MyMedR

Fulltext Tumor markers of bladder cancer: the schistosomal bladder tumors versus non-schistosomal bladder tumors

Abdulamir AS, Hafidh RR, Kadhim HS, Abubakar F

J Exp Clin Cancer Res, 2009;28:27.

PMID: 19243595 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-28-27

The aim of this study is to comparatively elucidate the underlying molecular pathways and clinicopathological criteria in schistosomal bladder tumor (SBT) versus non-schistosomal bladder tumor (NSBT).

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis haematobia/genetics; Schistosomiasis haematobia/metabolism; Schistosomiasis haematobia/pathology*

A cross-sectional survey of the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding schistosomiasis among rural schoolchildren in Taiz governorate, southwestern Yemen

Alharazi TH, Al-Mekhlafi HM

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2021 06 02;115(6):687-698.

PMID: 33130880 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa115

BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional survey aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards schistosomiasis among rural schoolchildren in Taiz governorate, southwestern Yemen.

METHODS: A total of 406 children were screened for urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the children's demographic and socio-economic information and their KAP towards schistosomiasis.

RESULTS: Overall, 73 children (18%) were found to be infected by Schistosoma mansoni. None of the children were positive for Schistosoma haematobium. The prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis was significantly higher among boys than girls (22.1% vs 12%; p=0.010). Approximately two-thirds (63.3% [257/406]) of the children had heard about schistosomiasis, however, only 38.5%, 53.6%, 28.4% and 38.1% had correct knowledge concerning the causes, symptoms, transmission and prevention, respectively. A significantly higher level of knowledge was observed among boys and Schistosoma-infected children compared with girls and non-infected children (p<0.05). However, a better level of knowledge does not seem to translate directly into the performance of hygienic practices. Multivariate logistic regression showed that sex and infection status were the significant predictors of good knowledge.

CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal schistosomiasis is prevalent among schoolchildren in rural Yemen. The findings reveal that children's knowledge about schistosomiasis is inadequate. Therefore, besides mass drug administration, integrated control programmes should also include health education and the provision of improved drinking water and proper sanitation.

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis*

Detection of Malaysian schistosomiasis in Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia using serodiagnostic tests

Anuar H, Greer GJ, Ow-Yang CK, Sukumaran KD

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1984 Dec;15(4):479.

PMID: 6398916

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/diagnosis*

Schistosomiasis in Malaysia

Chandra Shekhar K, Pathmanathan R

Rev. Infect. Dis., 1987 9 1;9(5):1026-37.

PMID: 3120271

Schistosomiasis was discovered in Malaysia in 1975 in an autopsy case. Since 1975 autopsies, surveys, and resurveys have been carried out to identify animal hosts, snail intermediate hosts, and reservoir hosts. Seroepidemiologic tests involving enzyme-linked immunosorbent and circumoval precipitin methods have been used to determine the true incidence and prevalence of this protean disease among the Orang Aslis (aborigines) in Malaysia. With the use of better epidemiologic and parasitologic tools, more cases of schistosomiasis are being reported.

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis japonica/epidemiology*; Schistosomiasis japonica/parasitology; Schistosomiasis japonica/pathology; Schistosomiasis japonica/transmission

Fulltext Cercarial dermatitis in Kelantan, Malaysia an occupation related health problem

Chiew, Eng Wooi, Lim, Susan Lee Hong, Ambu, Stephen

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2007;1(2):69-73.

MyJurnal

Introduction: Kelantan, an east coast state of Peninsular Malaysia is rich in culture and supports a population that is dependent on agriculture. The crops cultivated are mainly paddy and rubber but in recent years tobacco is beginning to gain importance over paddy. We centered our study around Bachok District which is about 25 kilometers east of Kota Bharu, the state capital.
Methods: Based on case reports we focused our study on cercarial dermatitis and also recorded the socioeconomic status of the people in the four study villages.
Result: The ducks and cows were the common livestock kept by the farmers and these were found to be significantly associated (P=0.05) with the occurrence of dermatitis. Cercariae shedding by snails were found in waters used for irrigation.
Conclusion: The results indicate that cercarial dermatitis is occupation specific, and its debilitating effect was having an influence on the socioeconomic status and general wellbeing of the population in these villages. The dermatitis occurred only during the field preparation and transplanting stages of paddy and was found to be significantly associated (P=

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis

Cellular and chemokine-mediated regulation in schistosome-induced hepatic pathology

Chuah C, Jones MK, Burke ML, McManus DP, Gobert GN

Trends Parasitol, 2014 Mar;30(3):141-50.

PMID: 24433721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2013.12.009

In hepatic schistosomiasis, pathology arises when schistosome eggs become lodged in the host liver, evoking an interleukin 4 (IL-4)- and IL-13-mediated dominant CD4(+) Th2 immune response. This response leads to the development of granulomas and fibrosis, with eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, hepatic stellate cells, and lymphocytes all identified as major cellular contributors to these events. This review outlines the cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatic schistosomiasis, with an emphasis on the major cellular components and their release of chemokines. The differences between Schistosoma mansoni- and Schistosoma japonicum-induced hepatic granuloma are also discussed. This comprehensive overview of the processes associated with hepatic schistosomiasis may provide new insights into improved treatment for both schistosomiasis and other granulofibrotic diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/complications; Schistosomiasis/immunology*; Schistosomiasis/pathology*; Schistosomiasis japonica/complications; Schistosomiasis japonica/immunology; Schistosomiasis japonica/pathology; Schistosomiasis mansoni/complications; Schistosomiasis mansoni/immunology; Schistosomiasis mansoni/pathology

Characterising granuloma regression and liver recovery in a murine model of schistosomiasis japonica

Chuah C, Jones MK, McManus DP, Nawaratna SK, Burke ML, Owen HC, et al.

Int J Parasitol, 2016 Apr;46(4):239-52.

PMID: 26812024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.12.004

For hepatic schistosomiasis the egg-induced granulomatous response and the development of extensive fibrosis are the main pathologies. We used a Schistosoma japonicum-infected mouse model to characterise the multi-cellular pathways associated with the recovery from hepatic fibrosis following clearance of the infection with the anti-schistosomal drug, praziquantel. In the recovering liver splenomegaly, granuloma density and liver fibrosis were all reduced. Inflammatory cell infiltration into the liver was evident, and the numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages were significantly decreased. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the up-regulation of fatty acid metabolism genes and the identification of Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha as the upstream regulator of liver recovery. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling pathway which regulates xenobiotic metabolism was also differentially up-regulated. These findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms associated with the regression of hepatic schistosomiasis.

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis; Schistosomiasis japonica

Schistosomiasis in Malaysia: A review

Chuah C, Gobert GN, Latif B, Heo CC, Leow CY

Acta Trop, 2019 Feb;190:137-143.

PMID: 30448471 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.11.012

Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical parasitic disease caused by the trematode flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, affects approximately 207 million people worldwide. Among the five main species infecting humans, Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum are responsible for the majority of hepatointestinal schistosomiasis. Human settlements near fresh water sites that lack proper sanitary systems often contribute to the transmission of disease. This risk particularly impacts on travellers or immigrants who come into contact with larvae-contaminated water. This review discusses the central features of schistosomiasis; including clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatments, and the preventive measures available for the control of this disease. The description of the Malaysian schistosome species Schistosoma malayensis and the current status of schistosomiasis in Malaysia including the compilation of cases diagnosed from 1904 to 2015 are also discussed in this paper.

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/complications; Schistosomiasis/diagnosis; Schistosomiasis/drug therapy; Schistosomiasis/epidemiology*

Fulltext The Menace of Schistosomiasis in Nigeria: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Schistosomiasis among Rural Communities in Kano State

Dawaki S, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Ithoi I, Ibrahim J, Abdulsalam AM, Ahmed A, et al.

PLoS One, 2015;10(11):e0143667.

PMID: 26606264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143667

Schistosomiasis is one of the most common neglected tropical diseases, especially in the developing countries in Africa, Asia and South America, with Nigeria having the greatest number of cases of schistosomiasis worldwide. This community-based study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding schistosomiasis among rural Hausa communities in Kano State, Nigeria.

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis

Fulltext PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG HAUSA COMMUNITIES IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA

Dawaki S, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Ithoi I, Ibrahim J, Abdulsalam AM, Ahmed A, et al.

Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo, 2016 Jul 11;58.

PMID: 27410914 DOI: 10.1590/S1678-9946201658054

Schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases especially in Nigeria which has the greatest number of infected people worldwide. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 551 participants from Kano State, North Central Nigeria. Fecal samples were examined for the presence of Schistosoma mansoni eggs using the formalin-ether sedimentation method while the urine samples were examined using the filtration technique for the presence of S. haematobium eggs. Demographic, socioeconomic and environmental information was collected using a pre-validated questionnaire. The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis was 17.8%, with 8.9% and 8.3% infected with S. mansoni and S. haematobium, respectively and 0.5% presenting co-infection with both species. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age < 18 years (OR = 2.13; 95% CI; 1.34- 3.41), presence of infected family members (OR = 3.98; 95% CI; 2.13-7.46), and history of infection (OR = 2.87; 95% CI; 1.87- 4.56) were the significant risk factors associated with schistosomiasis in these communities. In conclusion, this study revealed that schistosomiasis is still prevalent among Hausa communities in Nigeria. Mass drug administration, health education and community mobilization are imperative strategies to significantly reduce the prevalence and morbidity of schistosomiasis in these communities.

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis

Iron deficiency in the tropics

Fleming AF

Clin Haematol, 1982 Jun;11(2):365-88.

PMID: 7042157

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/blood

An International Working Conference on Nutrition and Infection

Gordon JE, Scrimsha NS

Arch. Environ. Health, 1969 Aug;19(2):199-216.

PMID: 5817545

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis

Report of a freshwater hydrobiid snail from Pahang, Malaysia: a possible host for schistosomes infecting man

Greer GJ, Lim HK, Ow-Yang CK

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1980 Mar;11(1):146-7.

PMID: 7403949

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/transmission*

Serological evidence of schistosomiasis among Orang Asli from three areas of Peninsular Malaysia

Greer GJ, Anuar H

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1984 Sep;15(3):303-12.

PMID: 6523170

Using ELISA and COPT diagnostic tests, serological evidence of Malaysian schistosomiasis was discovered among Orang Asli populations from three areas in Peninsular Malaysia. Serum samples collected in 1975 indicated an ELISA-positive prevalence of 25% and a COPT prevalence of 11% from Pos Iskandar, Pahang and an ELISA prevalence of 13% and a COPT of 4% from Bukit Lanjan, Selangor. Resurveys at these site in 1982-1984 showed a continued presence of serological positive individuals but prevalence rates were markedly lower: 7% and 1% for ELISA and 4% and 2% for COPT at Pos Iskandar and Bukit Lanjan respectively. Snail hosts were not found at either site. The source of infection for persons living in these lowland areas remains unknown. In a third area, Kuala Tahan, Pahang, located in the foothills of the central mountain range, foci of transmission have been found near to Orang Asli settlements. The serological prevalence rate among Negrito Orang Asli in that study area was 9% for ELISA and 4% for COPT. Thirty-three of 36 COPT-positive sera produced vacuolated bleb precipates and in 31 these were the only reactions seen. The high percentage of positives producing only these precipates suggests that among Orang Asli schistosomiasis patients such reactions are not an indication of recently acquired infection as has been reported for schistosomiasis patients in the Philippines.

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/diagnosis; Schistosomiasis/epidemiology*; Schistosomiasis/parasitology

Malaysian schistosomiasis: description of a population at risk

Greer GJ, Dennis DT, Lai PF, Anuar H

J Trop Med Hyg, 1989 Jun;92(3):203-8.

PMID: 2738992

A stable population at risk of Malaysian schistosomiasis was studied. Census results indicated that approximately one-fourth of the inhabitants used a stream where Schistosoma malayensis-infected snails were present as their principal source of water for bathing, drinking, and household tasks. The general population also contacted this stream when fording it or while fishing. Serological surveys using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the circumoval precipitin (COP) test revealed six (9%) and three (4%) positives, respectively, among 67 persons examined. No schistosome ova were found in a general survey of 56 persons which included five ELISA positive and two COP test positive patients. ELISA and COP test prevalences among those dependent on the foci of transmission for water, 13 and 7% respectively, were only slightly higher than prevalences among the remainder of the population, 8 and 4% respectively. These results indicate that even among a stable population at risk of Malaysian schistosomiasis the prevalence is low. Our findings support the hypothesis that S. malayensis is a zoonotic infection in man and that it is unlikely to become a significant public health problem.

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/epidemiology*

Discovery of a site of transmission and hosts of a Schistosoma japonicum-like schistosome in Peninsular Malaysia

Greer GJ, Ow-Yang CK, Singh KI, Lim HK

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1980;74(3):425.

PMID: 7434446

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/transmission*

Fulltext Prevalence of schistosomiasis and associated risk factors among school children in Um-Asher Area, Khartoum, Sudan

Hajissa K, Muhajir AEMA, Eshag HA, Alfadel A, Nahied E, Dahab R, et al.

BMC Res Notes, 2018 Oct 31;11(1):779.

PMID: 30382901 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3871-y

OBJECTIVE: Schistosomiasis remains one of the most common parasitic diseases worldwide. This is a cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis and its associated risk factors among primary school children in Um-Asher area. The study was conducted among 170 primary school students in Um-Asher area from November 2017 to February 2018. Urine and stool samples were collected and examined for schistosomiasis infections. Moreover, data on sociodemographic characteristics and associated risk factors were obtained using a questionnaire.

RESULTS: The overall prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium was 12.9%, whereas that of Schistosoma mansoni was 2.95%. Additionally, the males had higher prevalence (60%) of S. mansoni than females (40%). However, both gender were equally infected with S. haematobium (50%). With regard to risk factors, distance of residence from water source and source of drinking water are relatively associated with the infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis haematobia

Fulltext Serological evidence of schistosomiasis in the Malaysian police field force

Hanjeet K, Lai PF, Anuar HM

Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):129-30.

PMID: 10967991

A total of 1131 Police Field Force personnel were screened serologically for schistosomiasis in Malaysia. A total of 150 (13.3%) were tested positive or borderline. Stool samples from 75 of these cases were however all negative for schistosome eggs. This survey suggests that Police Field Force personnel may be agents for propagating the schistosome life cycle in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/diagnosis*

Epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis in Southeast Asia

Harinasuta C

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1984 Dec;15(4):431-8.

PMID: 6535256

Schistosomiasis in Southeast Asia, caused by Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mekongi and Schistosoma japonicum-like, have been reported from six different countries. The S. japonicum infections are highly prevalent in the Philippines with Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi as the vector snail, and in localized areas in Indonesia with O.h. lindoensis as the snail vector. The S. mekongi infections are recent discovery in the Lower Mekong Basin in Laos and Kampuchea, with Tricula aperta as the vector snail. The S. japonicum-like infections are found as isolated cases diagnosed by the finding of S. japonicum-like eggs in the faeces, rectal biopsy, tissue biopsy or at necropsy in Thailand and Malaysia. The control measures of schistosomiasis have been implemented in the Philippines and Indonesia, while further research studies are being conducted in Thailand and Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/epidemiology*; Schistosomiasis/prevention & control

Fulltext The application of biomedical engineering techniques to the diagnosis and management of tropical diseases: a review

Ibrahim F, Thio TH, Faisal T, Neuman M

Sensors (Basel), 2015 Mar 23;15(3):6947-95.

PMID: 25806872 DOI: 10.3390/s150306947

This paper reviews a number of biomedical engineering approaches to help aid in the detection and treatment of tropical diseases such as dengue, malaria, cholera, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, ebola, leprosy, leishmaniasis, and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas). Many different forms of non-invasive approaches such as ultrasound, echocardiography and electrocardiography, bioelectrical impedance, optical detection, simplified and rapid serological tests such as lab-on-chip and micro-/nano-fluidic platforms and medical support systems such as artificial intelligence clinical support systems are discussed. The paper also reviewed the novel clinical diagnosis and management systems using artificial intelligence and bioelectrical impedance techniques for dengue clinical applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/diagnosis; Schistosomiasis/pathology

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