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Cyclic vomiting syndrome in South-East Asian children

Lee WS, Kaur P, Boey CC, Chan KC

J Paediatr Child Health, 1998 Dec;34(6):568-70.
PMID: 9928652

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features, management and outcome of children with cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) from South-East Asia.
METHODOLOGY: Retrospective review of all children who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of CVS and who were seen at Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur and Paediatric Unit, Penang Hospital, Penang, Malaysia from 1987 to 1997.
RESULTS: Eight children with CVS were seen at the two units during the study period, five girls and three boys. All had cyclical, self-limited episodes of nausea and vomiting with symptom-free intervals. The mean age of onset was 5.9 years. The clinical features were similar to other series described in the literature. Only two of the eight children were described as 'perfectionist'. Two children identified stress as precipitating factors. Therapy to reduce the number of emeses during acute attacks and to prevent subsequent attacks had been ineffective.
CONCLUSION: There are similarities and differences in CVS from South-East Asian children as compared to those described in the literature.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Glucose: a reevaluation of its intraoperative use in paediatric surgery

Lim SK, Loh SP

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Mar;52(1):64-9.
PMID: 10968055

Blood glucose concentration was measured in 100 children immediately before and during surgery. These children were randomly assigned to receive either lactated Ringer's (LR) solution or 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's (5%D/LR) intraoperatively as maintenance and replacement fluids. Blood samples were taken immediately after induction of anaesthesia and at 1/2, 1, 1.5, 2 and subsequent hours. Blood glucose concentration was assayed by a reflectance meter. None of the patients was noted to be hypoglycaemic pre- and intraoperatively. Intraoperative blood glucose concentration increased significantly (p < 0.05) from preoperative levels for both groups of children but the increase in those that received 5%D/LR was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than those who received LR. The number of children who were hyperglycaemic during surgery was also greater in those who received 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's as their intraoperative fluid. These data suggest that lactated Ringer's alone is a safe and appropriate fluid for intraoperative fluid therapy in children.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Supernumerary chromosomes in mosaic Turner syndrome

Thong MK, Manonmani V, Norlasiah IS

Med J Malaysia, 1996 Dec;51(4):487-90.
PMID: 10968041

The finding of a supernumerary or marker chromosome in a karyotype poses difficulty in genetic counselling. The true incidence and significance of this chromosomal aberration is unknown in Malaysia. We report two patients who presented with supernumerary chromosomes in mosaic Turner syndrome.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Childhood burns at the Paediatric Institute Kuala Lumpur

Ibrahim SB, Omar MB, Gan EC, Rauf A, Johari NB, Yusof HB

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Sep;50(3):221-5.
PMID: 8926898

A prospective study of 94 burned children was carried out from January 1993 to October 1994. Scalding was the predominant cause of injury affecting mainly toddlers between 1 and 3 years old. Ninety-six per cent of the injuries occurred at home. There was 1 death following an 81% flame burns. An intense campaign to make parents aware of the hazards is required as almost all the injuries were preventable.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Aetiology of stridor in Malaysian children

Elango S, Htun YN

Ann Trop Paediatr, 1994;14(4):329-32.
PMID: 7880097

Eighty-five children who presented with stridor were reviewed in order to determine the aetiology of stridor in these cases. Congenital causes accounted for 57.6% of cases. Laryngomalacia was the commonest congenital abnormality (77.5%). Other common causes of stridor were a foreign body in the airway (acquired) and laryngotracheobronchitis (33.3%) (infective). Tracheostomized children are a problem in developing countries, requiring prolonged hospitalization. We overcome this problem by teaching parents how to maintain the tracheostomy tube at home.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext [Anthropometric measurements in Malay children from upper class families in Kuala Lumpur]

Osman A, Suhardi A, Khalid BA

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Mar;48(1):76-82.
PMID: 8341176

This study was done to determine the anthropometric measurement patterns of Malay children from wealthy families in Malaysia and to make a comparison with NCHS reference population. A population of 900 children aged between 3-12 years old from Taman Tun Dr Ismail, Kuala Lumpur (TDI), were examined but only 871 of them were eligible for the study. Weight, height, mid-arm circumference and skin fold thickness were measured. The increment pattern of anthropometric measurements of TDI children was quite similar to NCHS except for having a lower median weight for age and height for age. There was prepubescent increase in skin folds thickness in both sexes, followed by a midpubescent decrease and a late pubescent increase. The study indicated that Malay children from a wealthy background have growth rates comparable to children in the West, hence NCHS percentile charts are suitable as a reference for comparing the nutritional status of Malay children in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Diagnosis and management of purulent pericarditis. Experience with pericardiectomy

Majid AA, Omar A

J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 1991 Sep;102(3):413-7.
PMID: 1881180

Twelve cases of purulent pericarditis seen over 6 years are described. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common causative organism (six patients), and a respiratory infection was the most common preceding illness. The chest radiograph and echocardiogram were useful pointers to the diagnosis, but the electrocardiogram was not reliable. Antibiotics, surgical drainage, and pericardiectomy were used in all 12 cases. There was one death (8.3%), which occurred in a patient who was seen late. A review of the literature dealing with the diagnosis and management of this condition is presented. The importance of early diagnosis before a significant degree of cardiac tamponade occurs is noted. Although there is general agreement that surgical drainage is mandatory, the approach, methods of drainage, and extent of pericardial resection have been the subject of some discussion, and at least seven techniques are available. We conclude that pericardiectomy has a definite place in the management of purulent pericarditis.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
J-shaped catheter for endobronchial aspiration of right upper lobe bronchus during rigid bronchoscopy in pediatric patients

Majid AA

Chest, 1991 Sep;100(3):862.
PMID: 1889289

A J-shaped suction catheter was tailored to facilitate aspiration of the right upper lobe bronchus during rigid bronchoscopy in pediatric patients. This suction catheter was used successfully in three patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Hypodontia in the permanent dentition: a study of its prevalence in Malaysian children

Nik-Hussein NN

Aust Orthod J, 1989 Oct;11(2):93-5.
PMID: 2639661

An investigation of the prevalence and distribution of hypodontia was carried out in Malaysian children between the ages of five to fifteen years. Hypodontia occurred in 2.8 per cent of these children. A greater number of females were found to have hypodontia, the ratio of affected females to males is 1.6:1. The teeth most frequently missing were the maxillary lateral incisors followed by the mandibular lateral incisors, then the mandibular second premolars. The aetiology of the condition is discussed. It is noteworthy that studies showing the lower second premolars to be most commonly missing have younger subjects. This suggests delayed development of these teeth in some individuals.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Foreign bodies in the larynx and tracheo-bronchial tree

Yip CH, Wong TJ, Somasundaram K

Med J Malaysia, 1988 Jun;43(2):150-4.
PMID: 3237130

From 1973 to 1982,40 children with respiratory distress was bronchoscoped for suspected foreign body in the trachea-bronchial tree. In 31 children, foreign bodies were found and were successfully removed. The condition appeared to be confined to the early toddler group. Six children had pulmonary complications post-operatively. There was no death. A plea is made for early diagnosis and referral to lessen the likelihood of residual pulmonary damage.
Study site: University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (current name: University Malaya Medical Centre)

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Breastfeeding and the prevention of malnutrition

Jelliffee EF

Med J Malaysia, 1986 Mar;41(1):88-92.
PMID: 3796357

The role of breastfeeding in preventing malnutrition is considered in relation to the Bostock classification of early human development, its relevance to different forms of malnutrition and to general ecological considerations, including economics and the management and prevention of diarrhoea.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Growth charts based on longitudinal study of Malaysian children from birth to six years

Chen ST

Med J Malaysia, 1985 Jun;40(2):80-9.
PMID: 3834290

Percentile growth charts of weight, length and head circumference, from birth to six years of age, for boys and girls, are presented. These can be used to monitor the growth of Malaysian children.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Alleged paraquat poisoning in Perak

Wong KT, Ng TS

Med J Malaysia, 1984 Mar;39(1):52-5.
PMID: 6334801

This communication describes a survey on 94 cases of alleged paraquat poisoning for a period of one-and a-half years in Perak state. The highest prevalence of such cases was noted in the district of Batang Padang. The incidences between males and females as well as between married and single persons were found to be equal, 81.9% were Indians and 73.4% were suicidal cases. More than 80% of the cases were in the 10-to-40-years age group.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext The use of mid-arm circumference for screening malnutrition in preschool children

Ng TKW

Med J Malaysia, 1984 Mar;39(1):28-34.
PMID: 6439983

Correlation analysis of mid-arm circumference (MAC), weight-for-age and weight-for-height obtained from 807 Malay preschool children aged 12-71 months show that MAC had a relatively low correlation with weight-for-age (r = 0.59, P <0.001) and weight-for-height (r = 0.63, P<0.001). MAC percentiles and sensitivity-specificity analysis indicate that when weight-for-age and weight-for-height were used separately to define 'true' malnutrition, MAC was not sensitive enough to detect Malaysian children with only mild to moderate protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). The value of MAC as a screening measure in malnutrition is only limited to identifying the more severe forms of PEM in young children and the present study indicates that a MAC of 13.0-13.7 cm may be used for identifying moderate to severe PEM and under 13.0 cm for severe PEM.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Shigella vulvovaginitis in a three-year-old child: a case report

Cheong YM, Jegathesan M, Lim YS

Med J Malaysia, 1984 Mar;39(1):92-4.
PMID: 6392838

This is a report of a case of vulvovaginitis due to Shigella flexneri in a three-year-old child. This is probably the first documented case of shigella vulvovaginitis In Malaysia. The patient was successfully treated with cotrimoxazole. Extraintestinal infections by Shigella are rare and are briefly reviewed in this article.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext The modern killer

Chen PCY

Med J Malaysia, 1983 Jun;38(2):90-3.
PMID: 6621452
Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext The prevalence of endemic goitre in the Tinjar area, Sarawak

Chen PCY, Lim PPE

Med J Malaysia, 1982 Sep;37(3):265-9.
PMID: 7177010

The prevalence of goitre was investigated in a sample from six longhouses and five primary schools located at varying degrees of remoteness along the Tinjar river, Sarawak. Together with this, a survey was made on the type of salt used by the households. The main ethnic groups in these communities were the Kenyah/Kayan and the Iban. The overall prevalence of palpable goitre detected from the age group 5-14 years were 71.7 percent and 77.0 percent for males and females respectively and 77.7 percent for females aged 15 years and above. The prevalence for both Iban and Kenyah/Kayan of either sex and for all age groups varied from 63.4 percent to 80.4 percent. The prevalence at each location did not differ significantly. On questioning 126 households, only 9 (7.1 percent) used iodized salt whilst 74 (58.7 percent) households used only uniodized coarse salt and 7 (5.6 percent) used only uniodized fine salt. The remaining 36 (28.6 percent) households used both fine and coarse uniodized salt. Undoubtedly at this point in time legislation on "table" salt iodization must be interpreted to mean not only the iodization of fine table salt, but in the case of the rural longhouse communities as are found in the Tinjar area, the iodization of coarse salt as well.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Perforated peptic ulcers in West Malaysia--a series of 73 cases treated by simple closure in a general hospital between 1972 and 1974

Said MY

Med J Malaysia, 1982 Sep;37(3):261-4.
PMID: 7177009

In a 3 year period 73 cases of perforated peptic ulcers were treated by simple closure. The overall mortality of 3.77 percent is acceptable when compared with other reports. There was a marked male preponderance (11 males: female 1). Biopsy results confirmed the operatiue findings that perforations were seven times more common in gastric peptic ulcers than duodenal ones. The disease affected young adults, the middle aged and elderly, the peak incidence occurring between the fifth and seventh decades oflife. Simple closure was an effective surgical procedure for our group of patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext Rehabilitation of malnourished preschool children with Nutri-Pak

Ng TKW, Supasri R, Florencio CA

Med J Malaysia, 1980 Dec;35(2):122-8.
PMID: 7266403

The results of the food consumption study suggested that the calorie and protein intakes of ID and 20 malnourished preschool children in the study area were much lower than the RDA and thus these children should benefit from a supplementary feeding project. However, after 42 days of supplementation with Nutri-Pak, the project's objective of increasing by 5%, the percent standard weight for age of at least 60% of the subjects was not achieved since only one child's weight reached this target. From the records of monitoring, it was noticed that the low consumption of Nutri -Pak. a partial replacement by the the food supplement of the children's diet in the home. uncooperative mothers, and illness or disease factors had contributed to the much lower weight gains than expected in most of the children.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Fulltext The spectrum of histologically diagnosed malignant neoplasms in Sabah, 1983-1988

Ganesan J, Pillai SS, Gudum HR

Med J Malaysia, 1991 Jun;46(2):116-22.
PMID: 1839414

Malignant neoplasms diagnosed histologically in the state of Sabah during the period November 1983 to October 1988 were analysed to determine the distribution of malignant neoplasms according to site, age, sex and major ethnic groups. The five commonest malignant neoplasms in males were carcinomas of the nasopharynx, stomach, skin, lung and liver. In females the five commonest malignant neoplasms were carcinomas of the cervix uteri, breast, ovary, thyroid and skin. There was variation in these frequencies among the major ethnic groups. The most striking of these was the high frequency of nasopharyngeal carcinoma among Kadazan and Chinese males but not in males of the other indigenous groups. A significant number of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma was found in the younger age groups and most of the patients in the younger age groups were Kadazans. A relatively high frequency of carcinoma of the stomach, skin and liver was seen among Kadazans and other indigenous groups while carcinoma of the lung was seen relatively frequently among Chinese males. Among females carcinomas of the breast and cervix uteri were the most frequent malignant neoplasms in all the main ethnic groups. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

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