Displaying publications 241 - 260 of 402 in total

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  1. Fulltext 2-[(1E)-({[(Benzyl-sulfan-yl)methane-thio-yl]amino}-imino)-meth-yl]-6-meth-oxy-phenol: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis
    Yusof EN, Jotani MM, Tiekink ER, Ravoof TB
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2016 Apr 01;72(Pt 4):516-21.
    PMID: 27375879 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989016004291
    The title di-thio-carbazate ester, C16H16N2O2S2, comprises two almost planar residues, i.e. the phenyl ring and the remaining 14 non-H atoms (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0410 Å). These are orientated perpendicularly, forming a dihedral angle of 82.72 (5)°. An intra-molecular hy-droxy-O-H⋯N(imine) hydrogen bond, leading to an S(6) loop, is noted. An analysis of the geometric parameters is consistent with the mol-ecule existing as the thione tautomer, and the conformation about the C=N bond is E. The thione S and imine H atoms lie to the same side of the mol-ecule, facilitating the formation of inter-molecular N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds leading to eight-membered {⋯HNCS}2 synthons in the crystal. These aggregates are connected by phenyl-C-H⋯O(hy-droxy) inter-actions into a supra-molecular layer in the bc plane; these stack with no directional inter-actions between them. An analysis of the Hirshfeld surface confirms the nature of the inter-molecular inter-actions.
  2. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the domestic environment of a Malaysian village
    Vadivelu J, Feachem RG, Drasar BS, Harrison TJ, Parasakthi N, Thambypillai V, et al.
    Epidemiol Infect, 1989 Dec;103(3):497-511.
    PMID: 2691267
    The membrane-filter assay, GM1-ELISA, and DNA-DNA hybridization assay, were used to detect enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in samples of water, weaning food, food preparation surface swabs, fingerprints of mothers, and the fingerprints and stools of children under 5 years of age, in 20 households in a Malaysian village. Weaning food and environmental samples were frequently contaminated by faecal coliforms, including ETEC. The membrane-filter assay detected and enumerated faecal coliforms and LT-ETEC in all types of water and weaning food samples. Highest concentrations of faecal coliforms and LT-ETEC were found in weaning food, followed by well-water, stored water and stored drinking water. The GM1-ELISA detected LT-ETEC in weaning food, food preparation surfaces, fingerprints and stool samples. The DNA-DNA hybridization assay detected a larger proportion of STa2-ETEC than the other toxotypes, either singly or in combination. All the assays in combination detected the presence of ETEC in all types of samples on at least one occasion in each household. It was not possible to classify households as consistently more or less contaminated with ETEC. On individual occasions it was possible to show a significant association of the presence of LT-ETEC between the fingerprints of children and their stools, fingerprints of mothers and children, and weaning food and the stools of the child consuming the food.
  3. [Discrimination of geographic strains of periodic Brugia malayi by the cuticular ornamentation of the male]
    Bain O, Chandrasekharan SA, Partono F, Mak JW, Zheng HJ, Seo BS, et al.
    Ann Parasitol Hum Comp, 1988;63(3):209-23.
    PMID: 3190122
    A comparative study of five periodic human strains of Brugia malayi, originating from India, China, Korea, Malaysia and Indonesia, is given. This morphological analysis is based on males; the "standard" characters (oesophagus, papillae, spicules...) appear identical. On the contrary, the cuticular ornamentation of the posterior region--which is composed of the area rugosa and of a system of bosses and constitutes a secondary non-skid copulatory apparatus--differs following the geographical origin of the strain. A key is given, based on this character. 1(2) At 800-1,200 micron from the tip of tail, numerous cuticular bosses present on the right side of the body (fig. 2 and 8 B). 2(1) At 800-1,200 micron from the tip of tail, cuticular bosses absent or scarce on the right side of the body (fig. 8 D). 3(4) At 1,800-1,200 micron from the tip of tail (fig. 4), scarce and slightly projecting cuticular bosses on the dorsal side of the body contrasting with well projecting lateral cuticular bosses (fig. 9 E and F). Anterior extremity of the area rugosa made by a few stripes of tiny bosses linked transversally (fig. 9 A). 4(3) At 1,800-2,200 micron, numerous cuticular bosses on the dorsal side of the body (figs. 5, 6 and 7). Anterior extremity of the area rugosa made by the stripes of longitudinal rods (fig. 9C). 5(6) Oblong transversally stretched cuticular bosses on the dorsal and left sides of the body, anteriorly to the area rugosa (fig. 5); big oblong bosses on the left side (fig. 9 B). Transversal wrinkles and stripes of rods absent on the dorsal side of the body. 6(5) Round cuticular bosses on the dorsal and left sides of the body anteriorly to the area rugosa (figs. 6 and 7): no big oblong bosses on the left side. Transversal wrinkles or stripes of rods present on the dorsal side of the body (fig. 9 D). Nomenclaturally, such differences could be used in defining different taxa, but it could be useful to perform "blind determination" (material without labelling), to study conveniently the morphology of microfilariae (often an excellent indication for speciation in that group of Nematodes) and, evenly, to proceed to parallel studies on isoenzymes. However, whatever could be the taxonomical conclusion, the differences observed in Brugia malayi originating from different regions appear to the sufficient to consider the existence of four distinct diseases.
  4. Follicular thyroid cancer with sternal metastasis - challenges and outcomes
    Syazni MA, Gendeh HS, Kosai NR, Ramzisham AR, Gendeh BS, Basiron NH, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2017 02;72(1):80-82.
    PMID: 28255152 MyJurnal
    Sternal metastasis from differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is rare and presents a conundrum for surgeons. We present a lady diagnosed with follicular thyroid carcinoma and sternal metastasis who underwent thyroidectomy, sternectomy and sternoplasty with titanium mesh and acrylic plate. She developed a surgical site infection, of which multiple conservative approaches were attempted. She eventually required removal of the implant. Closure of sternal defect was completed with bilateral pectoralis major advancement flaps. This article highlights a series of complications faced during the course of treatment and how they were managed in a tertiary healthcare centre.
  5. Fulltext Bis{4-methylbenzyl 2-[4-(propan-2-yl)benzyl-idene]hydrazine-carbodi-thio-ato-κ2N2,S}nickel(II): crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis
    Yusof EN, Ravoof TB, Tahir MI, Jotani MM, Tiekink ER
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2017 Mar 01;73(Pt 3):397-402.
    PMID: 28316818 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017002419
    The complete mol-ecule of the title hydrazine carbodi-thio-ate complex, [Ni(C19H21N2S2)2], is generated by the application of a centre of inversion. The NiII atom is N,S-chelated by two hydrazinecarbodi-thio-ate ligands, which provide a trans-N2S2 donor set that defines a distorted square-planar geometry. The conformation of the five-membered chelate ring is an envelope with the NiII atom being the flap atom. In the crystal, p-tolyl-C-H⋯π(benzene- i Pr), i Pr-C-H⋯π(p-tol-yl) and π-π inter-actions [between p-tolyl rings with inter-centroid distance = 3.8051 (12) Å] help to consolidate the three-dimensional architecture. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surface confirms the importance of H-atom contacts in establishing the packing.
  6. Fulltext Effect of Carica papaya Leaf Extract Capsule on Platelet Count in Patients of Dengue Fever with Thrombocytopenia
    Gadhwal AK, Ankit BS, Chahar C, Tantia P, Sirohi P, Agrawal RP
    J Assoc Physicians India, 2016 06;64(6):22-26.
    PMID: 27739263
    OBJECTIVE: Thrombocytopenia in dengue fever is a common and serious complication. However, no specific treatment is available for dengue fever induced thrombocytopenia. In few countries (Pakistan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and other Asian countries) the leaf extract of Carica papaya has been effectively used for thrombocytopenia. So, the study is planned to access effect of Carica papaya leaf extract on platelet count in dengue fever patients.

    METHODS: All participants were randomised into two groups, study group and control group; the study group was given papaya leaf extract capsule of 500 mg once daily and routine supportive treatment for consecutive five days. The controls were given only routine supportive treatment. Daily complete blood counts, platelet counts and haematocrit level, liver function test, renal function test of both groups were observed.

    RESULTS: On the first day platelet count of study group and control group was (59.82±18.63, 61.06±20.03 thousands, p value 0.36). On the 2nd day platelet count of both study and control groups was not significantly different (61.67±19.46 and 59.93±19.52 thousands, p value 0.20) but on 3rd day platelet count of study group was significantly higher than control group (82.96±16.72, 66.45±17.36 thousands, p value < 0.01). On 4th and 5th day platelet count of study group (122.43±19.36 and 112.47±17.49 thousands respectively) was also significantly higher than the control group (88.75±21.65 and 102.59±19.35 thousands) (p value < 0.01). On 7th day platelet count of study group and control group were not significantly different (124.47±12.35 and 122.46±19.76 thousands respectively, p value 0.08). Average hospitalization period of study group v/s control group was 3.65±0.97 v/s 5.42±0.98 days (p value < 0.01). Average platelet transfusion requirement in study group was significantly less than control group (0.685 units per patient v/s 1.19 units per patient) (p value <0.01).

    CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that Carica papaya leaf extract increases the platelet count in dengue fever without any side effect and prevents the complication of thrombocytopenia. So, it can be used in dengue fever with thrombocytopenia patients.
  7. Fulltext A cinnamaldehyde Schiff base of S-(4-methyl-benz-yl) di-thio-carbazate: crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational study
    Yusof ENM, Tahir MIM, Ravoof TBSA, Tan SL, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2017 Apr 01;73(Pt 4):543-549.
    PMID: 28435717 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017003991
    The title di-thio-carbazate ester (I), C18H18N2S2 [systematic name: (E)-4-methyl-benzyl 2-[(E)-3-phenyl-allyl-idene]hydrazinecarbodi-thio-ate, comprises an almost planar central CN2S2 residue [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0131 Å]. The methyl-ene(tolyl-4) group forms a dihedral angle of 72.25 (4)° with the best plane through the remaining non-hydrogen atoms [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0586 Å] so the mol-ecule approximates mirror symmetry with the 4-tolyl group bis-ected by the plane. The configuration about both double bonds in the N-N=C-C=C chain is E; the chain has an all trans conformation. In the crystal, eight-membered centrosymmetric thio-amide synthons, {⋯HNCS}2, are formed via N-H⋯S(thione) hydrogen bonds. Connections between the dimers via C-H⋯π inter-actions lead to a three-dimensional architecture. A Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that (I) possesses an inter-action profile similar to that of a closely related analogue with an S-bound benzyl substituent, (II). Computational chemistry indicates the dimeric species of (II) connected via N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds is about 0.94 kcal mol(-1) more stable than that in (I).
  8. Adsorption, desorption, and mobility of two insecticides in Malaysian agricultural soil
    Ismai BS, Enoma AO, Cheah UB, Lum KY, Malik Z
    J Environ Sci Health B, 2002 Jul;37(4):355-64.
    PMID: 12081027
    Laboratory studies utilizing radioisotopic techniques were conducted to determine the adsorption, desorption, and mobility of endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxanthiepin3-oxide) and methamidophos (O,S-dimethyl phosphorothioate) in sandy loam and clay soils of the Cameron Highlands and the Muda rice-growing area, respectively. High Freundlich adsorption distribution coefficients [Kads(f)] for endosulfan (6.74 and 18.75) and low values for methamidophos (0.40 and 0.98) were obtained in the sandy loam and clay soils, respectively. The observed Koc values for endosulfan were 350.85 (sandy loam) and 1143.19 (clay) while Koc values of 20.92 (sandy loam) and 59.63 (clay) were obtained for methamidophos. Log Kow of 0.40 and 1.25 were calculated for endosulfan as well as -1.96 and -1.21 for methamidophos in the sandy loam and clay soils, respectively. Desorption was common to both pesticides but the desorption capacity of methamidophos from each soil type far exceeded that of endosulfan. Soil thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column studies showed that while methamidophos was very mobile in both soils, endosulfan displayed zero mobility in clay soil.
  9. Entrance dose measurement: a simple and reliable technique
    Banjade DP, Raj TA, Ng BS, Xavier S, Tajuddin AA, Shukri A
    Med Dosim, 2003;28(2):73-8.
    PMID: 12804703
    Verification of tumor dose for patients undergoing external beam radiotherapy is an important part of quality assurance programs in radiation oncology. Among the various methods available, entrance dose in vivo is one reliable method used to verify the tumor dose delivered to a patient. In this work, entrance dose measurements using LiF:Mg;Ti and LiF:Mg;Cu;P thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) without buildup cap was carried out. The TLDs were calibrated at the surface of a water equivalent phantom against the maximum dose, using 6- and 10-MV photon and 9-MeV electron beams. The calibration geometry was such that the TLDs were placed on the surface of the "solid-water" phantom and a calibrated ionization chamber was positioned inside the phantom at calibration depth. The calibrated TLDs were then utilized to measure the entrance dose during the treatment of actual patients. Measurements were also carried out in the same phantom simultaneously to check the stability of the system. The dose measured in the phantom using the TLDs calibrated for entrance dose to 6-and 10-MV photon beams was found to be close to the dose determined by the treatment planning system (TPS) with discrepancies of not more than 4.1% (mean 1.3%). Consequently, the measured entrance dose during dose delivery to the actual patients with a prescribed geometry was found to be compatible with a maximum discrepancy of 5.7% (mean 2.2%) when comparison was made with the dose determined by the TPS. Likewise, the measured entrance dose for electron beams in the phantom and in actual patients using the calibrated TLDs were also found to be close, with maximum discrepancies of 3.2% (mean 2.0%) and 4.8% (mean 2.3%), respectively. Careful implementation of this technique provides vital information with an ability to confidently accept treatment algorithms derived by the TPS or to re-evaluate the parameters when necessary.
  10. Movement and persistence of methamidophos in vegetable agroecosystem
    Ismail BS, Cheah UB, Enoma AO, Lum KY, Malik Z
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2002 Sep;69(3):444-51.
    PMID: 12177768
  11. Alternate careers for medical graduates and house officers in Malaysia
    Naicker AS, Vinoshn DK, Yuliawiratman BS, Alaga A, Kevin Ng WS, Naicker MS, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2021 03;76(2):183-189.
    PMID: 33742626
    INTRODUCTION: In recent years, many unresolved issues pertaining to house officers in Malaysia have led to a longer waiting time and a 'glut' of medical graduates with a surprising 20% dropout amongst those who join the housemanship programme. This appears to reflect the changing times, mindsets and work expectations of millennials who comprise this cohort reflecting a need to consider possibilities of career shifts especially so in these uncertain times. This study explores the perceptions, awareness and interest in alternative career options amongst recent graduates and house officers.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a study done between 2018 and 2019 using a questionnaire which was shared on various social platforms. Data analysis was done using Excel spreadsheet.

    RESULTS: A total of 450 house officers and 657 medical graduates responded. Expectedly 66.8% claimed lifelong passion whilst another 12.1% claimed family influence as their reason to do medicine. Most were aware of their career challenges and 40% of them were keen to consider career change and reskilling indicating a possible shift from traditional expectations of a medical career.

    CONCLUSION: Whilst medicine is often considered a true calling, current challenges will require mental and emotional flexibility to explore other career opportunities. Thus, engagement programmes should be directed at medical graduates and house officers to identify and support those open to career transitions. This will help address current issues of internship bottleneck and rising dropout rates amongst internees. Early career change engagements will give them insight into their true career goals whilst opening up opportunities for those who wish to change.

  12. Emergency Laparotomy in a COVID-19 patient with acute abdomen
    Hassan R, Johari M, Nijhar JS, Sharifah BSA, Low LL, Amri N
    Med J Malaysia, 2021 03;76(2):254-257.
    PMID: 33742640
    We describe here the first laparotomy involving a COVID-19 patient in Malaysia. A 60-year-old man screened positive for SARS-CoV-2 in March 2020 and developed acute abdomen in the ward in Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Kedah. He underwent laparotomy and cholecystectomy for gangrenous cholecystitis. All personnel adhered to infectious control precautions, donning full personal protective equipment (PPE) throughout the surgery. Post-operatively, due to raised septic parameters, he was carefully diagnosed with and treated empirically for superimposed bacterial sepsis instead of cytokine release syndrome, with confirmed blood culture of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Patient was discharged well later. None of the staff involved in his care developed COVID-19 infection.
  13. Fulltext Bis{N'-[3-(4-nitro-phen-yl)-1-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-yl-idene]-N-phenyl-carbamimido-thio-ato}zinc(II): crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational study
    Tan MY, Kwong HC, Crouse KA, Ravoof TBSA, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2021 Aug 01;77(Pt 8):839-846.
    PMID: 34422312 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989021007398
    The title zinc bis-(thio-semicarbazone) complex, [Zn(C22H17N4O2S)2], comprises two N,S-donor anions, leading to a distorted tetra-hedral N2S2 donor set. The resultant five-membered chelate rings are nearly planar and form a dihedral angle of 73.28 (3)°. The configurations about the endocyclic- and exocyclic-imine bonds are Z and E, respectively, and that about the ethyl-ene bond is E. The major differences in the conformations of the ligands are seen in the dihedral angles between the chelate ring and nitro-benzene rings [40.48 (6) cf. 13.18 (4)°] and the N-bound phenyl and nitro-benzene ring [43.23 (8) and 22.64 (4)°]. In the crystal, a linear supra-molecular chain along the b-axis direction features amine-N-H⋯O(nitro) hydrogen bonding. The chains assemble along the 21-screw axis through a combination of phenyl-C-H⋯O(nitro) and π(chelate ring)-π(phen-yl) contacts. The double chains are linked into a three-dimensional architecture through phenyl-C-H⋯O(nitro) and nitro-O⋯π(phen-yl) inter-actions.
  14. Fulltext 1-{(E)-[4-(4-Hy-droxy-phen-yl)butan-2-yl-idene]amino}-3-phenyl-thio-urea: crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational study
    Tan MY, Kwong HC, Crouse KA, Ravoof TBSA, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2021 Aug 01;77(Pt 8):788-794.
    PMID: 34422302 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989021006666
    The title thio-urea derivative, C17H19N3OS, adopts a U-shaped conformation with the dihedral angle between the terminal aromatic rings being 73.64 (5)°. The major twist in the mol-ecule occurs about the ethane bond with the Ci-Ce-Ce-Cb torsion angle being -78.12 (18)°; i = imine, e = ethane and b = benzene. The configuration about the imine bond is E, the N-bound H atoms lie on opposite sides of the mol-ecule and an intra-molecular amine-N-H⋯N(imine) hydrogen bond is evident. In the mol-ecular packing, hydroxyl-O-H⋯S(thione) and amine-N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding feature within a linear, supra-molecular chain. The chains are connected into a layer in the ab plane by a combination of methyl-ene-C-H⋯S(thione), methyl-ene-C-H⋯O(hydrox-yl), methyl-C-H⋯π(phen-yl) and phenyl-C-H⋯π(hy-droxy-benzene) inter-actions. The layers stack without directional inter-actions between them. The analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surface highlights the presence of weak methyl-C-H⋯O(hydrox-yl) and H⋯H inter-actions in the inter-layer region. Computational chemistry indicates that dispersion energy is the major contributor to the overall stabilization of the mol-ecular packing.
  15. Fulltext Facile synthesis of PEDOT-rGO/HKUST-1 for high performance symmetrical supercapacitor device
    Mohanadas D, Mohd Abdah MAA, Azman NHN, Ravoof TBSA, Sulaiman Y
    Sci Rep, 2021 Jun 03;11(1):11747.
    PMID: 34083589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91100-x
    A novel poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-reduced graphene oxide/copper-based metal-organic framework (PrGO/HKUST-1) has been successfully fabricated by incorporating electrochemically synthesized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-reduced graphene oxide (PrGO) and hydrothermally synthesized copper-based metal-organic framework (HKUST-1). The field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM) and elemental mapping analysis revealed an even distribution of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and HKUST-1. The crystalline structure and vibration modes of PrGO/HKUST-1 were validated utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as Raman spectroscopy, respectively. A remarkable specific capacitance (360.5 F/g) was obtained for PrGO/HKUST-1 compared to HKUST-1 (103.1 F/g), PrGO (98.5 F/g) and PEDOT (50.8 F/g) using KCl/PVA as a gel electrolyte. Moreover, PrGO/HKUST-1 composite with the longest charge/discharge time displayed excellent specific energy (21.0 Wh/kg), specific power (479.7 W/kg) and an outstanding cycle life (95.5%) over 4000 cycles. Thus, the PrGO/HKUST-1 can be recognized as a promising energy storage material.
  16. Fulltext Di-n-but-yl[N'-(3-meth-oxy-2-oxidobenzyl-idene)-N-phenyl-carbamohydrazono-thio-ato]tin(IV): crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational study
    Yusof ENM, Kwong HC, Karunakaran T, Ravoof TBSA, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2021 Mar 01;77(Pt 3):286-293.
    PMID: 33953953 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989021001870
    The title diorganotin Schiff base derivative, [Sn(C4H9)2(C15H13N3O2S)], features a penta-coordinated tin centre defined by the N,O,S-donor atoms of the di-anionic Schiff base ligand and two methyl-ene-C atoms of the n-butyl substituents. The resultant C2NOS donor set defines a geometry inter-mediate between trigonal-bipyramidal and square-pyramidal. In the crystal, amine-N-H⋯O(meth-oxy) hydrogen bonding is found in a helical, supra-molecular chain propagating along the b-axis direction. The chains are assembled into a layer parallel to (01) with methyl-ene-C-H⋯π(phen-yl) inter-actions prominent; layers stack without directional inter-actions between them. The analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surface showed the presence of weak methyl-ene-C-H⋯π(phen-yl) inter-actions and short H⋯H contacts in the inter-layer region. Consistent with the nature of the identified contacts, the stabilization of the crystal is dominated by the dispersion energy term.
  17. The epidemiology of COVID-19 in ten Southeast Asian countries
    Rampal S, Rampal L, Jayaraj VJ, Pramanick A, Choolani M, Liew BS, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2021 11;76(6):783-791.
    PMID: 34806661
    INTRODUCTION: Periodic benchmarking of the epidemiology of COVID-19 in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries is critical for the continuous understanding of the transmission and control of COVID-19 in the region. The incidence, mortality, testing and vaccination rates within the ASEAN region from 1 January 2020 to 15 October 2021 is analysed in this paper.

    METHODS: COVID-19 data on cases, deaths, testing, and vaccinations were extracted from the Our World in Data (OWID) COVID-19 data repository for all the ten ASEAN countries. Comparative time-trends of the epidemiology of COVID-19 using the incidence rate, cumulative case fatality rate (CFR), delay-adjusted case fatality rate, cumulative mortality rate (MR), test positivity rate (TPR), cumulative testing rate (TR) and vaccination rate was carried out.

    RESULTS: Over the study period, a total of 12,720,661 cases and 271,475 deaths was reported within the ASEAN region. Trends of daily per capita cases were observed to peak between July and September 2021 for the ASEAN region. The cumulative case fatality rate (CFR) in Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam, was of 0.9% (N=68), 2.2% (N=2,610), 3.5% (N=142,889), 0.1% (N=36), 1.2% (N=27,700), 4.0% (N=18,297), 1.6% (N=40,424), 0.1% (N=215), 1.7% (N=18,123), and 2.6% (N=21,043), respectively. CFR was consistently highest between January-June 2020. The cumulative mortality rate (MR) was 9.5, 13.7, 51.4, 0.2, 80.3, 32.4, 34.5, 1.6, 23.9 and 19.7 per 100,000 population, respectively. The cumulative test positivity rate (TPR) was 8.4%, 16.9%, 4.6%, 7.5%, 11.1%, 12.9%, 0.5%, 11.7%, and 3.6%, with the cumulative testing rate (TR) at 25.0, 90.1, 27.4, 917.7, 75.8, 177.8, 3303.3, 195.2, and 224.9 tests per 1,000 population in Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam, respectively. The percentage of population that completed vaccinations (VR) was 44.5%, 65.3%, 18.5%, 28.2%, 61.8%, 6.8%, 19.2%, 76.8%, 22.7%, and 10% in Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: In 2020, most countries in ASEAN had higher case fatality rates but lower mortalities per population when compared to the third quarter of 2021 where higher mortalities per population were observed. Low testing rates have been one of the factors leading to high test positivity rates. Slow initiation of vaccination programs was found to be the key factor leading to high incidence and case fatality rate in most countries in ASEAN. Effective public health measures were able to interrupt the transmission of this novel virus to some extent. Increasing preparedness capacity within the ASEAN region is critical to ensure that any future similar outbreaks can be dealt with collectively.

  18. Fulltext {S-Benzyl 3-[(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl-κN)methyl-idene]dithio-carbazato-κ(2)N(3),S}zinc
    Ravoof TB, Omar SA, Mohamed Tahir MI, Crouse KA
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2012 May 1;68(Pt 5):m534-5.
    PMID: 22590061 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536812013529
    The title compound, [Zn(C(15)H(14)N(3)S(2))(2)], contains two chemically equivalent Schiff base anions that are coordinated to the Zn(II) ion as tridentate N,N',S-chelating ligands, creating a distorted octa-hedral environment [the smallest angle being 75.40 (6)° and the widest angle being 162.87 (6)°], with the two S atoms in cis positions. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the two coordinating ligands is 85.65 (5)°. Weak C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds are also observed.
  19. Fulltext Bis{S-benzyl 3-[(phen-yl)(pyridin-2-yl)methyl-idene]dithio-carbazato}zinc acetonitrile monosolvate
    Ravoof TB, Omar SA, Mohamed Tahir MI, Crouse KA
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2012 Apr 1;68(Pt 4):m390-1.
    PMID: 22589778 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536812009592
    In the title compound, [Zn(C(20)H(16)N(3)S(2))(2)]·CH(3)CN, two different Schiff base moieties coordinate to the central Zn(II) ion as tridentate N,N',S-chelating ligands, creating a distorted octa-hedral environment [the smallest angle being 73.24 (6)° and the widest angle being 155.73 (7)°], with the two S atoms in cis positions. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the two coordinating ligands is 83.65 (5)°. The crystal packing is consolidated by weak C-H⋯N hydrogen-bonding inter-actions.
  20. Effects of balance-focused interactive games compared to therapeutic balance classes for older women
    Singh DK, Rajaratnam BS, Palaniswamy V, Raman VP, Bong PS, Pearson H
    Climacteric, 2013 Feb;16(1):141-6.
    PMID: 22640573 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2012.664832
    The prospective pre-post control study was designed to evaluate the effect of introducing balance-focused interactive virtual-reality games to community-dwelling older women to improve their agility, balance and functional mobility.
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