Displaying publications 261 - 280 of 1383 in total

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  1. Helicobacter pylori in Melbourne Chinese immigrants: evidence for oral-oral transmission via chopsticks
    Chow TK, Lambert JR, Wahlqvist ML, Hsu-Hage BH
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 1995 9 1;10(5):562-9.
    PMID: 8963032
    The Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in a representative population of 328 Melbourne Chinese immigrants (162 men and 166 women) aged 25 years and older were studied. The population consisted of Chinese people born in China/Hong Kong (n = 110, 33.5%), Vietnam (n = 79, 24.1%), Malaysia/Singapore (n = 102, 31.1%), and elsewhere (n = 37, 11.3%). The overall seroprevalence of H. pylori was 59.5%; 60.5% in men and 58.4% in women. Gender specific analysis showed associations between higher seroprevalence and several socio-demographic factors; in men, age (P < 0.0001), lower education level (P < 0.002), cigarette smoking (P < 0.042), the use of antibiotics (P < 0.015) and chopsticks (P < 0.047), and in women, lower socioeconomical status [education level (P < 0.030), gross household income (P < 0.0001) and occupational status (P < 0.0001)] and use of chopsticks (P < 0.002). Seroprevalence differed between immigrants of various birthplaces (P < 0.001); those born in Malaysia/Singapore (43.1%) were lower than those born in China/Hong Kong (68.2%), Vietnam (68.4%), and elsewhere (59.5%). Immigrants of various birthplaces also differed in their pattern of socio-demographics. Multivariate analyses showed that risk factors for H. pylori infection within the Melbourne Chinese immigrants were, in men, age (B = 1.081) and birthplace (B = 1.769) and, in women, household income (B = 0.541) and use of chopsticks (B = 1.654). This study suggests person-to-person transmission of H. pylori via the oral-oral route with ethno-specific food practices an important risk factor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
  2. HLA and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Malays
    Chan SH, Chew CT, Prasad U, Wee GB, Srinivasan N, Kunaratnam N
    Br. J. Cancer, 1985 Mar;51(3):389-92.
    PMID: 3855643
    HLA associations were observed in unrelated Malay patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). HLA-B18 was observed in 18/45 (40%) Malay NPC patients compared to 22/167 (13%) Malay normals (P = 0.0001; Pc = 0.0027, RR = 4.4). The frequency of HLA-B17, one of the antigens associated with Chinese NPC, was also increased among Malay NPC (13/45 29%) compared to controls (18/167 11%; P = 0.003, Pc = 0.07 RR = 3.4). Similar to the findings among Chinese NPC, the frequency of B17 was higher in early onset (less than or equal to 30 years) Malay NPC resulting in a higher relative risk (RR = 5.0).
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
  3. Experience of dental caries among aboriginal children in Selangor, Malaysia
    Kadir RA, Yassin AT
    J Nihon Univ Sch Dent, 1990 Dec;32(4):275-80.
    PMID: 2074496
    A cross-sectional survey involving 303 6-15-year-old aboriginal children was carried out in Selangor, West Malaysia. Dental caries status was assessed on the basis of the methods of the World Health Organization Oral Health Survey. The findings indicated a generally low prevalence of dental caries with a mean df of 4.94 for children below the age of 10 years. Mean DMFT and DMFS values of 1.71 and 3.22, respectively, were also observed for the 6-15-year-old children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
  4. Argon laser trabeculoplasty in Asian eyes
    Singh M, Kaur B
    Int Ophthalmol, 1987 Jun;10(3):161-5.
    PMID: 3596909
    Twenty two Asian eyes suffering from open angle glaucoma were treated by argon laser trabeculoplasty and were followed for an average of eleven months. 77.27% of eyes were controlled with ALT alone. The pressure lowering effect of argon laser trabeculoplasty in this series was found to be consistent. Argon laser trabeculoplasty may become the preferred method of treating open angle glaucoma in the Asian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
  5. Ethnic disparity in the prevalence of partial villous atrophy and post-infective tropical malabsorption
    Rajendra S, Baharain SR, Karim N, Ho JJ, Kutty K
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2004 Apr;19(4):472-4.
    PMID: 15012793
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
  6. Height and weight of bangkok children. 3. Height and weight of Bankok children in comparison to the other nations
    Chavalittamrong B, Vathakanon R
    J Med Assoc Thai, 1978 Feb;61 Suppl 2:42-9.
    PMID: 632715
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
  7. Comparative study of the prevalence of adult obesity in the three racial groups of Kuala Lumpur
    Jones JJ
    Med J Malaysia, 1976 Jun;30(4):256-60.
    PMID: 979725
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
  8. The "intelligence" of Malaysian medical students
    Wagner NN
    Br J Med Educ, 1968 Mar;2(1):24-7.
    PMID: 5645767
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
  9. Fulltext The predictive accuracy of PREDICT: a personalized decision-making tool for Southeast Asian women with breast cancer
    Wong HS, Subramaniam S, Alias Z, Taib NA, Ho GF, Ng CH, et al.
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2015 Feb;94(8):e593.
    PMID: 25715267 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000593
    Web-based prognostication tools may provide a simple and economically feasible option to aid prognostication and selection of chemotherapy in early breast cancers. We validated PREDICT, a free online breast cancer prognostication and treatment benefit tool, in a resource-limited setting. All 1480 patients who underwent complete surgical treatment for stages I to III breast cancer from 1998 to 2006 were identified from the prospective breast cancer registry of University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Calibration was evaluated by comparing the model-predicted overall survival (OS) with patients' actual OS. Model discrimination was tested using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Median age at diagnosis was 50 years. The median tumor size at presentation was 3 cm and 54% of patients had lymph node-negative disease. About 55% of women had estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Overall, the model-predicted 5 and 10-year OS was 86.3% and 77.5%, respectively, whereas the observed 5 and 10-year OS was 87.6% (difference: -1.3%) and 74.2% (difference: 3.3%), respectively; P values for goodness-of-fit test were 0.18 and 0.12, respectively. The program was accurate in most subgroups of patients, but significantly overestimated survival in patients aged <40 years, and in those receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PREDICT performed well in terms of discrimination; areas under ROC curve were 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74-0.81) and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.68-0.78) for 5 and 10-year OS, respectively. Based on its accurate performance in this study, PREDICT may be clinically useful in prognosticating women with breast cancer and personalizing breast cancer treatment in resource-limited settings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data
  10. Fulltext Meaning in life as a protective factor against suicidal tendencies in Chinese University students
    Lew B, Chistopolskaya K, Osman A, Huen JMY, Abu Talib M, Leung ANM
    BMC Psychiatry, 2020 02 18;20(1):73.
    PMID: 32070298 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02485-4
    BACKGROUND: A substantial increase in rates of suicide worldwide, especially among late adolescents and young adults, has been observed. It is important to identify specific risk and protective factors for suicide-related behaviors among late adolescents and young adults. Identifying specific factors across the masses, not only in the Western, but also in the Asian context, helps researchers develop empirically informed intervention methods for the management of protective and risk factors of suicide.

    METHODS: In the current study, 2074 students (706 males), filled out the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, with subscales of Search for Meaning (MLQ-S) and Presence of Meaning (MLQ-P); the Future Disposition Inventory-24 (FDI-24), with subscales of Positive Focus (PF), Suicide Orientation (SO), and Negative Focus (NF); and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS). These scales measure protective and risk factors that are linked to suicidal behaviors; while suicidal behaviors were measured by the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). Mediation analyses were performed to test the models with both the MLQ-S and MLQ-P as the mediators between a) hopelessness, as measured by BHS and suicidal behaviors; and b) PF, SO, and NF, as measured by FDI-24, and suicidal behaviors.

    RESULTS: We found that only MLQ-P mediated the relation between hopelessness and suicidal behaviors; while both MLQ-P and MLQ-S mediated PF, SO, and NF (as measured by FDI-24), and suicidal behaviors, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: Meaning in life, including both the presence of meaning in life and search for meaning, can be good protective factors against suicidal behaviors.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/psychology
  11. Fulltext Radiopathological characteristics and outcomes of phyllodes tumor of the breast in Malaysian women
    Abdul Hamid S, Rahmat K, Ramli MT, Fadzli F, Jamaris S, See MH, et al.
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2018 Aug;97(31):e11412.
    PMID: 30075507 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011412
    Phyllodes tumor or cystosarcoma phyllodes is a rare fibroepithelial neoplasm which arises from the periductal stroma of the breast. They are classified as benign, borderline, and malignant based on the histologic features. However, all phyllodes tumor (PT) subtypes are regarded as having malignant potential and correct diagnosis is important for surgical management and optimal care. This study is a retrospective review of 76 women diagnosed as PT with highlights on the imaging characteristics, pathology, and surgical treatment over a 7-year period in a tertiary medical center of urban population in Malaysia. There were 45 benign, 16 borderline, and 15 malignant PT. The median age for benign PT was 43, borderline 48.5, and malignant 42 years. The Malay ethnic group constitute 52.6% of cases, with 27.6% and 18.4% in Chinese and Indian ethnic groups, respectively. On mammograms, most benign (64.3%) and 33.3% of malignant PT showed high-density lesions. Calcifications were only seen in 2 benign PT. On ultrasound, 86% of benign PT was well-circumscribed whilst 50.0% of malignant PT had irregular outline. Cystic spaces were seen in 40.0% of malignant and 9.5% of benign PT. 80% of malignant PT lesions were heterogenous. Malignant PT demonstrates tumor heterogeneity, cystic spaces, and posterior acoustic enhancement on ultrasound. Half of malignant PT showed regular borders on ultrasound and appear well circumscribed on mammogram. A total of 46 patients had wide local excision or excision biopsy whilst 30 underwent mastectomy as primary treatment. The majority of the borderline and malignant PTs in our study (75.0% and 85.7% respectively) and only 5 out of the 43 (11.6%) benign PT underwent mastectomy. There were 2 tumor recurrence in the benign PT group and 1 case in the borderline and malignant group respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
  12. Differences in mammographic density between Asian and Caucasian populations: a comparative analysis
    Rajaram N, Mariapun S, Eriksson M, Tapia J, Kwan PY, Ho WK, et al.
    Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2017 01;161(2):353-362.
    PMID: 27864652 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4054-y
    PURPOSE: Mammographic density is a measurable and modifiable biomarker that is strongly and independently associated with breast cancer risk. Paradoxically, although Asian women have lower risk of breast cancer, studies of minority Asian women in predominantly Caucasian populations have found that Asian women have higher percent density. In this cross-sectional study, we compared the distribution of mammographic density for a matched cohort of Asian women from Malaysia and Caucasian women from Sweden, and determined if variations in mammographic density could be attributed to population differences in breast cancer risk factors.

    METHODS: Volumetric mammographic density was compared for 1501 Malaysian and 4501 Swedish healthy women, matched on age and body mass index. We used multivariable log-linear regression to determine the risk factors associated with mammographic density and mediation analysis to identify factors that account for differences in mammographic density between the two cohorts.

    RESULTS: Compared to Caucasian women, percent density was 2.0% higher among Asian women (p Asian women (p Asian women (p = 0.009) compared to post-menopausal Caucasian women, and this difference was attributed to population differences in height, weight, and parity (p Asian and Caucasian women have similar population risk to breast cancer but different dense volume, development of more appropriate biomarkers of risk in pre-menopausal women is required.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
  13. Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy in a pair of Malaysian siblings with progressive cerebellar atrophy: Description of an expanded phenotype with novel PLA2G6 variants
    Li L, Fong CY, Tay CG, Tae SK, Suzuki H, Kosaki K, et al.
    J Clin Neurosci, 2020 Jan;71:289-292.
    PMID: 31493991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.08.111
    Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy 1 (INAD) (OMIM #256600) is a rare infantile onset neurodegenerative disease characterised by neuroregression and hypotonia, evolving into generalized spasticity, blindness and dementia. We report our diagnostic approach of a pair of siblings with psychomotor regression, hypotonia, optic atrophy and auditory neuropathy. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed progressive cerebellar atrophy. Genetic testing of the PLA2G6 confirmed presence of compound heterozygous novel mutations. As the variant c. 196C>T (p.Gln66X) was a truncating variant, it was considered as pathogenic while the variant c. 2249G>A (p. Cys750Tyr) was considered as "likely pathogenic" by bioinformatics analyses. Our patient expands the clinical phenotype of INAD as it described the first South-East Asian patient with INAD-associated auditory neuropathy. Our report highlights the importance of increased awareness of this condition amongst clinicians, the use of deep phenotyping using neuroimaging and the clinical utility of gene sequencing test in the delineation of syndromes associated with infantile neurodegenerative disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  14. Spondyloarthropathies in eastern Asia
    Feltkamp TE, Mardjuadi A, Huang F, Chou CT
    Curr Opin Rheumatol, 2001 Jul;13(4):285-90.
    PMID: 11555729
    The association between HLA-B27 and the spondyloarthropathies (SpAs) is so strong that it is supposed that the HLA-B27 molecule plays a pathogenetic role. In whites and Indonesians, the frequency of HLA-B27 is about 10%; in Chinese it is about 8%; and in Japanese it is only about 1%. The prevalence of SpA in the Chinese is at least 0.2%, but in native Indonesians, Philippinos, and Malaysians, SpA is rarely seen. Twenty-three subtypes (B*2701-B*2723) have been distinguished. These subtypes are not equally distributed over the world. In most countries the distribution of the subtypes among HLA-B27 SpA patients is the same as that among the normal HLA-B27-positive population. In China, the subtype B*2704 is frequent and the prevalence of SpA is high. Native Indonesians, however, mostly have subtype B*2706, and SpA is rarely seen in this population. It was shown that B*2706, probably like B*2709 in Sardinia, is not associated with SpA. The difference between the SpA-associated and non-SpA-associated subtypes is limited to only two amino acid residues (114 and 116) at the bottom of the peptide-binding groove of HLA-B27. This small difference between health and disease rewards studies for different peptide-binding capacities and may help us characterize the peptides that are involved in the pathogenesis of SpA. The differences in disease associations in these countries also have clinical implications. In Southeast Asia, HLA-B27 typing without subtyping has less clinical usefulness than in parts of the world where B*2706 is rarely seen. When native Indonesians, Malaysians, or Philippinos are suspected of having ankylosing spondylitis or a related SpA, it is worth asking if they had white or Chinese ancestors. If native HLA-B27-positive Indonesians (with subtypes other than B*2706) develop SpA, the clinical features are not different from those in other parts of the world. In the Chinese population on the mainland and in Taiwan, juvenile SpA is frequently seen. The onset is often a peripheral arthritis or enthesitis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  15. The cultural, family and community factors for resilience in southeast asian indigenous communities: A systematic review
    Chua RY, Kadirvelu A, Yasin S, Choudhry FR, Park MS
    J Community Psychol, 2019 09;47(7):1750-1771.
    PMID: 31374592 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22224
    Although faced with historical and ongoing hardships, many indigenous communities in Southeast Asia have managed to survive and thrive. The identification of factors that assist these communities in coping with the challenges experienced would help enhance their overall psychological well-being and resilience. The current review outlines types of protective factors for the indigenous communities in Southeast Asia focusing on the cultural, family and community elements linked to their psychological well-being. Four themes of protective factors were identified strong connection to the land and the environment, embracing cultural norms and traditions, passing down and keeping indigenous knowledge across generations, and emphasis on community and social cohesion. Findings suggest that the value of interconnectedness serves as an overarching theme that forms the worldview of the indigenous communities in Southeast Asia. Interconnectedness was important to the indigenous peoples as they considered themselves to be extensions of their family, community, ancestors, future descendants, the land and to all living things and creations that reside on their lands. Future intervention attempts to promote resilience among these communities should take these factors into account, and pay closer attention to community-level factors that seem to have a profound impact on the indigenous construction of resilience.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/psychology*
  16. Salivary peroxidase, Pm, and Ph protein polymorphisms in Malasians.
    Noraini I, Tan SG, Gan YY, Teng YS
    Hum Genet, 1980;56(2):205-7.
    PMID: 7450777
    Three human saliva genetic markers, namely, salivary peroxidase (SAPX), Pm, and Ph proteins, were investigated in the three major ethnic groups of Malaysia: Malays, Chinese, and Indians. For Pm, the allelic frequencies of Pm+ for Malays, Chinese, and Indians are 0.385 +/- 0.030, 0.282 +/- 0.026, and 0.289 +/- 0.026 respectively. For Ph, the allelic frequencies of Ph+ are 0.082 +/- 0.016 for Malays, 0.109 +/- 0.017 for Chinese, and 0.062 +/- 0.013 for Indians. For SAPX, the allelic frequencies of SAPX1 in Malays, Chinese, and Indians are 0.762 +/- 0.027, 0.755 +/- 0.027, and 0.723 +/- 0.026 respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
  17. Fulltext Genome-wide association studies identify susceptibility loci for epithelial ovarian cancer in east Asian women
    Lawrenson K, Song F, Hazelett DJ, Kar SP, Tyrer J, Phelan CM, et al.
    Gynecol Oncol, 2019 05;153(2):343-355.
    PMID: 30898391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.02.023
    OBJECTIVE: Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have focused largely on populations of European ancestry. We aimed to identify common germline variants associated with EOC risk in Asian women.

    METHODS: Genotyping was performed as part of the OncoArray project. Samples with >60% Asian ancestry were included in the analysis. Genotyping was performed on 533,631 SNPs in 3238 Asian subjects diagnosed with invasive or borderline EOC and 4083 unaffected controls. After imputation, genotypes were available for 11,595,112 SNPs to identify associations.

    RESULTS: At chromosome 6p25.2, SNP rs7748275 was associated with risk of serous EOC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, P = 8.7 × 10-9) and high-grade serous EOC (HGSOC) (OR = 1.34, P = 4.3 × 10-9). SNP rs6902488 at 6p25.2 (r2 = 0.97 with rs7748275) lies in an active enhancer and is predicted to impact binding of STAT3, P300 and ELF1. We identified additional risk loci with low Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP) scores, indicating they are likely to be true risk associations (BFDP <10%). At chromosome 20q11.22, rs74272064 was associated with HGSOC risk (OR = 1.27, P = 9.0 × 10-8). Overall EOC risk was associated with rs10260419 at chromosome 7p21.3 (OR = 1.33, P = 1.2 × 10-7) and rs74917072 at chromosome 2q37.3 (OR = 1.25, P = 4.7 × 10-7). At 2q37.3, expression quantitative trait locus analysis in 404 HGSOC tissues identified ESPNL as a putative candidate susceptibility gene (P = 1.2 × 10-7).

    CONCLUSION: While some risk loci were shared between East Asian and European populations, others were population-specific, indicating that the landscape of EOC risk in Asian women has both shared and unique features compared to women of European ancestry.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  18. Fulltext Human Platelet Antigen Datasets for Malays, Chinese, and Indians in Peninsular Malaysia
    Hajar CGN, Zefarina Z, Md Riffin NS, Mohammad THT, Hassan MN, Dafalla AM, et al.
    Ann Lab Med, 2020 11;40(6):493-499.
    PMID: 32539307 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2020.40.6.493
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*
  19. Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnancies in systemic lupus erythematosus: A nationwide population-based study
    Chen YJ, Chang JC, Lai EL, Liao TL, Chen HH, Hung WT, et al.
    Semin Arthritis Rheum, 2020 06;50(3):451-457.
    PMID: 32115237 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.01.014
    OBJECTIVES: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that develops mainly in women of reproductive age. We aimed to explore the risk of pregnancy complications in Asian patients with SLE.

    METHODS: From January 2005 to December 2014, we conducted a nationwide case-control study, using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Obstetric complications and perinatal outcomes in SLE patients were compared with those without SLE.

    RESULTS: 2059 SLE offspring and 8236 age-matched, maternal healthy controls were enrolled. We found increased obstetric and perinatal complications in SLE population compared with healthy controls. SLE patients exhibited increased risk of preeclampsia/eclampsia (8.98% vs.1.98%, odds ratio [OR]: 3.87, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 3.08-4.87, p<0.0001). Their offspring tended to have lower Apgar scores (<7) at both 1 min (10.7% vs. 2.58%, p<0.0001) and 5 min (4.25% vs. 1.17%, p<0.0001), as well as higher rates of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR, 9.91% vs. 4.12%, OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.85-2.71, p<0.0001), preterm birth (23.70% vs 7.56%, OR: 3.00, 95% CI: 2.61-3.45, p<0.0001), and stillbirth (4.23% vs. 0.87%, OR: 3.59, 95% CI: 2.54-5.06, p<0.0001). The risks of preterm birth and stillbirth were markedly increased in SLE patients with concomitant preeclampsia/eclampsia or IUGR. Preterm birth of SLE patients was 1~4 gestational weeks earlier than that of healthy controls and the peak occurrence of stillbirth in SLE population was at 20~30 gestational weeks.

    CONCLUSIONS: Asian SLE patients exhibited increased risks of maternal complications and adverse birth outcomes. Frequent antenatal visits before 20 gestational weeks are recommended in high-risk SLE patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data
  20. Genetic and interracial aspects of hypertensive toxemia of pregnancy. A prospective study
    Gordon H, Huskisson ID, Torrington M, Pannell A, Zackon D
    Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1970 May 15;107(2):254-62.
    PMID: 5462441
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
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