MyMedR

Fulltext Unravelling the genetic history of Negritos and indigenous populations of Southeast Asia

Aghakhanian F, Yunus Y, Naidu R, Jinam T, Manica A, Hoh BP, et al.

Genome Biol Evol, 2015 May;7(5):1206-15.

Indigenous populations of Malaysia known as Orang Asli (OA) show huge morphological, anthropological, and linguistic diversity. However, the genetic history of these populations remained obscure. We performed a high-density array genotyping using over 2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms in three major groups of Negrito, Senoi, and Proto-Malay. Structural analyses indicated that although all OA groups are genetically closest to East Asian (EA) populations, they are substantially distinct. We identified a genetic affinity between Andamanese and Malaysian Negritos which may suggest an ancient link between these two groups. We also showed that Senoi and Proto-Malay may be admixtures between Negrito and EA populations. Formal admixture tests provided evidence of gene flow between Austro-Asiatic-speaking OAs and populations from Southeast Asia (SEA) and South China which suggest a widespread presence of these people in SEA before Austronesian expansion. Elevated linkage disequilibrium (LD) and enriched homozygosity found in OAs reflect isolation and bottlenecks experienced. Estimates based on Ne and LD indicated that these populations diverged from East Asians during the late Pleistocene (14.5 to 8 KYA). The continuum in divergence time from Negritos to Senoi and Proto-Malay in combination with ancestral markers provides evidences of multiple waves of migration into SEA starting with the first Out-of-Africa dispersals followed by Early Train and subsequent Austronesian expansions.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*

Evolutionary origin of Ceratonova shasta and phylogeny of the marine myxosporean lineage

Fiala I, Hlavničková M, Kodádková A, Freeman MA, Bartošová-Sojková P, Atkinson SD

Mol Phylogenet Evol, 2015 May;86:75-89.

PMID: 25797924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.004

In order to clarify the phylogenetic relationships among the main marine myxosporean clades including newly established Ceratonova clade and scrutinizing their evolutionary origins, we performed large-scale phylogenetic analysis of all myxosporean species from the marine myxosporean lineage based on three gene analyses and statistical topology tests. Furthermore, we obtained new molecular data for Ceratonova shasta, C. gasterostea, eight Ceratomyxa species and one Myxodavisia species. We described five new species: Ceratomyxa ayami n. sp., C. leatherjacketi n. sp., C. synaphobranchi n. sp., C. verudaensis n. sp. and Myxodavisia bulani n. sp.; two of these formed a new, basal Ceratomyxa subclade. We identified that the Ceratomyxa clade is basal to all other marine myxosporean lineages, and Kudoa with Enteromyxum are the most recently branching clades. Topologies were least stable at the nodes connecting the marine urinary clade, the marine gall bladder clade and the Ceratonova clade. Bayesian inference analysis of SSU rDNA and the statistical tree topology tests suggested that Ceratonova is closely related to the Enteromyxum and Kudoa clades, which represent a large group of histozoic species. A close relationship between Ceratomyxa and Ceratonova was not supported, despite their similar myxospore morphologies. Overall, the site of sporulation in the vertebrate host is a more accurate predictor of phylogenetic relationships than the morphology of the myxospore.

Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Ribosomal/genetics

Prenatal exclusion of severe factor VII deficiency

Ariffin H, Millar DS, Cooper DN, Chow T, Lin HP

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 2003 May;25(5):418-20.

PMID: 12759632

A nonconsanguineous asymptomatic couple, were identified as carriers of factor VII (FVII) deficiency when two of their newborn children died of massive intracranial hemorrhage secondary to severe congenital FVII deficiency. Complete sequence analysis of the factor VII (F7) gene in this couple indicated that the mother was heterozygous for an A to G transition at position -2 of the exon 5 acceptor splice site, and the father was heterozygous for a G to T transversion at position +1 of the exon 6 donor splice site. This information allowed us to exclude a compound heterozygous deficiency state in a subsequent pregnancy using PCR/direct sequencing of the F7 gene using DNA obtained from chorionic villi at 10 weeks' gestation. Our experience with the family reported here further supports the conclusion that mutation-specific detection is reliable in the prenatal exclusion of severe bleeding disorders.

Matched MeSH terms: Factor VII Deficiency/genetics

Allele frequency distribution for 10 STR loci in the Malay population of Malaysia

Panneerchelvam S, Haslindawaty N, Ravichandran M, Norazmi MN, Zainuddin ZF

J Forensic Sci, 2003 Mar;48(2):451-2.

PMID: 12665016

Matched MeSH terms: Genetics, Population*

Characterization of a novel HLA-A2 variant, A*02012, in the Southern Thai-Muslim population

Scheltinga SA, van der Zwan AW, Mongkolsuk T, Sujirachato K, Chiewsilp P, Tilanus MG

Tissue Antigens, 1999 May;53(5):507-9.

PMID: 10372546

Southern Thai Muslims (STM)--from Nakon Si Thammarat, whose ancestors come mainly from Malaysia--constitute more than half of all Thai Muslims which, in total, represent approximately 10% of the country's population. The most common A2 subtypes in STM were A*0203 (n=15), A*0201 (n=8) and A*0207 (n=7). In this study, samples with unexpected amplification patterns were sequenced. Three individuals were indicative of a novel A2 allele, now known as A*02012.

Matched MeSH terms: HLA-A2 Antigen/genetics*

Chimeric Newcastle disease virus nucleocapsid with parts of viral hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion proteins

Rabu A, Tan WS, Kho CL, Omar AR, Yusoff K

Acta Virol., 2002;46(4):211-7.

PMID: 12693857

The nucleocapsid (NP) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) self-assembled in Escherichia coli as ring-like and herringbone-like particles. Several chimeric NP proteins were constructed in which the antigenic regions of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) proteins of NDV, myc epitope, and six histidines (a hexa-His tag) were linked to the C-terminus of the NP monomer. These chimeric proteins were expressed efficiently in soluble form in E. coli as detected by Western blot analysis. Electron microscopy of the purified products revealed that they self-assembled into ring-like particles. These chimeric particles exhibited antigenicity of the myc epitope, suggesting that the foreign sequences were exposed on the surface of the particles. Chickens inoculated with the chimeric particles mounted an immune response against NDV, suggesting the possibility of use of the ring-like particle as a carrier of immunogens in subunit vaccines and immunological reagents.

Matched MeSH terms: Escherichia coli/genetics; Newcastle disease virus/genetics; Nucleoproteins/genetics; Viral Fusion Proteins/genetics; Viral Proteins/genetics; Viral Vaccines/genetics; HN Protein/genetics

Complete nucleotide sequences of Nipah virus isolates from Malaysia

Chan YP, Chua KB, Koh CL, Lim ME, Lam SK

J Gen Virol, 2001 Sep;82(Pt 9):2151-5.

PMID: 11514724

We have completely sequenced the genomes of two Nipah virus (NiV) isolates, one from the throat secretion and the other from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the sole surviving encephalitic patient with positive CSF virus isolation in Malaysia. The two genomes have 18246 nucleotides each and differ by only 4 nucleotides. The NiV genome is 12 nucleotides longer than the Hendra virus (HeV) genome and both genomes have identical leader and trailer sequence lengths and hexamer-phasing positions for all their genes. Both NiV and HeV are also very closely related with respect to their genomic end sequences, gene start and stop signals, P gene-editing signals and deduced amino acid sequences of nucleocapsid protein, phosphoprotein, matrix protein, fusion protein, glycoprotein and RNA polymerase. The existing evidence demonstrates a clear need for the creation of a new genus within the subfamily Paramyxovirinae to accommodate the close similarities between NiV and HeV and their significant differences from other members of the subfamily.

Matched MeSH terms: Paramyxovirinae/genetics

Fulltext Beta-thalassemia major in Malaysia, an ongoing public health problem

George E

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Dec;56(4):397-400.

PMID: 12014756

Matched MeSH terms: beta-Thalassemia/genetics*

Sexual selection on land snail shell ornamentation: a hypothesis that may explain shell diversity

Schilthuizen M

BMC Evol. Biol., 2003 Jun 05;3:13.

PMID: 12791170

BACKGROUND: Many groups of land snails show great interspecific diversity in shell ornamentation, which may include spines on the shell and flanges on the aperture. Such structures have been explained as camouflage or defence, but the possibility that they might be under sexual selection has not previously been explored.

PRESENTATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS: The hypothesis that is presented consists of two parts. First, that shell ornamentation is the result of sexual selection. Second, that such sexual selection has caused the divergence in shell shape in different species.

TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS: The first part of the hypothesis may be tested by searching for sexual dimorphism in shell ornamentation in gonochoristic snails, by searching for increased variance in shell ornamentation relative to other shell traits, and by mate choice experiments using individuals with experimentally enhanced ornamentation. The second part of the hypothesis may be tested by comparing sister groups and correlating shell diversity with degree of polygamy.

IMPLICATIONS OF THE HYPOTHESIS: If the hypothesis were true, it would provide an explanation for the many cases of allopatric evolutionary radiation in snails, where shell diversity cannot be related to any niche differentiation or environmental differences.

Matched MeSH terms: Snails/genetics*

Fulltext Dermatoglyphic analysis in Malay subjects with bipolar mood disorder

Chakraborty D, Mazumdar P, Than M, Singh R

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Jun;56(2):223-6.

PMID: 11771083

Dermatoglyphic is the study of the epidermal ridges and the pattern formed by them. It may be pointed out that genetic factors have a large share in determining the variations in dermatoglyphics. It is however, suggested by evidence that bipolar mood disorder factors are determined more by genetic factors than by the environmental factors. The experiment has been undertaken to look for the effects of the bipolar mood disorder on dermatoglyphics. The dermatoglyphic characteristics of subjects with bipolar mood disorder when compared with control group revealed significant differences. The radial loop were increased in bipolar mood disorder, but there were little changes in 'atd' angles between normal and bipolar mood disorder.

Matched MeSH terms: Bipolar Disorder/genetics*

The Cry toxins and the putative hemolysins of Clostridium bifermentans ser. malaysia are not involved in mosquitocidal activity

Juárez-Pérez V, Delécluse A

J Invertebr Pathol, 2001 Jul;78(1):57-8.

PMID: 11500095

Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Toxins/genetics

Note: characterization of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal isolated from water in Malaysia

Son R, Rusul G, Samuel L, Yuherman, Senthil S, Rasip A, et al.

J Appl Microbiol, 1998 Dec;85(6):1073-7.

PMID: 9871327

Four Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal strains isolated from surface water were characterized by antibiotic resistance, plasmid profile, presence of cholera toxin gene and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. All four strains exhibit multiple resistance towards the antibiotics tested with a multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.5-0.66, and harboured a 2.0 MDa non-conjugative plasmid. The Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal were positive for the cholera toxin gene. Antibiotyping and random amplification of polymorphic DNA analysis with four primers proved to be useful in discriminating the isolates. RAPD proved to be more sensitive. These results reveal that there is significant genetic diversity among the Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal strains studied.

Matched MeSH terms: Vibrio cholerae/genetics*

Dermatoglyphics of Down's syndrome patients in Malays--a comparative study

Than M, Myat KA, Khadijah S, Jamaludin N, Isa MN

Anthropol Anz, 1998 Dec;56(4):351-65.

PMID: 10027045

There has been no recent report on the dermatoglyphics of the Malays (normal population as well as patients with Down's syndrome). A study on the frequencies of the dermal patterns (dermatoglyphics) of the digits, palms and hallucal areas was done therefore in 40 Malay patients with Down's syndrome and 200 unrelated normal controls. Only the patients with the standard 21 trisomy karyotype were included in the study. Comparison was made with the published data on studies done in various racial groups. Significant differences of the dermal patterns were found not only between the controls but also among patients of different races.

Matched MeSH terms: Down Syndrome/genetics*

Fulltext Osteogenesis Imperfecta and non-accidental injury: problems in diagnosis and management

Kasim MS, Cheah I, Sameon H

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Jun;50(2):170-5.

PMID: 7565189

It has been noted in the literature that Osteogenesis Imperfecta is frequently mistaken for non-accidental injury. This article serves to illustrate the difficulty in differentiating between the two conditions and that they can occur concomitantly in one patient.

Matched MeSH terms: Osteogenesis Imperfecta/genetics

Fulltext Future impact of molecular biology and biotechnology on bacterial and viral diseases

Pang T

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Jun;48(2):101-6.

PMID: 8350782

The advent of recombinant DNA technology has already made a significant impact on various aspects related to the basic understanding of pathogenic mechanisms in infectious diseases, as well as practical applications related to diagnostics and prevention. The present paper discusses recent technological innovations and increased analytical capabilities which promise to have an even more significant impact on the control of viral and bacterial diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Recombinant/genetics

Fulltext Psychiatric presentation of Huntington's disease in a Malaysian family

Chin CN, S'ng KH, Philip G, Rosdinom R, Wahidah A

Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):153-6.

PMID: 10968000

A 32-year-old Chinese lady presented to the Psychiatric Clinic with a history of change in personality for 2 years and abnormal movements for a year. After thorough investigations and observation a diagnosis of Huntington's Disease was made. Her elder brother was traced and found to have Huntington's Disease as well. He had a long standing history of antisocial behaviour and substance abuse long before the onset of the choreiform movements. Her younger brother also has choreiform movements for the last 2 years and had recent change in personality. Their mother also had abnormal movements and was recorded to be depressed and attempted suicide. The maternal grandfather had a mental illness and was warded at a mental institution till his death in 1942. Psychiatric presentation of Huntington's Disease in this Malaysian family is prominent and preceded the characteristic movements in the present generation.

Matched MeSH terms: Huntington Disease/genetics*

Variation in the genome of rice tungro bacilliform virus: molecular characterization of six isolates

Fan Z, Dahal G, Dasgupta I, Hay J, Hull R

J Gen Virol, 1996 May;77 ( Pt 5):847-54.

PMID: 8609480

The DNA genomes of isolates of rice tungro bacilliform virus from Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand were cloned and compared with that of the type isolate from the Philippines. Restriction endonuclease maps revealed differences between the isolates and cross-hybridization showed that they fell into two groups, those from the Indian subcontinent and those from south-east Asian countries. The genomes of isolates from the Indian subcontinent contained a deletion of 64 bp when compared with those from south-east Asia. The implications of this variation are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Viruses/genetics*

Glucose phosphate isomerase heterophenotypes in the human filarial parasite Brugia malayi from peninsular Malaysia

Yong HS, Mak JW

Experientia, 1984 Aug 15;40(8):833-4.

PMID: 6468590

Glucose phosphate isomerase of subperiodic Brugia malayi was studied by horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis. Two heterophenotypes, each represented by 3 bands of enzyme activity, were found among 38 parasites studied. This finding is attributed to the occurrence of 2 Gpi gene loci.

Matched MeSH terms: Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase/genetics*

[Descriptive epidemiology of urolithiasis]

Kodama H, Ohno Y

Hinyokika Kiyo, 1989 Jun;35(6):923-34.

PMID: 2678977

In this paper, urolithiasis is remarked from the standpoint of descriptive epidemiology, which examines the frequency distribution of a given disease in a population in terms of time, place and personal characteristics with an aim of identifying risk factors or some clues to the etiology. Some descriptive epidemiological features of urolithiasis are summarized. Prevalence rate is around 4% (4-15% in males and 4-8% in females), and incidence rate varies from area to area: 53.2 per 100,000 population in 1975 in Japan, 364 in 1976 in Malaysia, and 540 in 1979 in West Germany. Prevalence and/or incidence rates have, in general, increased in the developed countries since World War II and in the developing countries as well, where upward trends are quite analogous to the trends observed in the nineteenth century in Europe. Recurrence rate, which is much higher in males than in females, ranges from 31% to 75%, depending on the follow-up periods. In the industrialized countries, upper urinary (renal and ureteral) stones account for more than 90% of total stones, which are ordinarily calcium complexes in composition. More common in the developing countries are lower urinary (bladder and urethral) stones, frequently composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate, which indicates a close association with urinary tract infections. Variations in frequency are evident by season and by region within a country. Age and sex differentials in urinary stone formers are substantial: more common in males 30-40 years old in the industrialized countries and in children under 10 years old in the developing countries. Racial differentials are also noted; blacks appear to suffer less frequently than whites. Stone formers experience more frequent episodes of stone formation in their family members, particularly father and brothers, than non-stone formers. These findings on racial differentials and family preponderance suggest the possible relevance of genetic factors in stone formation. Stone formers are more likely to be occupationally sedentary and socially affluent. This observation and differentials by age and sex suggest the probable relevance of lifestyle and environmental factors in stone formation. Epidemiological factors incriminated for stone formation will be discussed in a separate paper.

Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Calculi/genetics

Fulltext Marfan or marfanoid: a case study

Tai YS

Med J Malaysia, 1986 Sep;41(3):233-5.

PMID: 3670140

A patient with marfanoid habitus was admitted to the General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur in October 1985 for surgical closure of an atrial septal defect. He was suspected to have Marfan Syndrome but there was no involvement of the aorta nor the eye. The clinical features were intermediate between that of the Marfan Syndrome and the Ehler's Danlos Syndrome. It is suggested that this could be a separate distinct entity within the heritable disorders of connective tissue known as the Marfanoid Hypermobility Syndrome.

Matched MeSH terms: Connective Tissue Diseases/genetics

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