Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 42 in total

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  1. Clinical value of nerve conduction studies
    Loh TG
    Med J Malaya, 1972 Jun;26(4):256-61.
    PMID: 4220384
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction*
  2. Nerve conduction velocities and distal latencies in normal Malaysian subjects
    Lim CL, Loh TG
    Med J Malaysia, 1978 Dec;33(2):137-42.
    PMID: 755164
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction*
  3. Reliability of measurement of muscle fiber conduction velocity using surface EMG
    Harba MI, Teng LY
    Front Med Biol Eng, 1999;9(1):31-47.
    PMID: 10354908
    Cross-correlating two surface EMG signals detected at two different locations along the path of flow of action potential enables the measurement of the muscle fiber average conduction velocity in those active motor units monitored by the electrodes. The position of the peak of the cross-correlation function is the time delay between the two signals and hence the velocity may be deduced. The estimated velocity using this technique has been observed previously to depend on the location of the electrodes on the muscle surface. Different locations produced different estimates. In this paper we present a measurement system, analyze its inherent inaccuracies and use it for the purpose of investigating the reliability of measurement of conduction velocity from surface EMG. This system utilizes EMG signals detected at a number of locations on the biceps brachii, when under light tension, to look for any pattern of variations of velocity as a function of location and time. It consists of a multi-electrode unit and a set of eight parallel on-line correlators. The electrode unit and the parallel correlators ensure that these measurements are carried out under the same physical and physiological conditions of the muscle. Further, the same detected signals are used in different measurement configurations to try to understand the reasons behind the observed variations in the estimated velocity. The results obtained seem to suggest that there will always be an unpredictable random component superimposed on the estimated velocity, giving rise to differences between estimates at different locations and differences in estimates with time at the same location. Many factors contribute to this random component, such as the non-homogeneous medium between the muscle fibers and the electrodes, the non-parallel geometry and non-uniform conduction velocity of the fibers, and the physical and physiological conditions of the muscle. While it is not possible to remove this random component completely from the measurement, the user must be aware of its presence and how to reduce its effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction
  4. Fulltext Effects of sulbutiamine on diabetic polyneuropathy: an open randomised controlled study in type 2 diabetics
    Kiew KK, Wan Mohamad WB, Ridzuan A, Mafauzy M
    Malays J Med Sci, 2002 Jan;9(1):21-7.
    PMID: 22969314 MyJurnal
    Thirty patients with diabetic polyneuropathy were recruited from the diabetic clinic in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from 1996 to 1998. They were randomly assigned either sulbutiamine (Arcalion(®)) (15 patients) or no treatment (control group; 15 patients). Glycaemic control was assessed by blood glucose and HbA1. Severity of neuropathy was assessed by symptom and sign score, and electrophysiological parameters (nerve conduction velocity and compound muscle action potential) at entry to the study and after 6 weeks. There were improvements in the electrophysiological parameters in the treatment group when compared to the controls with significant improvement in the median nerve conduction velocity (p<0.001), median compound muscle action potential (p<0.001), peroneal nerve conduction velocity (p<0.001), and peroneal compound muscle action potential (p<0.001). No significant improvement in symptom and sign scores were noted between the groups but a significant improvement compared to base line was noted for the sulbutiamine treated group. (p< 0.05). The glycaemic control in both groups was not significantly different at base line and was stable throughout the study. Sulbutiamine objectively improved peripheral nerve function in diabetic polyneuropathy although the symptom score did not improve, possibly due to the short duration of the study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction
  5. Fulltext The use of nerve conduction studies in determining the short-term outcome of Bell's palsy
    Prakash KM, Raymond AA
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Mar;58(1):69-78.
    PMID: 14556328
    Bell's palsy is a common neurological problem causing considerable loss of self-esteem among patients. A prospective observational study was conducted to determine the short-term outcome of Bell's palsy at 1 month and 2 months after the onset and the relationship between these outcomes with facial nerve degeneration. We also determined if gender, age, diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure influence the severity of facial nerve degeneration and the clinical outcome at 2 months after the onset. After clinically grading the newly diagnosed unilateral Bell's palsy patients using the House-Brackmann facial nerve grading system, nerve conduction studies of the facial nerve were done to determine the severity of facial nerve degeneration. The recovery of the facial paralysis was clinically graded again at the end of 1 month and 2 months from the onset. A total of 37 patients were recruited. There was a strong positive correlation between facial nerve degeneration and the clinical outcome of Bell's palsy at 1 month (r = 0.794; p < 0.0005) and 2 months (r = 0.732; p < 0.0005) after the onset. There was no significant correlation between either the facial nerve degeneration or the clinical outcome at 2 months with the patients' age (p = 0.288 and p = 0.799 respectively), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.425 and p = 0.933 respectively) or diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.243 and p = 0.579 respectively). Neither the severity of facial nerve degeneration nor the clinical outcome at 2 months were significantly different between male and female patients (p = 0.460 and p = 0.725 respectively) or diabetic and non-diabetic patients (p = 0.655 and p = 0.655 respectively).
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction/physiology*
  6. Effects of pesticides on the peripheral and central nervous system in tobacco farmers in Malaysia: studies on peripheral nerve conduction, brain-evoked potentials and computerized posturography
    Kimura K, Yokoyama K, Sato H, Nordin RB, Naing L, Kimura S, et al.
    Ind Health, 2005 Apr;43(2):285-94.
    PMID: 15895843
    We examined the effects of pesticides on the central and peripheral nervous system in the setting of a tobacco farm at a developing country. Maximal motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (MCV and SCV, respectively) in the median, sural and tibial nerves, postural sway, and brain-evoked potentials (auditory event-related and visual-evoked potentials) were measured in 80 male tobacco farmers and age- and sex-matched 40 controls in Kelantan, Malaysia. Median SCV (finger-wrist) in farmers using Delsen (mancozeb, dithiocarbamate fungicide), who showed significant decrease of serum cholinesterase activities, were significantly lower compared with the controls. Sural SCV in farmers using Fastac (alpha-cypermethrin, pyrethroid insecticide) and median MCV (elbow-wrist) in farmers using Tamex (butralin, dinitroaniline herbicide) were significantly slowed compared with their respective controls. In Delsen (mancozeb, dithiocarbamate) users, the power of postural sway of 0-1 Hz was significantly larger than that in the controls both in the anterior-posterior direction with eyes open and in the right-left direction with eyes closed. The former type of sway was also significantly increased in Tamaron (methamidophos, organophosphorus insecticide) users. In conclusion, nerve conduction velocities and postural sway seem to be sensitive indicators of the effects of pesticides on the central and peripheral nervous system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction
  7. Our recent experiences with sarin poisoning cases in Japan and pesticide users with references to some selected chemicals
    Yokoyama K
    Neurotoxicology, 2007 Mar;28(2):364-73.
    PMID: 16730798
    Attention has been paid to neurobehavioral effects of occupational and environmental exposures to chemicals such as pesticides, heavy metals and organic solvents. The area of research that includes neurobehavioral methods and effects in occupational and environmental health has been called "Occupational and Environmental Neurology and Behavioral Medicine." The methods, by which early changes in neurological, cognitive and behavioral function can be assessed, include neurobehavioral test battery, neurophysiological methods, questionnaires and structured interview, biochemical markers and imaging techniques. The author presents his observations of neurobehavioral and neurophysiological effects in Tokyo subway sarin poisoning cases as well as in pesticide users (tobacco farmers) in Malaysia in relation to Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS). In sarin cases, a variety effects were observed 6-8 months after exposure, suggesting delayed neurological effects. Studies on pesticide users revealed that organophosphorus and dithiocarbamate affected peripheral nerve conduction and postural balance; subjective symptoms related to GTS were also observed, indicating the effects of nicotine absorbed from wet tobacco leaves. In addition, non-neurological effects of pesticides and other chemicals are presented, in relation to genetic polymorphism and oxidative stress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction/drug effects
  8. Nerve conduction study of healthy Asian Malays: the influence of age on median, ulnar, and sural nerves
    Awang MS, Abdullah JM, Abdullah MR, Tahir A, Tharakan J, Prasad A, et al.
    Med Sci Monit, 2007 Jul;13(7):CR330-2.
    PMID: 17599028
    Nerve conduction study is essential in the diagnosis of focal neuropathies and diffuse polyneuropathies. There are many factors that can affect nerve conduction velocity, and age is one of them. Most of the many studies of this effect, and the values from them, were on Caucasian subjects. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of age on conduction velocity among healthy Asian Malay subjects by analyzing its influence on the median, ulnar, and sural nerves.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction/physiology*
  9. Fulltext Acute intermittent porphyria presenting atypically as chronic, progressive, predominantly motor peripheral neuropathy of the lower limbs; a case report.
    Raymond, A.A., Azarisman S.M.S.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2007;6(2):1-5.
    MyJurnal
    Peripheral, predominantly motor polyneuropathy is associated with a plethora of possible aetiologies and the investigative procedures to rule them out are extensive. A 31 year old lady presented with progressive lower limb weakness over a period of 2 years. Examination revealed symmetrical weakness (3+/5) of all distal muscle groups in the lower limbs with absent ankle jerk. There was no sensory loss. The nerve conduction study revealed a predominantly axonal motor neuropathy. Cerebrospinal fluid examination and other investigations to rule out potential causes of predominantly motor peripheral neuropathy were normal. The only positive findings were multiple qualitative assays for porphobilinogen in her urine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction
  10. A biomarker for exposure to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides
    Lubis SH, El Sersi M, Hussein SH, Sakian NI, Salleh R, Rafai J, et al.
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2008 Oct;20 Suppl:162-5.
    PMID: 19533876
    A cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the effects of pesticide exposure (organophosphate and carbamate) using nerve conductive velocity, current perception threshold (CPT). Cluster random sampling was employed to recruit 64 paddy farmers and 22 fishermen in June 2006. The duration of pesticide exposure was between (5-20) years. The CPT values were measured using Neurometer CPT/Eagle, on the index finger and the great toe with three neuroselective frequencies range (2000, 250, and 5 Hz). The results showed that at the three different frequencies, the CPT values were significantly elevated among farmers on both the medial and peroneal nerves (P < .002). The measurement of CPT can be used as a biomarker to determine and monitor the effects of organophosphate and carbamate exposure among workers who may have been exposed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction/drug effects*; Neural Conduction/physiology
  11. Fulltext The expert says....how to diagnose pulpal status?
    Safura, A.B.
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2008;29(1):31-33.
    MyJurnal
    The assessment of pulp vitality is a crucial diagnostic procedure in the practice of endodontics. Dentists should establish their treatment decisions based on good sound information and in the best interests of the patients. Therefore, a definite diagnosis must be established with comprehensive investigation and records before any treatment is carried out1. Since the dental pulp is enclosed in an opaque tooth, the assessment of tooth vitality is undertaken indirectly by: looking for clinical or radiological evidence of pulp necrosis or apical periodontitis; investigating nerve conduction; or examining the blood flow. (Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction
  12. Normal motor nerve conduction studies using surface electrode recording from the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoid, and biceps
    Buschbacher RM, Weir SK, Bentley JG, Cottrell E
    PM R, 2009 Feb;1(2):101-6.
    PMID: 19627883 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2008.08.002
    Proximal peripheral nerve conduction studies can provide useful information to the clinician. The difficulty of measuring the length of the proximal nerve as well as a frequent inability to stimulate at 2 points along the nerve adds a challenge to the use of electrodiagnosis for this purpose. The purpose of this article is to present normal values for the suprascapular, axillary, and musculocutaneous nerves using surface electrodes while accounting for side-to-side variability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction/physiology*
  13. Fulltext The effects of short-term, rapid glycemic control on the peroneal nerve function and serum VCAM-1 and AGE in type 2 diabetic patients in Malaysia
    Norlinah MI, Hamizah R, Md Isa SH, Wan Nazaimoon WM, Khalid BA
    Indian J Med Sci, 2009 Apr;63(4):131-8.
    PMID: 19414982
    BACKGROUND: The role of endothelial injury and circulating adhesion molecule in the development and progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the long-term has been established previously.
    AIMS: To study the effects of short-term glycemic control using insulin and oral hypoglycemic agent therapy (OHA) on the peroneal nerve function and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) levels in type 2 diabetic patients.
    SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A randomized controlled study involving poorly controlled (HbA1c, 7.5%-11%) type 2 diabetic patients attending the endocrinology outpatient center in a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients were randomized to receive insulin (n=15) or OHA (n=14) for 8 weeks. The glycemic variables (HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose [FPG], fructosamine), VCAM-1, serum AGE and the peroneal motor conduction velocity (PMCV) were measured at baseline and at 4-week intervals.
    STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Paired 't' test or Kruskal Wallis test; and the unpaired 't' test or Mann-Whitney U test were used for within-group and between-group analyses, respectively. Correlation was analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient.
    RESULTS: Within-group analysis showed significant progressive improvement in HbA1c at weeks 4 and 8 in the insulin group. The PMCV improved significantly in both groups by week 8, and by week 4 (P = 0.01) in the insulin group. PMCV correlated negatively with VCAM-1 (P = 0.031) and AGE (P = 0.009) at week 8.
    CONCLUSION: Aggressive glycemic control with insulin improves the peroneal nerve function within 4 weeks. Improvement in the serum VCAM-1 and AGE levels correlated significantly with improvement in peroneal nerve conduction velocity only in the insulin group.
    Study site: Tertiary endocrinology outpatient center in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction/drug effects
  14. Serial nerve conduction studies provide insight into the pathophysiology of Guillain-Barré and Fisher syndromes
    Shahrizaila N, Goh KJ, Kokubun N, Abdullah S, Yuki N
    J Neurol Sci, 2011 Oct 15;309(1-2):26-30.
    PMID: 21849173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.07.042
    The electrodiagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) can be broadly divided into acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) and acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN). Fisher syndrome (FS) is a variant of GBS, although the underlying neuropathy of FS has yet to be established. Serial nerve conduction studies (NCS) can provide further insight into the likely pathophysiology by further subtyping of GBS and FS. We present a patient with an initial diagnosis of AIDP in whom repeated NCS revealed the AMAN variant. This led us to investigate serial NCS in five patients with GBS, FS and FS/GBS overlap presenting over a period of a year. Three patients with AIDP showed a gradual increase in distal motor latencies during the acute phase of illness. NCS of two patients with FS and FS/GBS overlap showed no demyelinating features suggesting underlying axonal neuropathy in this group of patients. The importance of serial NCS in establishing the underlying pattern of neuropathy in GBS and FS is further emphasized in this study. Larger studies incorporating serial NCS are required to confirm the observations seen in our case series especially when pathological studies are often not justified in this group of patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction/physiology*
  15. Latah: an Indonesian startle syndrome
    Bakker MJ, van Dijk JG, Pramono A, Sutarni S, Tijssen MA
    Mov Disord, 2013 Mar;28(3):370-9.
    PMID: 23283702 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25280
    The nature of culture-specific startles syndromes such as "Latah" in Indonesia and Malaysia is ill understood. Hypotheses concerning their origin include sociocultural behavior, psychiatric disorders, and neurological syndromes. The various disorders show striking similarities despite occurring in diverse cultural settings and genetically distant populations. They are characterized clinically by exaggerated startle responses and involuntary vocalizations, echolalia, and echopraxia. Quantifying startle reflexes may help define Latah within the 3 groups of startle syndromes: (1) hyperekplexia, (2) startle-induced disorders, and (3) neuropsychiatric startle syndromes. Twelve female Latah patients (mean age, 44.6 years; SD, 7.7 years) and 12 age-, sex- and socioeconomically matched controls (mean age, 42.3 year; SD, 8.0) were studied using structured history taking and neurological examination including provocation of vocalizations, echolalia, and echopraxia. We quantified auditory startle reflexes with electromyographic activity of 6 left-sided muscles following 104-dB tones. We defined 2 phases for the startle response: a short latency motor startle reflex initiated in the lower brain stem <100/120 ms) and a later, second phase more influenced by psychological factors (the "orienting reflex," 100/120-1000 ms after the stimulus). Early as well as late motor startle responses were significantly increased in patients compared with controls (P ≤ .05). Following their startle response, Latah patients showed stereotyped responses including vocalizations and echo phenomena. Startle responses were increased, but clinically these proved insignificant compared with the stereotyped behavioral responses following the startle response. This study supports the classification of Latah as a "neuropsychiatric startle syndrome."
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction
  16. Two sets of nerve conduction studies may suffice in reaching a reliable electrodiagnosis in Guillain-Barré syndrome
    Shahrizaila N, Goh KJ, Abdullah S, Kuppusamy R, Yuki N
    Clin Neurophysiol, 2013 Jul;124(7):1456-9.
    PMID: 23395599 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.12.047
    Recent studies have advocated the use of serial nerve conduction studies (NCS) in the electrodiagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The current study aims to elucidate when and how frequent NCS can be performed to reflect the disease pathophysiology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction/drug effects; Neural Conduction/physiology*
  17. Fulltext Sciatic nerve repair with tissue engineered nerve: Olfactory ensheathing cells seeded poly(lactic-co-glygolic acid) conduit in an animal model
    Tan CW, Ng MH, Ohnmar H, Lokanathan Y, Nur-Hidayah H, Roohi SA, et al.
    Indian J Orthop, 2013 Nov;47(6):547-52.
    PMID: 24379458 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5413.121572
    BACKGROUND AND AIM: Synthetic nerve conduits have been sought for repair of nerve defects as the autologous nerve grafts causes donor site morbidity and possess other drawbacks. Many strategies have been investigated to improve nerve regeneration through synthetic nerve guided conduits. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) that share both Schwann cell and astrocytic characteristics have been shown to promote axonal regeneration after transplantation. The present study was driven by the hypothesis that tissue-engineered poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) seeded with OECs would improve peripheral nerve regeneration in a long sciatic nerve defect.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sciatic nerve gap of 15 mm was created in six adult female Sprague-Dawley rats and implanted with PLGA seeded with OECs. The nerve regeneration was assessed electrophysiologically at 2, 4 and 6 weeks following implantation. Histopathological examination, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination and immunohistochemical analysis were performed at the end of the study.

    RESULTS: Nerve conduction studies revealed a significant improvement of nerve conduction velocities whereby the mean nerve conduction velocity increases from 4.2 ΁ 0.4 m/s at week 2 to 27.3 ΁ 5.7 m/s at week 6 post-implantation (P < 0.0001). Histological analysis revealed presence of spindle-shaped cells. Immunohistochemical analysis further demonstrated the expression of S100 protein in both cell nucleus and the cytoplasm in these cells, hence confirming their Schwann-cell-like property. Under SEM, these cells were found to be actively secreting extracellular matrix.

    CONCLUSION: Tissue-engineered PLGA conduit seeded with OECs provided a permissive environment to facilitate nerve regeneration in a small animal model.

    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction
  18. Fulltext A case report of an unusual complication from bee sting: acute brachial plexopathy
    Kee HF, Hasan S, Wan Aliaa WS, Basri HB
    Pak J Med Sci, 2014 Mar;30(2):455-6.
    PMID: 24772163
    Brachial plexopathy is usually related to trauma like direct injury to the nerve and stretching injuries. Neurological complications following bee sting are uncommon. Here, we describe a rare case of acute brachial plexopathy as a neurological complication following bee sting. A23-year-old maleinitially presented with angioedema and anaphylactic shock one hour after a bee stung at his neck. Twenty four hours after the incidence, he presented with sudden onset of left upper limb weakness. Nerve conduction study and electromyography had shown evidence of left brachial plexopathy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction
  19. Sensory nerves are frequently involved in the spectrum of fisher syndrome
    Shahrizaila N, Goh KJ, Kokubun N, Tan AH, Tan CY, Yuki N
    Muscle Nerve, 2014 Apr;49(4):558-63.
    PMID: 23893512 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23973
    Differing patterns of neurophysiological abnormalities have been reported in patients with Fisher syndrome. Fisher syndrome is rare, and few series have incorporated prospective serial studies to define the natural history of nerve conduction studies in Guillain-Barré syndrome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction/physiology*
  20. Fulltext Antibodies to single glycolipids and glycolipid complexes in Guillain-Barré syndrome subtypes
    Shahrizaila N, Kokubun N, Sawai S, Umapathi T, Chan YC, Kuwabara S, et al.
    Neurology, 2014 Jul 8;83(2):118-24.
    PMID: 24920848 DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000577
    To comprehensively investigate the relationship between antibodies to single glycolipids and their complexes and Guillain-Barré syndrome subtypes and clinical features.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neural Conduction/physiology
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