1960 Feb;83:251-9.

PMID: 14408899

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/pathology*

Fulltext The rabbit as a model for studying lung disease and stem cell therapy

Kamaruzaman NA, Kardia E, Kamaldin N', Latahir AZ, Yahaya BH

Biomed Res Int, 2013;2013:691830.

PMID: 23653896 DOI: 10.1155/2013/691830

No single animal model can reproduce all of the human features of both acute and chronic lung diseases. However, the rabbit is a reliable model and clinically relevant facsimile of human disease. The similarities between rabbits and humans in terms of airway anatomy and responses to inflammatory mediators highlight the value of this species in the investigation of lung disease pathophysiology and in the development of therapeutic agents. The inflammatory responses shown by the rabbit model, especially in the case of asthma, are comparable with those that occur in humans. The allergic rabbit model has been used extensively in drug screening tests, and this model and humans appear to be sensitive to similar drugs. In addition, recent studies have shown that the rabbit serves as a good platform for cell delivery for the purpose of stem-cell-based therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/therapy*

The potential of siRNA based drug delivery in respiratory disorders: Recent advances and progress

Dua K, Wadhwa R, Singhvi G, Rapalli V, Shukla SD, Shastri MD, et al.

Drug Dev Res, 2019 09;80(6):714-730.

PMID: 31691339 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21571

Lung diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The currently available therapies are not sufficient, leading to the urgent need for new therapies with sustained anti-inflammatory effects. Small/short or silencing interfering RNA (siRNA) has potential therapeutic implications through post-transcriptional downregulation of the target gene expression. siRNA is essential in gene regulation, so is more favorable over other gene therapies due to its small size, high specificity, potency, and no or low immune response. In chronic respiratory diseases, local and targeted delivery of siRNA is achieved via inhalation. The effectual delivery can be attained by the generation of aerosols via inhalers and nebulizers, which overcomes anatomical barriers, alveolar macrophage clearance and mucociliary clearance. In this review, we discuss the different siRNA nanocarrier systems for chronic respiratory diseases, for safe and effective delivery. siRNA mediated pro-inflammatory gene or miRNA targeting approach can be a useful approach in combating chronic respiratory inflammatory conditions and thus providing sustained drug delivery, reduced therapeutic dose, and improved patient compliance. This review will be of high relevance to the formulation, biological and translational scientists working in the area of respiratory diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases

Fulltext The immediate outcome of ventilation for pulmonary diseases

Yaacob I, Mustafa M

Singapore Med J, 1994 Oct;35(5):512-4.

PMID: 7701374

Fifty-eight patients were ventilated for acute respiratory failure complicating respiratory diseases between 1985 to 1990. There were 19 cases of chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), 17 cases of asthma, 16 cases of pneumonia and 6 cases with other diagnoses. Overall, 40% of patients survived and were discharged from the ward. Patients with pneumonia had the lowest survival rate (25%) whilst the survival rates for asthma and COAD were 47% and 42% respectively. Increasing age had an inverse relationship to survival rate (r = 0.96, p < 0.05) but the duration of ventilation did not correlate with survival. Patients who were electively ventilated before respiratory arrest had a better chance of survival (57%) compared with only 18% survival rate in patients who were ventilated as an emergency (x2 = 4.47, p < 0.05). Patients who developed other organ failure had higher mortality (71%) than those who did not (22%; x2 = 2.14, p < 0.05). We conclude that patients younger than 50 years of age, who were electively ventilated and without other organ failure had a better immediate survival after assisted ventilation.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/complications*

The filarial complement fixation test in eosinophilic lung (a preliminary report)

Danaraj TJ, D'Silva LS, Schacher JF

Proceedings of the Alumni Association of Malaya, 1957;10:109-116.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases

The etiology and pathology of eosinophilic lung (tropical eosinophilia)

Danaraj TJ, Pacheco G, Shanmugaratnam K, Beaver PC

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1966 Mar;15.(2):183-9.

PMID: 5910525

The finding of microfilariae in lung tissue from patients with eosinophilic lung is reported and the histopathological appearances are described.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases, Parasitic/pathology*

Fulltext The association of spirometric small airways obstruction with respiratory symptoms, cardiometabolic diseases, and quality of life: results from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study

Knox-Brown B, Patel J, Potts J, Ahmed R, Aquart-Stewart A, Barbara C, et al.

Respir Res, 2023 May 23;24(1):137.

PMID: 37221593 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02450-1

BACKGROUND: Spirometric small airways obstruction (SAO) is common in the general population. Whether spirometric SAO is associated with respiratory symptoms, cardiometabolic diseases, and quality of life (QoL) is unknown.

METHODS: Using data from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study (N = 21,594), we defined spirometric SAO as the mean forced expiratory flow rate between 25 and 75% of the FVC (FEF25-75) less than the lower limit of normal (LLN) or the forced expiratory volume in 3 s to FVC ratio (FEV3/FVC) less than the LLN. We analysed data on respiratory symptoms, cardiometabolic diseases, and QoL collected using standardised questionnaires. We assessed the associations with spirometric SAO using multivariable regression models, and pooled site estimates using random effects meta-analysis. We conducted identical analyses for isolated spirometric SAO (i.e. with FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN).

RESULTS: Almost a fifth of the participants had spirometric SAO (19% for FEF25-75; 17% for FEV3/FVC). Using FEF25-75, spirometric SAO was associated with dyspnoea (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.77-2.70), chronic cough (OR = 2.56, 95% CI 2.08-3.15), chronic phlegm (OR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.77-4.05), wheeze (OR = 2.87, 95% CI 2.50-3.40) and cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.11-1.52), but not hypertension or diabetes. Spirometric SAO was associated with worse physical and mental QoL. These associations were similar for FEV3/FVC. Isolated spirometric SAO (10% for FEF25-75; 6% for FEV3/FVC), was also associated with respiratory symptoms and cardiovascular disease.

CONCLUSION: Spirometric SAO is associated with respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular disease, and QoL. Consideration should be given to the measurement of FEF25-75 and FEV3/FVC, in addition to traditional spirometry parameters.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases, Obstructive*

Tension pneumatocoele complicating severe cavitating pneumonia in an infant: a case report

Ng Leong Fook, Saw Huat Seong

Med J Malaysia, 1986 Mar;41(1):48-50.

PMID: 3796349

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/etiology*; Lung Diseases/surgery

Targeting microRNAs using nanotechnology in pulmonary diseases

Dua K, Chellappan DK, Singhvi G, de Jesus Andreoli Pinto T, Gupta G, Hansbro PM

Panminerva Med, 2018 Dec;60(4):230-231.

PMID: 30563304 DOI: 10.23736/S0031-0808.18.03459-6

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/genetics*; Lung Diseases/therapy*

Surgical resection of pulmonary cryptococcomas in the presence of cryptococcal meningitis