Affiliations 

  • 1 Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Sarawak Heart Center, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
  • 2 Department of ORL HNS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia. iptang@unimas.my
  • 3 Department of Paediatric, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
  • 4 Department of Radiology, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
  • 5 Department of Paediatric Surgery, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
  • 6 Department of ORL HNS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
  • 7 Department of Paediatric, Miri Hospital, Miri, Malaysia
BMC Pediatr, 2020 09 24;20(1):448.
PMID: 32972390 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02348-7

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Haemoptysis is an uncommon presenting symptom in children and is usually caused by acute lower respiratory tract infection or foreign body aspiration. We report a rare case of right unilateral pulmonary vein atresia (PVA) as the underlying aetiology of recurrent haemoptysis in a child.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 4 years old girl presented with history of recurrent haemoptysis. Bronchoscopic evaluation excluded a foreign body aspiration but revealed right bronchial mucosal hyperaemia and varices. Diagnosis of right unilateral PVA was suspected on transthoracic echocardiography which demonstrated hypoplastic right pulmonary artery and non-visualization of right pulmonary veins. Final diagnosis was confirmed on cardiac CT angiography. A conservative treatment approach was opted with consideration for pneumonectomy in future when she is older.

CONCLUSION: Rarer causes should be considered when investigating for recurrent haemoptysis in children. Bronchoscopy and cardiac imaging are useful tools to establish the diagnosis of unilateral PVA in our case.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.