MyMedR

A note on the immunity to diphtheria of hospital staffs

Pallister RA

Malayan Medical Journal, 1933;8:125-6.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

Fulltext Prevalence and determinants of pre-hypertension among undergraduate preclinical medical students in central Malaysia.

Mohd Yusoff H, Mohd Tamil A, Mohd Fauzi MF, Mat Saruan NA

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2019;18(3):65-72.

MyJurnal

Pre-hypertension, a classification of blood pressure ranging from 120–139 mm Hg systolic and/or 80–89 mm Hg diastolic, has been introduced to identify those high-risk group of developing hypertension to implement early intervention to halt disease progression. This study determines the prevalence of pre-hypertension and its determinants among undergraduate preclinical medical students in Malaysia.
Materials & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 158 registered second year medical students at one research university in central Malaysia from January to April 2018.
Results: The prevalence of pre-hypertension was 20.6% among undergraduate preclinical medical students. The most respondent was female (69.9%), Malay ethnic (50.6%) who had normal body mass index (67.3%), no depression (79.5%), no anxiety (60.3%), no stress (68.6%), low physical activity level (44.9%), never smoked (95.5%), and never consumed alcohol (87.8%). Some respondents had positive family history of hypertension (43.6%) and diabetes mellitus (31.4%). After adjusted for all variables, gender (AOR=14.45, 95% CI 5.58-37.43) and depression status (AOR=6.37, 95% CI 1.29-31.49) were significantly associated with pre-hypertension.
Conclusion: The prevalence of pre-hypertension among preclinical medical students was lower compared to other country, predicted by gender and depression status. However, further comprehensive multicentered studies in Malaysia with larger sample size is recommended to get more precise results in identifying determinants for pre-hypertension so that early intervention could be implemented nationwide.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

Prevalence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in the multi-ethnic Penang Island, Malaysia, and a review of worldwide prevalence

Hor JY, Lim TT, Chia YK, Ching YM, Cheah CF, Tan K, et al.

Mult Scler Relat Disord, 2018 Jan;19:20-24.

PMID: 29100047 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.10.015

BACKGROUND: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) occurs worldwide in all ethnicities. Recently, population-based studies have shown that NMOSD is more common among non-White populations. There is scarce data about NMOSD prevalence in South East Asian populations.

METHODS: (1) A population-based study was undertaken to estimate NMOSD prevalence in the multi-ethnic Penang Island, Malaysia, comprising Chinese, Malays, and Indians. Medical records of NMOSD patients followed up at the Penang General Hospital (the neurology referral centre in Penang Island) were reviewed. The 2015 diagnostic criteria of the International Panel for NMO Diagnosis were used for case ascertainment. (2) A review of population-based prevalence studies of NMOSD worldwide was carried out. PubMed and conference proceedings were searched for such studies.

RESULTS: Of the 28 NMOSD patients, 14 were residents of Penang Island on prevalence day [13 (93%) Chinese and one (7%) Malay]. All 14 patients were females and aquaporin 4 seropositive. The prevalence of NMOSD in Penang Island was 1.99/100,000 population; according to ethnicities, the prevalence in Chinese was significantly higher than in Malays (3.31/100,000 vs 0.43/100,000, respectively, p = 0.0195).

CONCLUSION: Based on our and other population-based studies, among Asians, East Asian origin populations (Chinese and Japanese) appear to have higher NMOSD prevalence than other Asian ethnic groups. Worldwide, Blacks seem to have the highest NMOSD prevalence. More studies in different geographical regions and ethnic groups will be useful to further inform about potential factors in NMOSD pathogenesis.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

Fulltext Knowledge of and attitudes towards of menstrual disorders adults in north-eastern state of Peninsular Malaysia

Yaacob NA, Abdullah SK, Ahmad I, Yahya NA, Draman N, Ismail SB, et al.

Malays Fam Physician, 2015;10(3):2-10.

PMID: 27570602 MyJurnal

Introduction: In Malaysia, the prevalence of menstrual disorders among adolescents and young adults is high. However, most of them are not aware of the signs and symptoms of menstrual
disorders in terms of medical issue as well as Islamic ruling. Awareness of the menstrual disorder
symptoms is important so that early and appropriate treatment can be given.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare the knowledge and attitude of premarital
men and women on menstrual disorders.

Methods: This was a comparative cross sectional study conducted in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Self-administered
questionnaires were given for data collection. The questionnaires consisted of 3 parts
that required information on the women’s and men’s socio-demographic data, women’s menstrual
history and information in knowledge and attitude of men and women on menstrual disorders.

Results: A total of 460 respondents were involved in this study with a response rate of 93.5%. The
prevalence of good knowledge was higher among women compared to men with 73.2% and 26.8%,
respectively. There was a significant difference on knowledge and attitude on menstrual disorders
between premarital men and women.

Conclusion: Both premarital men and women had low knowledge on menstrual disorder with men
knowing less than the women.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

Fulltext Detection of beta-globin gene mutations among Kelantan Malay thalassaemia patients by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism

Rozitah R, Nizam MZ, Nur Shafawati AR, Nor Atifah MA, Dewi M, Kannan TP, et al.

Singapore Med J, 2008 Dec;49(12):1046-9.

PMID: 19122960

Beta-thalassaemia major is an autosomal recessive disorder that results in severe microcytic, hypochromic, haemolytic anaemia among affected patients. Beta-thalassaemia has emerged as one of the most common public health problems in Malaysia, particularly among Malaysian Chinese and Malays. This study aimed to observe the spectrum of mutations found in Kelantan Malay beta-thalassaemia major patients who attended the Paediatrics Daycare Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, the data of which was being used in establishing the prenatal diagnosis in this Human Genome Centre.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

Fulltext Dementia in elderly Malays--preliminary findings of a community survey

Kua EH

Singapore Med J, 1993 Feb;34(1):26-8.

PMID: 8266123

This is a study of the prevalence of dementia in elderly Malays living in the Eunos district of Singapore. The subjects included all Malays 65 years and more living in public housing, and they were first interviewed and screened for any cognitive deficit using the Malay version of the Elderly Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (ECAQ). All those who scored 5 or less in the ECAQ were assessed again with a more detailed questionnaire called the Geriatric Mental State (GMS) schedule. This is the preliminary results of 149 subjects interviewed--77 men and 72 women. Data from the GMS were analysed by a computer diagnostic programme, AGECAT. There were only 6 cases of dementia and the overall prevalence of dementia in the sample was estimated as 4.0%. In the age group 65 to 74 years the rate was 2.5% and this increased to 10.3% in those 75 years and more. The prevalence of dementia in elderly Malays is higher than elderly Chinese in Singapore, but it is similar to the results of studies in New York and Liverpool. All the subjects with dementia were living with their families and they had good social resources.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

Fulltext Some observations on the epidemiology of peptic ulcer disease in Singapore

Kang JY

Singapore Med J, 1992 Oct;33(5):468-71.

PMID: 1455270

Several lines of evidence suggest that, of the three main races of Singapore, peptic ulcers are more common among the Chinese and Indians when compared to the Malays. These include studies on hospital series of patients with or without appropriate control groups, studies on the incidence of surgery for perforated ulcer as well as mortality statistics. A reduction in the Chinese:Malay difference in the incidence of perforated ulcer over three decades suggests that environmental factors are involved in producing these racial differences. However, we have to date been unable to determine the factor(s) responsible. The incidence of perforated ulcer in Singapore is increasing while ulcer mortality is declining. This is similar to the situation in Hong Kong but different from that in the western countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

Fulltext Acute intermittent porphyria: the first case report in Malaysia

Jeyamalar R, Ch'ng SL

Singapore Med J, 1986 Dec;27(6):548-52.

PMID: 3589732

Porphyrias are uncommon disorders of haem metabolism and we report the first documented case of acute intermittent porphyria in Malaysia. The biochemical, clinical features and the management of this order are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

Fulltext The Mentakab Hypertension Study project. Part II--Why do hypertensives drop out of treatment?

Lim TO, Ngah BA

Singapore Med J, 1991 Aug;32(4):249-51.

PMID: 1776004

Sixty hypertensives admitted into medical wards were interviewed in depth to determine reasons for their previous drop out of treatment. Eighty five percent of the patients were lacking in motivation. This was related to patients' lack of understanding concerning hypertension and its treatment, erroneous beliefs concerning hypertension held by patients and patients' perceived barrier to treatment. The evidence for these reasons were as follows: 95% of the patients were unaware that hypertension is a long term condition requiring life-long treatment, 60% were unable to state the likely consequences of uncontrolled hypertension, 78% equated relief of symptoms like headache, dizziness with control of hypertension, 52% believed long term consumption of 'western' medication was harmful, 12% believed they had been cured by traditional (bomoh or sinseh) treatment, 72% complained of long waiting time required to obtain care. Economic reasons however were unimportant. Patient education and more convenient clinic locations are necessary but insufficient to ensure compliance. They are particular elements, among others, of a 'good' doctor-patient relationship, which fundamentally is the critical determinant of compliance.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

Fulltext A clinico-pathological review of benign cystic teratoma of the ovary

Ong HC, Chan WF

Singapore Med J, 1977 Jun;18(2):100-4.

PMID: 929220

Benign cystic teratoma of the ovary has a varied incidence, varying from 30 to 50 per cent of all benign ovarian tumours. This tumour tends to occur in the reproductive age group (20 to 40 years), and the majority of patients are married with children. About 40 per cent of patients are symptomless. Of those with symptoms, abdominal pain and mass are the commonest. Torsion is the most frequent complication encountered, and the presence of acute pain should make one suspect this complication. The tumour is bilateral in 10 to 20 per cent of patients. This high bilateral occurrence places a responsibility on the gynaecologist to inspect the opposite ovary in all cases of unilateral dermoid cyst of the ovary at the time of laparotomy. Germ·layer derivatives are predominantly ectodermal in origin, although both mesodermal and entodermal derivatives occur frequently.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

Fulltext Pyloric stenosis in the ethnic groups of Singapore

Chong AYH, Lee HP

Singapore Med J, 1976 Sep;17(3):181-3.

PMID: 1019617

The incidence of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis among 141,215 Chinese, Malay and Indian live births in Singapore from 1972 to 1974 was determined. The incidence per 100,000 live births among these ethnic groups are: Chinese 21.2, Malay 9.7 and Indian 35.0. Pyloric stenosis is not absent although rare in oriental babies.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

Fulltext Clinico-pathological aspects of malignant lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract in Malaysia

Ti TK, Murugasu R, Yong NK

Singapore Med J, 1976 Sep;17(3):153-6.

PMID: 1019613

The clinical features and pathology of 17 patients with gastrointestinal lymphoma are reviewed. The small intestine was the site most commonly involved. Emergency presentation was usual: 11 of the 17 patients presented as acute abdomen or gastrointestinal haemorrhage. The frequency of gastrointestinal lymphoma to carcinoma in the Chinese and Indians was comparable to that in the West but a higher frequency was found in the Malays and Orang
Asli.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

Fulltext Epidemic hysteria and social change: an outbreak in a lower secondary school in Malaysia

Teoh JI

Singapore Med J, 1975 Dec;16(4):301-6.

PMID: 1224222

The interest in epidemic hysteria has been due to an increased prevalence of the phenomena in Malaysia in recent years. This paper describes the prevalence and characteristics of epidemic hysteria in Malaysia. An outbreak in a rural Malay lower secondary girls' school was described and the factors precipitating the outbreak were studied in detailed. The social interactions, native interpretation and psychodynamic constellations in the microcosm of tensions and interpersonal conflicts leading to the outbreak of hysteria were analysed and discussed. The paper also deals with the problem of social change within a closed-in rural community and how the various key personalities involved grappled with a problem thereby instituting social change.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

Fulltext Intake of foods containing proteins of high biological value in families of low income groups in Singapore

Tan N

Singapore Med J, 1970 Jun;11(2):130-7.

PMID: 5505886

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

Fulltext Schizophrenia in the university students

Kadri ZN

Singapore Med J, 1963 Sep;4(3):113-8.

PMID: 14075734

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

Fulltext Complicated migraine--a review of ten cases

Loh TG, Chawla JC

Singapore Med J, 1972 Dec;13(6):298-304.

PMID: 4657200

Complicated migraine is not well known. It is associated with transient and protean sensory and motor
nenrological features although disturbance of mood, affect and psyche has also been described.
This paper is based on a study of ten patients suffering from complicated migraine and attempt is made
to describe various neurological symptoms and signs.
It becomes apparent from this study that there arc diverse manifestations of this interesting disorder.
Furthermore complicated migraine seems to affect a younger age group and there may not be any
family history of migraine. In most cases the nenrological symptoms precede the attacks of headaches.
The nenrological deficit may persist after longer periods. Initially, the attacks arc usnally followed by
complete recovery, with repeated attacks there may be residual neurological deficit. Though the exact
aetiology of the migraine remains unknown, it has been suggested that it is due to spasm or oedema of
cerebral vascular system. If the vessels involved are the carotid artery system, the symptoms and signs
obviously would be due to involvement of cerebral hemisphere, whereas affection of basilar artery
would produce signs and symptoms of cerebellar or brain stem deficiency.
At times it may be extremely difficult to differentiate between a typical attack of migraine and headache
due to an underlying pathology e.g. intracranial angioma or space occupying lesions, which may
require investigations such as angiography. The angiography may prove fruitless and cause deterioration
in neurological signs. A careful follow-up should be planned for cases with complicated migraine
to exclude any underlying pathology.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

Fulltext Confirmatory factor analysis of the Malay version comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire tested among mothers of primary school children in Malaysia

Shohaimi S, Wei WY, Shariff ZM

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:676174.

PMID: 25538958 DOI: 10.1155/2014/676174

Comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire (CFPQ) is an instrument specifically developed to evaluate parental feeding practices. It has been confirmed among children in America and applied to populations in France, Norway, and New Zealand. In order to extend the application of CFPQ, we conducted a factor structure validation of the translated version of CFPQ (CFPQ-M) using confirmatory factor analysis among mothers of primary school children (N = 397) in Malaysia. Several items were modified for cultural adaptation. Of 49 items, 39 items with loading factors >0.40 were retained in the final model. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the final model (twelve-factor model with 39 items and 2 error covariances) displayed the best fit for our sample (Chi-square = 1147; df = 634; P < 0.05; CFI = 0.900; RMSEA = 0.045; SRMR = 0.0058). The instrument with some modifications was confirmed among mothers of school children in Malaysia. The present study extends the usability of the CFPQ and enables researchers and parents to better understand the relationships between parental feeding practices and related problems such as childhood obesity.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

Undescended testis: a study of 212 cases treated surgically

Joseph VT, Fong PH

Ann Acad Med Singap, 1981 Oct;10(4):502-6.

PMID: 6124206

Two hundred and twelve of undescended testes were operated on in the Department of Surgery, Singapore General Hospital between the years 1974 through 1980. There was a 51.9% incidence of right undescended testis, 34.9% left undescended testis and 13.2% were bilateral. The method of treatment was surgical exploration with orchidopexy wherever technically feasible or orchidectomy if the testis was found to be severely hypoplastic. Of the total series, 42% were operated on before the age of 5 years. The oldest patient undergoing orchidopery was aged 40. Failure of orchidopexy to secure the scrotal position for the testis was noted in 14 cases. This was probably due to inadequate mobilisation at the first operation. There was no mortality and no significant morbidity following surgical treatment in this series.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

Distribution of haptoglobins in different dialect groups of Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore

Saha N, Ong YW

Ann Acad Med Singap, 1984 Jul;13(3):498-501.

PMID: 6517517

A total of 870 subjects comprising 524 Chinese (from different dialect groups), 231 Malays and 115 Tamil Indians were investigated for the distribution of haptoglobin types and ABO blood groups. Haptoglobins were typed by PAG electrophoresis using discontinuous buffer system. The frequencies of Hp,1 Hp2 and Hp0 were found to be 0.330, 0.670 and 0.029 in Chinese; 0.298, 0.702 and 0.004 in Malays; and 0.167, 0.833 and 0.009 in Indians. The Hainanese had the highest frequency of Hp1 (0.375) followed by Cantonese (0.348), Teochew (0.333) and Hakkas (0.288). The distribution of all the phenotypes of haptoglobin was at equilibrium in all the population groups studied. No association of ABO blood groups was detected with the haptoglobin types. However, there was an excess of AB blood group in persons carrying Hp2 compared with those with Hp1.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

Frequencies of Gm and Km allotypes in the population of Singapore, Sri Lanka and Punjabis in North India

Daveau M, Rivat L, Lalouel JM, Langaney A, Roberts DF, Simons MJ

Hum Hered, 1980;30(4):237-44.

PMID: 7390516

Serum samples from Sinhalese subjects, from Punjab and from Singapore have been studied. The Gm phenotypes found are very numerous and we can observe some similarities concerning the Gm gene frequencies between the Singapore Indians with the Indians of North India, and with the Sinhalese. In contrast, Gm gene frequencies found among Chinese and Malays from Singapore are quite different from those found among Indians of Singapore. Our results here are very similar to those obtained in Malaya studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology

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