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Fulltext The effect of mating on the eggs’ fertility and fecundity of Helopeltis antonii (Heteroptera: Miridae)

Siswanto, Rita Muhamad, Dzolkhifli Omar, Elna Karmawati

Trop Life Sci Res, 2009;20(1):-.
MyJurnal

Helopeltis antonii is the major pest affecting cashew plants in Indonesia and causes potential damage to the plant. The development of the population was influenced by the fecundity and fertility of their eggs. The effect of mating on the eggs’ fecundity and the fertility of H. antonii was studied. Laboratory studies at Wonogiri Estate Service in Ngadirojo District, Wonogiri, Indonesia investigated the sexual maturity, the influence of female to male sex ratio on the females’ fecundity and longevity, and the influence of mating frequency to fecundity and the eggs hatchability of H. antonii. The study reveals that H. antonii females and males are ready to mate when they are two days old. The number of eggs laid and the longevity of the females’ lives were not significantly affected by the sex ratio; however, female to male sex ratios of 2:1 and 1:2 tended to produce a greater number of eggs. The fecundity of the female was not significantly influenced by the number of times the female mated. Unmated females laid fewer eggs than females paired with a mature male. The study shows that females need to mate to produce fertile eggs.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Some Biological Aspects of Bigeye Scad, Selar crumenophthalmus from Bangaa Faru, Maldives

Fadzly N, Adeeb S, Md Sah ASR

Trop Life Sci Res, 2017 Jul;28(2):127-141.
PMID: 28890766 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2017.28.2.10

In this paper, we studied some biological aspects of big eye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus) from Maldives. The fish sample was collected from the local fish market at Bangaa Faru, Male, Maldives. The length of the samples were ranged from 7.7 cm to 24.5 cm (mean value = 16.85 ± 2.82 cm) in fork length. Body weight ranged between 8 g to 255.6 g (mean value = 87.76 ± 40.41 g). The exponent values (b slope) of lengthweight relationship of S. crumenophthalmus are 2.9838 for females and 2.7687 for males; indicating negative allometric growth pattern for both sexes. Synchronous reproductive behaviour was observed in both sexes and a pronounced peak of Gonadosomatic index was observed in females in January 2013. It is estimated that length at first maturity (L50) for females is at 19.39 cm FL and for males at 21.76 cm FL. Our result also suggest that big eye scad have a reduced swimming capability, resulting the species to be easily caught. Careful planning and management should be implemented to prevent the big eye scad from being overfished.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Preliminary assessment on autecological studies of beardless barb, Cyclocheilichthys apogon (valenciennes, 1842) from Muda Reservoir of Kedah, Malaysia

Nor Aziella Mohd Rosli, Khaironizam Md Zain

Trop Life Sci Res, 2016;27(11):63-69.
MyJurnal

Like many other countries, reservoirs in Malaysia are primarily built for various
functions such as hydroelectric power generation, drinking water supply, flood mitigation
and irrigation for agricultural purposes. Artisanal fisheries activities were also performed in
these reservoirs. The freshwater fish are a requisite source of protein for the rural
population. Consequently, the fish resources in reservoirs should be carefully maintained
at sustainable level. Present study elucidates the preliminary assessment on autecological
studies of beardless barb, Cyclocheilichthys apogon as a model of fish biota in Muda
Reservoir. This research investigates the growth pattern of C. apogon using length-weight
relationship and their condition factor. A total of 307 specimens were captured using cast
net for six consecutive months from March 2014 until August 2014. The growth coefficient
(b) from the length-weight equation (W = aLb
) for male and female of C. apogon were
3.150 and 3.185, respectively, indicating positive allometric growth. The condition factor
values of male and female of C. apogon were 1.023 ± 0.111 and 1.026 ± 0.100,
respectively, suggesting that C. apogon is in good condition in Muda Reservoir. The
paucity of research on the autecological study in the Muda Reservoir contributes to the
main reason of performing this research. The findings will serve as baseline information of
this species in Muda Reservoir, as well as for comparative study in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext The Effect of Temperature on the Development of Trilocha varians (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) and Control of the Ficus Plant Pest

Basari N, Mustafa NS, Yusrihan NEN, Yean CW, Ibrahim Z

Trop Life Sci Res, 2019 Jan;30(1):23-31.
PMID: 30847031 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2019.30.1.2

Ficus plants are commonly planted as ornamentals along roadsides in Malaysia. In 2010, Ficus plants in Kuala Terengganu were found to be attacked by a moth, identified as Trilocha varians. The larvae of this moth fed on Ficus leaves causing up to 100% defoliation. This study was conducted to determine the life cycle of T. varians under two different environmental temperatures and to control this pest using two different insecticides. Our findings showed that there were significant differences in the time taken for eggs to hatch and larval and pupation period between low and high environmental temperatures. Results also showed that fipronil had lower LT50 and LT95 than malathion. This study provides new information on the life history of T. varians under two different conditions and the efficiency in controlling T. varians larvae using insecticides. The results of this study are important for future management in controlling T. varians population especially in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Relationship between financial well-being, life satisfaction, and cognitive function among low-income community-dwelling older adults: the moderating role of sex

Foong HF, Haron SA, Koris R, Hamid TA, Ibrahim R

Psychogeriatrics, 2021 Jul;21(4):586-595.
PMID: 33969594 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12709

BACKGROUND: Low financial well-being is a common predicament among older adults living in poverty. The existing literature suggests a correlation between financial well-being and mental health in old age. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the relationships among financial well-being, life satisfaction, and cognitive function among low-income older adults and to examine the moderating effect of sex on these relationships.
METHODS: This study involved 2004 nationally representative community-dwelling older Malaysians from the bottom 40% household income group. Financial well-being was assessed by the four-item financial satisfaction scale, while life satisfaction was measured by the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Cognitive function was measured by using the Malay version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Hierarchical multiple regression was used as the prime method for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: Financial well-being was positively associated with life satisfaction and cognitive function. Sex moderated the relationship between financial well-being and life satisfaction but not between financial well-being and cognitive function.
CONCLUSIONS: Financial well-being and life satisfaction were strongly correlated among older women, although no gender difference was found for the relationship between financial well-being and cognitive function. It appears financial well-being strongly predicts mental health. As such, poverty eradication initiatives targeting low-income older adults should be implemented to sustain life satisfaction and cognitive function.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Tactile perception of pleasantness in relation to perceived softness

Pasqualotto A, Ng M, Tan ZY, Kitada R

Sci Rep, 2020 07 07;10(1):11189.
PMID: 32636415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68034-x

The sense of touch allows us to infer objects' physical properties, while the same input also produces affective sensations. These affective sensations are important for interpersonal relationships and personal well-being, which raises the possibility that tactile preferences are adapted to the characteristics of the skin. Previous studies examined how physical properties such as surface roughness and temperature influence affective sensations; however, little is known about the effect of compliance (physical correlate of softness) on pleasantness. Thus, we investigated the psychophysical link between softness and pleasantness. Pieces of human skin-like rubber with different compliances were pressed against participants' fingers. Two groups of participants numerically estimated the perceived magnitude of either pleasantness or softness. The perceived magnitude of pleasantness and softness both increased monotonically as a function of increasing object compliance, levelling off at around the end of the stimulus range. However, inter-subject variability was greater for pleasantness than for perceived softness, whereas the slope of the linear function fit to the magnitude estimates was steeper for softness than for pleasantness. These results indicate that object compliance is a critical physical determinant for pleasantness, whereas the effect of compliance on pleasantness was more variable among individuals than the effect on softness was.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features

Low QJ, Teo KZ, Thien LK, Lim TH, Cheo SW

J R Coll Physicians Edinb, 2020 12;50(4):387-391.
PMID: 33469613 DOI: 10.4997/JRCPE.2020.407

BACKGROUND: Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency. This study was carried out to determine the etiologies of cardiac tamponade and review the management and outcomes.
METHODS: We retrospectively analysed case records of patients who underwent pericardiocentesis for cardiac tamponade during the two consecutive years (1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019) at Hospital Sultanah Nora Ismail, Batu Pahat, in Johor, Malaysia.
RESULTS: There were ten patients (eight males, two females; age range 20 to 70 years old, mean age 36 years old) who underwent pericardiocentesis for cardiac tamponade during the said period. Malignancy (40%), tuberculosis (30%), idiopathic (20%), and bacterial (10%) were among the common causes of the pericardial effusion in this center. The commonest symptoms were breathlessness (90%), chest pain (60%), cough (50%), and unexplained fever (20%). Pulsus paradoxus was the most speciÿ c sign (100%) for the presence of echocardiographic feature of cardiac tamponade. Two of the patients with tuberculous pericarditis had retroviral disease; one patient had bacterial pericarditis due to salmonella typhi.
CONCLUSION: This study has conÿ rmed that there are many etiologies and presentation of cardiac tamponade; clinicians should be alert as urgent pericardiocentesis is lifesaving.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Diagnostic and Treatment Challenges in Cerebral Tuberculoma in a Patient with Morbid Obesity

Wong QY, Tang ASO, Loh WH, Yong XM, Samuel D, Law WC, et al.

Am J Case Rep, 2021 Jul 10;22:e932852.
PMID: 34244464 DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.932852

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is prevalent, especially in low-income countries. The most devastating manifestation of tuberculosis is central nervous system (CNS) involvement, albeit rare. CASE REPORT We report a rare case of a 26-year-old woman with morbid obesity and hepatitis C who had cerebral tuberculoma and was treated with an extended duration of anti-tuberculosis multi-drug therapy. This patient was initially diagnosed with disseminated tuberculosis of the lungs, liver, and peritoneum. After 4 months of anti-tuberculosis treatment, she developed new right temporal hemianopia and new cerebral tuberculoma, which was identified on repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and was attributed to tuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. The anti-tuberculosis treatment was continued; however, she gained large amounts of weight, which resulted in the failure of the anti-tuberculosis treatment of the cerebral tuberculoma. We decided to adjust the anti-tuberculosis drug dosage using her total body weight, and she responded well, with a decrease in size of the cerebral tuberculoma. The anti-tuberculosis treatment was subsequently stopped after 3 years because of clinical and imaging improvement. CONCLUSIONS This case illustrates the challenges faced in the treatment of cerebral tuberculoma, which, in this case, included a high body mass index affecting drug dosage and confounding an inadequate treatment response as seen on interim MRI, resulting in prolonged duration of anti-tuberculosis treatment. Persistent enhancement seen on brain MRI does not equate to treatment failure.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Common combinations of medications used among oldest-old women: a population-based study over 15 years

Thiruchelvam K, Byles J, Hasan SS, Egan N, Cavenagh D, Kairuz T

Aging Clin Exp Res, 2021 Jul;33(7):1919-1928.
PMID: 32909246 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01693-y

BACKGROUND: Older people use many medications, but combinations of medications used among the oldest old (≥ 80 years) are not commonly reported.
AIMS: This study aimed to determine common combinations of medications used among women aged 77-96 years and to describe characteristics associated with these combinations.
METHODS: A cohort study of older women enroled in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health over a 15-year period was used to determine combinations of medications using latent class analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine characteristics associated with these combinations.
RESULTS: The highest medication users during the study were for the cardiovascular (2003: 80.28%; 2017: 85.63%) and nervous (2003: 66.03%; 2017: 75.41%) systems. A 3-class latent model described medication use combinations: class 1: 'Cardiovascular & neurology anatomical group' (27.25%) included participants using medications of the cardiovascular and nervous systems in their later years; class 2: 'Multiple anatomical group' (16.49%) and class 3: 'Antiinfectives & multiple anatomical group' (56.27%). When compared to the reference class (class 1), the risk of participants being in class 3 was slightly higher than being in class 2 if they had > 4 general practitioner visits (RRR 2.37; 95% CI 2.08, 2.71), Department of Veterans Affairs' coverage (RRR 1.59; 95% CI 1.36, 1.86), ≥ 4 chronic diseases (RRR 3.16; 95% CI 2.56, 3.90) and were frail (RRR 1.47; 95% CI 1.27, 1.69).
CONCLUSION: Identification of combinations of medication use may provide opportunities to develop multimorbidity guidelines and target medication reviews, and may help reduce medication load for older individuals.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Female black flies of Simulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) collected on humans in Tam Dao National Park, Vietnam: description of a new species and notes on four species newly recorded from Vietnam

Takaoka H, Sofian-Azirun M, Ya'cob Z, Chen CD, Lau KW, Pham HT

Trop Biomed, 2014 Dec;31(4):742-8.
PMID: 25776600 MyJurnal

A total of 29 female black flies were captured by a hand net as they swarmed around humans in Tam Dao National Park, Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam. They included one species of the subgenus Gomphostilbia (Simulium (Gomphostilbia) asakoae Takaoka & Davies) and five species of the subgenus Simulium, of which one species is described as Simulium (Simulium) vietnamense sp. nov. and the other four species (S. (S.) chungi Takaoka & Huang, S. (S.) grossifilum Takaoka & Davies, S. (S.) maenoi Takaoka & Choochote, and S. (S.) rufibasis Brunetti) are newly recorded from Vietnam.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Life table of Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Van der Wulp) (Diptera: Muscidae) under uncontrolled laboratory environments - a preliminary study

Aruna Devi A, Abu Hassan A, Kumara TK, Che Salmah MR

Trop Biomed, 2011 Dec;28(3):524-30.
PMID: 22433881

The life history of the male and female of the indoor forensic fly, Synthesiomyia nudiseta was studied under fluctuating temperature of indoor environments and analysed based on the age-stage and two sex life table. The life cycle of S. nudiseta was 14.0±1.0 days from the egg stage to adult emergence. The population parameters calculated were; net reproduction rate (R(o)= 108.6), mean generation time (T(o)= 12.2), intrinsic rate of increase (r(m)= 0.38), and finite rate of increase (λ= 1.46). The pre-oviposition period (APOP) was 6.0± 0.1 days. All population parameters suggested that S. nudiseta exhibits the r-strategist characteristics.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Scanning electron micrographs of medically important dust mite, Suidasia pontifica (Acari: Astigmata: Saproglyphidae) in Malaysia

Ahamad M, Louis SR, Hamid Z, Ho TM

Trop Biomed, 2011 Aug;28(2):275-82.
PMID: 22041746

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of dust mites, Suidasia pontifica, is presented to provide an improved visualization of the taxonomic characters of these mites. Suidasia pontifica can easily be identified by its scale-like cuticle, presence of external vertical setae (ve), longer external scapular setae (sce) compared to internal scapular setae (sci) and 3 ventral spines on apex of tarsus I. The differences in morphology of male and female S. pontifica are also discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext First report of maggots of family Piophilidae recovered from human cadavers in Malaysia

Nazni WA, Jeffery J, Sa'diyah I, Noorjuliana WM, Chen CD, Rohayu SA, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2008 Aug;25(2):173-5.
PMID: 18948890

Piophila casei (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Piophilidae) is reported from human cadavers in two separate forensic cases for the first time in Malaysia. Both bodies were found indoors. The first case, was that of a male of unknown nationality and age and also contained maggots of the muscid Ophyra spinigera (Stein). The second case was a female Chinese whose body also contained other species of maggots but these were not identifiable.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Population analysis of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera:Culicidae) under uncontrolled laboratory conditions

Nur Aida H, Abu Hassan A, Nurita AT, Che Salmah MR, Norasmah B

Trop Biomed, 2008 Aug;25(2):117-25.
PMID: 18948882

A semi laboratory experiment using 3 cohorts of Aedes albopictus adults was performed to obtain age-specific mortality and fecundity information and to derive statistical estimates of some population growth parameters. Life expectancy was calculated for both males and females. The following population parameters were estimated: intrinsic rate of increase (rm= 0.21), net reproductive (replacement) rate (Ro= 68.70), age at mean cohort reproduction (To=10.55 days), birth rate (B=0.23), death rate (D=0.02) and generation time (G=20.14 days). The high rm/B (0.91) and B/D (11.50) ratios indicated the high colonizing ability of Ae. albopictus in nature.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Scanning electron micrographs of two species of Sturnophagoides (Acari: Astigmata: Pyroglyphidae) mites in Malaysia

Mariana A, Santana Raj AS, Ho TM, Tan SN, Zuhaizam H

Trop Biomed, 2008 Dec;25(3):217-24.
PMID: 19287360

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of two dust mites, Sturnophagoides brasiliensis and Sturnophagoides halterophilus, are presented to provide an improved visualization of the taxonomic characters of these mites. Sturnophagoides halterophilus can be differentiated from S. brasiliensis by their expanded genu and femur of leg I. The differences in morphology of male and female S. brasiliensis are also discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Prevalence and factors related to smoking among secondary school students in Kota Tinggi District, Johor, Malaysia

Lim KH, Amal NM, Hanjeet K, Mashod MY, Wan Rozita WM, Sumarni MG, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2006 Jun;23(1):75-84.
PMID: 17041555 MyJurnal

Smoking among adolescent is a public health concern in Malaysia. Multiple studies on smoking prevalence and its related factors have been conducted in Malaysia, however, they were specific to either urban or rural areas alone. Studies in mixed settlement areas (urban, rural, land development area) had not been intensively investigated. This study reports the prevalence, demographic and factors related to smoking amongst form four students in the district of Kota Tinggi, Johor. A cross-sectional study of 16-year old secondary school students in Kota Tinggi district was conducted using two-stage stratified, proportionate sampling in July 2005. The study instrument used was a validated structured questionnaire on smoking and its related factors. Smoking prevalence was found to be 29.7%. More than 50% of male students were smokers. Prevalence was highest in FELDA (Federal Land Development Authority) settlement areas. Smoking was associated with having a brother or friend who smokes and poor academic performance. The study revealed that smoking prevalence was high, especially among male students in land development schemes. This situation will contribute to high smoking-related health problems in the future if proper preventive measures are not taken accordingly.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Dengue, an emerging arboviral infection in Assam, northeast India

Dev V, Mahanta N, Baruah BK

Trop Biomed, 2015 Dec 01;32(4):796-799.
PMID: 33557473

Dengue is emerging as major public health concern in northeast India and spreading with increased morbidity. Most cases were recorded in Guwahati metropolitan city of the state of Assam during post-monsoon months (September- December). These comprised all age groups of both sexes with significantly higher incidence of cases in adult males aged 26- 60 years.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Description of the female of Simulium chayamaritae (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand

Takaoka H, Srisuka W, Saeung A

Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):975-980.
PMID: 33601845

Simulium chayamaritae Takaoka and Srisuka from Thailand belongs to the Simulium darjeelingense species-group of Simulium (Simulium) (Diptera: Simuliidae). The female of this species is described for the first time based on a female reared from a pupa collected from Chiang Mai, Thailand. It is characterized by the sensory vesicle elongate and the inner margins of the arms of the genital fork divergent, then convergent apically. It is similar to the female of S. eshimai Takaoka and Adler of the same speciesgroup from Vietnam. Taxonomic notes are given to separate it from two other species of the S. darjeelingense species-group from India and Malaysia, and 28 of 31 other species of the subgenus Gomphostilbia recorded from Thailand.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Three new species of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Lesser Sunda Archipelago, Indonesia

Takaoka H, Sofian-Azirun M, Chen CD, Lau KW, Halim MRA, Low VL, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):951-974.
PMID: 33601844

Simulium (Gomphostilbia) dhangi sp. nov., S. (G.) sumbaense sp. nov. and S. (Nevermannia) wayani sp. nov. are described from the Lesser Sunda Archipelago, Indonesia. Simulium (G.) sumbaense sp. nov. is placed in the S. varicorne species-group and is characterized by the pupal gill with eight filaments arranged as (1+1+1+1+2)+2 from dorsal to ventral, while S. (G.) dhangi sp. nov., unplaced to group, is characterized by the pupal gill composed of two inflated trunks and four slender filaments all arising basally, and the short larval antenna as long as the stem of the labral fan. Simulium (N.) wayani sp. nov. belongs to the S. ruficorne species-group and is characterized by the female spermatheca with an unsclerotized neck, and pupal gill with four inflated filaments. The number of species of black flies from the archipelago increases from 19 to 22.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Association between body mass index and urinary tract infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort studies

Alhabeeb H, Baradwan S, Kord-Varkaneh H, Tan SC, Low TY, Alomar O, et al.

Eat Weight Disord, 2021 Oct;26(7):2117-2125.
PMID: 33423153 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01101-4

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Very few studies have investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of urinary tract infection (UTI), and conclusions from these available studies have been inconsistent. To resolve this inconsistency, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to precisely examine the association between BMI and UTI.
METHODS: This meta-analysis was performed based on the PRISMA recommendations. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases were searched for all published observational studies that reported the risk of UTI based on BMI categories up to March 2020.
RESULTS: Fourteen (n = 14) articles comprising 19 studies in different populations met our inclusion criteria. The overall analysis showed a significant increased risk of UTI in subjects affected by obesity vs. individuals without obesity (RR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.28 - 1.63; I2 = 94%), and a non-significant increased risk of UTI in subjects who were overweight (RR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.98 - 1.10; I2 = 49.6%) and underweight (RR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.81 - 21; I2 = 0.0%) when compared to subjects who had normal weight. In the stratified analysis, we showed that obesity increased the risk of UTI in females (RR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.38 - 1.93) and in subjects below 60 years old (RR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.33 - 1.75).
CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis recognized a significant relationship between BMI and incidence of UTI in obese vs. non-obese subjects, as well as in females and in individuals below 60 years old.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

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