Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 204 in total

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  1. Fulltext Report on the seventh meeting of national control laboratories for vaccines and biologicals of the WHO Western Pacific and South-East Asia member states
    Shim SB, Choi CW, Shin JH, Kim JW, Schepelmann S, Jung JH, et al.
    Biologicals, 2023 Nov;84:101712.
    PMID: 37797484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101712
    The Biregional Network of National Control Laboratories (NCLs) of the WHO Western Pacific and South-East Asia Regions has been meeting annually since 2018 to enhance NCLs' voluntary participation capacity. Its seventh meeting was hosted by the Korea National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NIFDS) of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), in conjunction with the Global Bio Conference, in Seoul on September 6, 2022. Over 60 participants from seven countries, (India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam) attended the meeting on-site and online. The theme of this meeting was 'Quality Control Issues and International Trends for Biologicals including Vaccines and Plasma-Derived Medicinal Products.' Three special speeches were presented on sharing the quality control system for biologicals, including NCLs' considerations in preparing the WHO Listed Authorities and sharing MFDS experiences. Furthermore, the participating NCLs shared country-specific issues related to national lot releases during the COVID-19 pandemic and acknowledged the meeting's crucial role in response preparedness for pandemic emergencies and enhancing regulatory capacity through coalitions and information exchange among NCLs. The NIFDS will cooperate closely with other Asian NCLs to enhance biological product quality control, aiming to establish regional standards and standardize test methods through collaboration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  2. Preparation of tamarind fruit seed activated carbon by microwave heating for the adsorptive treatment of landfill leachate: A laboratory column evaluation
    Foo KY, Lee LK, Hameed BH
    Bioresour Technol, 2013 Apr;133:599-605.
    PMID: 23501142 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.097
    The preparation of tamarind fruit seed granular activated carbon (TSAC) by microwave induced chemical activation for the adsorptive treatment of semi-aerobic landfill leachate has been attempted. The chemical and physical properties of TSAC were examined. A series of column tests were performed to determine the breakthrough characteristics, by varying the operational parameters, hydraulic loading rate (5-20 mL/min) and adsorbent bed height (15-21 cm). Ammonical nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand (COD), which provide a prerequisite insight into the prediction of leachate quality was quantified. Results illustrated an encouraging performance for the adsorptive removal of ammonical nitrogen and COD, with the highest bed capacity of 84.69 and 55.09 mg/g respectively, at the hydraulic loading rate of 5 mL/min and adsorbent bed height of 21 cm. The dynamic adsorption behavior was satisfactory described by the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models. The findings demonstrated the applicability of TSAC for the adsorptive treatment of landfill leachate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  3. Biosensing human blood clotting factor by dual probes: Evaluation by deep long short-term memory networks in time series forecasting
    Gopinath SCB, Ismail ZH, Shapiai MI, Sobran NMM
    Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2021 Apr 09.
    PMID: 33835514 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2164
    Artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) has become a potential tool for use in a wide range of fields, and its use is expanding in interdisciplinary sciences. On the other hand, in a clinical scenario, human blood-clotting disease (Royal disease) detection has been considered an urgent issue that has to be solved. This study uses AIoT with deep long short-term memory networks for biosensing application and analyzes the potent clinical target, human blood clotting factor IX, by its aptamer/antibody as the probe on the microscaled fingers and gaps of the interdigitated electrode. The earlier results by the current-volt measurements have shown the changes in the surface modification. The limit of detection (LOD) was noticed as 1 pM with the antibody as the probe, whereas the aptamer behaved better with the LOD at 100 fM. The time-series predictions from the AIoT application supported the obtained results with the laboratory analyses using both probes. This application clearly supports the results obtained from the interdigitated electrode sensor as aptamer to be the better option for analyzing the blood clotting defects. The current study supports a great implementation of AIoT in sensing application and can be followed for other clinical biomarkers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  4. Fulltext Intractable normal anion gap metabolic acidosis in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis
    Huan, Nai Chien, Wan Awatif Wan Mohd Zohdi
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;14(2):37-40.
    MyJurnal
    High anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA) is a hallmark of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). Occasionally, a Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (NAGMA) can be seen, especially during the treatment phase. In this case report, a 55-year-old lady with diabetes mellitus who presented with a 2-day history of fever, lethargy and multiple episodes of vomiting and diarrhoea. Initial laboratory investigations revealed: capillary blood glucose as 27 mmol/L, urine ketone as 3+, blood ketone as 3.5 mmol/L, serum bicarbonate as 14 mmol/L, and serum chloride as 95 mmol/L. She was treated with intravenous normal saline fluid resuscitation and constant rate insulin infusion which was fortunately accompanied by stabilization of blood glucose and normalization of blood ketone to 0.2 mmol/L. However, despite normalization of her anion gap (25 to 14), she remained unwell with acidotic breathing due to refractory hyperchloraemic NAGMA with bicarbonate at 11 mol/L and chloride of 112 mmol/L. It was then decided to administer 100 mL of 8.4% Sodium Bicarbonate solution. The next day, she was no longer tachypneic as her bicarbonate and carbon dioxide improved to 21 mmol/L and 32 mmHg respectively. The presence of NAGMA in DKA should prompt clinicians to conduct a thorough search for possible underlying causes, such as gastrointestinal fluid loss, sepsis and chloride load from aggressive fluid resuscitation with normal saline. Sodium bicarbonate should only be considered in intractable cases to correct a NAGMA and not routinely used in the treatment of DKA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  5. Fulltext Frontonasal dysplasia in Yangon, Myanmar
    Nang, Kham Oo Leik, Rhanye Mac Guad, Yuan, Seng Wu, Shwe, Yi Wai
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;14(3):51-55.
    MyJurnal
    Frontonasal dysplasia (FND) is an uncommon congenital anomaly affecting the eyes, nose and forehead. In this case report, a baby of a 22-year-old mother was diagnosed with a midline facial cleft, bifid nose and hypertelorism during an ultrasound scan at 29th week of gestation. Besides a history of miscarriage on first pregnancy, no other abnormalities findings were found in laboratory or radiological examination of the newborn. Counselling about abnormality and psychological support were given by both obstetrician and neonatologist during the antenatal period. The patient delivered vaginally at 36th week with spontaneous labour and no complication was observed. Further interventions including corrective treatment have been planned as they often interfere with important functions such as breathing and feeding. Thus, the paediatric surgical team decided to do the operation when the baby reaches one year old as then tissues have been developed to 90% of their eventual form to give optimal treatment results. Further life expectancy depends on the severity of the malformation and whether or not surgical intervention can improve the associated health problems. This case report raises the importance of awareness on the nutritional value of pregnant mothers especially carotene and folic acid intake which may be associated with the organ maldevelopment. Overall, this report outlined the management of this rare condition experienced by the patient, particularly in a resource-limited setting like Yangon in Myanmar and also reviewed the literature about the presentation and classification of this condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  6. Fulltext An unusual case of concurrent dengue and malaria infection
    Hong, Eric Qiu Weng, Cheo, Seng Wee, Low, Qin Jian
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021;15(1):57-60.
    MyJurnal
    Dengue and malaria infections are common mosquito-borne infectious diseases in tropical and subtropical regions. The clinical manifestations of dengue and malaria often mimic each other, causing the predicament of early diagnosis without laboratory investigations. Concurrent dengue and malaria infection are often rare scenarios when both diseases occur in a particular patient at the same time. A high index of suspicion is therefore required to establish an early diagnosis to ensure complete success in its management. This case report is about concurrent dengue and malaria infection in a 54-year-old Pakistani man who presented with high-grade fever for three days before admission. On examination, he was febrile (38.8°C) with no other findings. His blood investigations were positive for NS1 antigen and IgM but negative for IgG. His peripheral blood film revealed the presence of Plasmodium vivax. He was treated for dengue fever with supportive management and started with oral Riamet (artemether and lumefantrine) along with oral primaquine 30 mg daily for two weeks’ duration. Following treatment, the patient demonstrated progressive clinical improvement and was subsequently discharged back to the community clinic for the continuation of care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  7. Fulltext Kashima operation: an endoscopic phonosurgery by laser for bilateral vocal cord palsy
    Alamgir Chowdhury, M., Farid Hossain Chowdhury, Khaled Bin Shahabuddin, Tofazzal Hossain, A.B.M., Shaila Kabir
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021;15(1):31-35.
    MyJurnal
    Complete or partial restriction of the vocal cords usually occurs due to cancer, neurologic causes or mechanical causes like huge neck mass, trauma to the neck, viral infection, and sometimes iatrogenic during surgery. Bilateral vocal cord palsy is a severe condition that can lead to significant problems in breathing, speaking, and swallowing. If any patient presents with stridor, it requires urgent surgical airway management followed by specific treatment. A case of viral bilateral abductor vocal cord palsy in a 41-year-old female is reported here. The patient presented with stridor, and immediate tracheostomy was done. The stridor developed first 3 months earlier followed by cold and fever for a week. The stridor worsened gradually and leads to a state of commencing immediate tracheostomy. There was no history of trauma to the neck or any neck surgery. All basic laboratory blood test was within the normal limit. The laryngoscopic examination showed both vocal cords were immobile and almost median position with a small gap at the posterior commissure. Chest and neck plain X-ray along with computed tomography scan of neck was normal which ruled out the other causes of bilateral vocal cord palsy. The patient subsequently underwent successful left posterior cordectomy by laser, and decannulation of tracheostomy was done, known as Kashima operation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  8. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cytology practice: An international survey in the Asia-Pacific region
    Wang YH, Bychkov A, Chakrabarti I, Jain D, Liu Z, He S, et al.
    Cancer Cytopathol, 2020 Dec;128(12):895-904.
    PMID: 32931161 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22354
    BACKGROUND: The purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on various aspects of cytology practice in the Asia-Pacific region.

    METHODS: An online questionnaire was distributed to cytopathology laboratories in 24 Asia-Pacific countries to explore the impact of restrictive measures on access to health care, use of general and personal protective equipment (PPE), and changes in cytology workflow and workload from February to April 2020.

    RESULTS: A total of 167 cytopathology laboratories from 24 countries responded to the survey; the majority reported that restrictive measures that limited the accessibility of health care services had been implemented in their cities and/or countries (80.8%) and their hospitals (83.8%). The respondents noted that COVID-19 had an impact on the cytologic workflow as well as the workload. Approximately one-half of the participants reported the implementation of new biosafety protocols (54.5%) as well as improvements in laboratory facilities (47.3%). Rearrangement or redeployment of the workforce was reported in 53.3% and 34.1% of laboratories, respectively. The majority of the respondents reported a significant reduction (>10%) in caseload associated with both gynecological (82.0%) and nongynecological specimens (78.4%). Most laboratories reported no significant change in the malignancy rates of both gynecological (67.7%) and nongynecological specimens (58.7%) compared with the same period in 2019.

    CONCLUSIONS: The results of the survey demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant reduction in the number of cytology specimens examined along with the need to implement new biosafety protocols. These findings underscore the need for the worldwide standardization of biosafety protocols and cytology practice.

    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories, Hospital/organization & administration*; Laboratories, Hospital/standards; Laboratories, Hospital/statistics & numerical data
  9. Fulltext Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Urothelial Carcinoma: Recommendations for Practical Approaches to PD-L1 and Other Potential Predictive Biomarker Testing
    Lopez-Beltran A, López-Rios F, Montironi R, Wildsmith S, Eckstein M
    Cancers (Basel), 2021 Mar 20;13(6).
    PMID: 33804698 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061424
    Immuno-oncology (IO) agents (anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)) are approved as first- and second-line treatments for metastatic UC. PD-L1 expression levels in UC tumors help clinicians determine which patients are more likely to respond to IO therapies. Assays for approved IO agents use different antibodies, immunohistochemical protocols, cutoffs (defining "high" vs. "low" PD-L1 expression), and scoring algorithms. The robust control of pre-analytical and analytical standards is needed to obtain high-quality PD-L1 results. To better understand the status and perspectives of biomarker-guided patient selection for anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 agents in UC, three workshops were held from December 2018 to December 2019 in Italy, Malaysia, and Spain. The primary goal was to develop recommendations for best practice approaches to PD-L1 testing in UC. Recommendations pertaining to the interpretation and reporting of the results of PD-L1 assays from experienced pathologists and oncologists from around the globe are included. A test request form for pathology laboratories was developed as a critical first step for oncologists/urologists to encourage communication between clinicians and pathologists, ensuring fast and high-quality test results. In this era of personalized medicine, we briefly discuss novel biomarkers being evaluated for IO agents in UC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  10. Fulltext Penicillin-Susceptible, Oxidase-Negative, Nonhemolytic, Nonmotile Bacillus megaterium in Disguise of Bacillus anthracis
    Loong SK, Teoh BT, Johari J, Khor CS, Abd-Jamil J, Nor'e SS, et al.
    Case Rep Infect Dis, 2017;2017:2578082.
    PMID: 28331641 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2578082
    Bacillus anthracis is a bacterial pathogen of major concern. The spores of this bacteria can survive harsh environmental conditions for extended periods and are well recognized as a potential bioterror weapon with significant implications. Accurate and timely identification of this Bacillus species in the diagnostic laboratory is essential for disease and public health management. Biosafety Level 3 measures and ciprofloxacin treatment were instituted when B. anthracis was suspected from a patient with gangrenous foot. 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to accurately identify the suspected bacterium, due to the superiority of this method to accurately identify clinically isolated bacteria. B. megaterium was identified as the causative agent and the organism was subsequently treated as a Biosafety Level 2 pathogen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  11. Fulltext Cyphellophora sp. Isolated from a Corneal Ulcer in the Human Eye
    Rajandran S, Razali KM, Mustapha M, Palaniappan PA, Amran F
    Case Rep Ophthalmol Med, 2020;2020:5861258.
    PMID: 32774963 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5861258
    Cyphellophora is a black yeast-like fungus with most of the strains being isolated from soil and plants. It tends to cause sooty blotch and flyspeck disease in plants. In humans, it is known to cause superficial skin and nail infections. This report highlights the case of a patient who initially presented with a small corneal abrasion which rapidly progressed into a corneal ulcer after the patient did not respond to the initial conventional treatment. The laboratory results from the corneal scraping found it to be Cyphellophora sp.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  12. Sunway Medical Laboratory Quality Control Plans Based on Six Sigma, Risk Management and Uncertainty
    Jairaman J, Sakiman Z, Li LS
    Clin. Lab. Med., 2017 Mar;37(1):163-176.
    PMID: 28153364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2016.09.013
    Sunway Medical Centre (SunMed) implemented Six Sigma, measurement uncertainty, and risk management after the CLSI EP23 Individualized Quality Control Plan approach. Despite the differences in all three approaches, each implementation was beneficial to the laboratory, and none was in conflict with another approach. A synthesis of these approaches, built on a solid foundation of quality control planning, can help build a strong quality management system for the entire laboratory.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories/standards*
  13. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Mycotoxins
    Rahmani A, Jinap S, Soleimany F
    Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf, 2009 Jul;8(3):202-251.
    PMID: 33467794 DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2009.00079.x
      Mycotoxin toxicity occurs at very low concentrations, therefore sensitive and reliable methods for their detection are required. Consequently, sampling and analysis of mycotoxins is of critical importance because failure to achieve a suitable verified analysis can lead to unacceptable consignments being accepted or satisfactory shipments unnecessarily rejected. The general mycotoxin analyses carried out in laboratories are still based on physicochemical methods, which are continually improved. Further research in mycotoxin analysis has been established in such techniques as screening methods with TLC, GC, HPLC, and LC-MS. In some areas of mycotoxin method development, immunoaffinity columns and multifunctional columns are good choices as cleanup methods. They are appropriate to displace conventional liquid-liquid partitioning or column chromatography cleanup. On the other hand, the need for rapid yes/no decisions for exported or imported products has led to a number of new screening methods, mainly, rapid and easy-to-use test kits based on immuno-analytical principles. In view of the fact that analytical methods for detecting mycotoxins have become more prevalent, sensitive, and specific, surveillance of foods for mycotoxin contamination has become more commonplace. Reliability of methods and well-defined performance characteristics are essential for method validation. This article covers some of the latest activities and progress in qualitative and quantitative mycotoxin analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  14. A review of clinical guidelines, laboratory recommendations and external quality assurance programs for monoclonal gammopathy testing
    Lim SM, Wijeratne N, Choy KW, Nguyen TTH, Setiawan L, Loh TP
    Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci, 2024 Mar;61(2):107-126.
    PMID: 37776896 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2257306
    Monoclonal gammopathy (MG) is a spectrum of diseases ranging from the benign asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to the malignant multiple myeloma. Clinical guidelines and laboratory recommendations have been developed to inform best practices in the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of MG. In this review, the pathophysiology, relevant laboratory testing recommended in clinical practice guidelines and laboratory recommendations related to MG testing and reporting are examined. The clinical guidelines recommend serum protein electrophoresis, serum immunofixation and serum free light chain measurement as initial screening. The laboratory recommendations omit serum immunofixation as it offers limited additional diagnostic value. The laboratory recommendations offer guidance on reporting findings beyond monoclonal protein, which was not required by the clinical guidelines. The clinical guidelines suggested monitoring total IgA concentration by turbidimetry or nephelometry method if the monoclonal protein migrates in the non-gamma region, whereas the laboratory recommendations make allowance for involved IgM and IgG. Additionally, several external quality assurance programs for MG protein electrophoresis and free light chain testing are also appraised. The external quality assurance programs show varied assessment criteria for protein electrophoresis reporting and unit of measurement. There is also significant disparity in reported monoclonal protein concentrations with wide inter-method analytical variation noted for both monoclonal protein quantification and serum free light chain measurement, however this variation appears smaller when the same method was used. Greater harmonization among laboratory recommendations and reporting format may improve clinical interpretation of MG testing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  15. Convenient and Efficient Method for Quality Control Analysis of 18F-Fluorocholine: For a Small Scale GMP-based Radiopharmaceuticals Laboratory Set-up
    Hassan H, Abu Bakar S, Halim KN, Idris J, Nordin AJ
    Curr Radiopharm, 2016;9(2):128-36.
    PMID: 26013570
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Prostate cancer continues to be the most prevalent cancer in men in Malaysia. As time progresses, the prospect of PET imaging modality in diagnosis of prostate cancer is promising, with on-going improvement on novel tracers. Among all tracers, 18F-Fluorocholine is reported to be a reputable tracer and reliable diagnostic technique for prostate imaging. Nonetheless, only 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) is available and used in most oncology cases in Malaysia. With a small scale GMP-based radiopharmaceuticals laboratory set-up, initial efforts have been taken to put Malaysia on 18F-Fluorocholine map. This article presents a convenient, efficient and reliable method for quality control analysis of 18F-Fluorocholine. Besides, the aim of this research work is to assist local GMP radiopharmaceuticals laboratories and local authority in Malaysia for quality control analysis of 18F-Fluorocholine guideline.

    METHODS: In this study, prior to synthesis, quality control analysis method for 18F-Fluorocholine was developed and validated, by adapting the equipment set-up used in 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18FFDG) routine production. Quality control on the 18F-Fluorocholine was performed by means of pH, radionuclidic identity, radio-high performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet, radio- thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography and filter integrity test.

    RESULTS: Post-synthesis; the pH of 18F-Fluorocholine was 6.42 ± 0.04, with half-life of 109.5 minutes (n = 12). The radiochemical purity was consistently higher than 99%, both in radio-high performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet (r-HPLC; SCX column, 0.25 M NaH2PO4: acetonitrile) and radio-thin layer chromatography method (r-TLC). The calculated relative retention time (RRT) in r-HPLC was 1.02, whereas the retention factor (Rf) in r-TLC was 0.64. Potential impurities from 18F-Fluorocholine synthesis such as ethanol, acetonitrile, dimethylethanolamine and dibromomethane were determined in gas chromatography. Using our parameters, (capillary column: DB-200, 30 m x 0.53 mm x 1 um) and oven temperature of 35°C (isothermal), all compounds were well resolved and eluted within 3 minutes. Level of ethanol and acetonitrile in 18F-Fluorocholine were detected below threshold limit; less than 5 mg/ml and 0.41 mg/ml respectively. Meanwhile, dimethylethanolamine and dibromomethane were undetectable.

    CONCLUSION: A convenient, efficient and reliable quality control analysis work-up procedure for 18FFluorocholine has been established and validated to comply all the release criteria. The convenient method of quality control analysis may provide a guideline to local GMP radiopharmaceutical laboratories to start producing 18F-Fluorocholine as a tracer for prostate cancer imaging.

    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  16. The development of tone discrimination in infancy: Evidence from a cross-linguistic, multi-lab report
    Kalashnikova M, Singh L, Tsui A, Altuntas E, Burnham D, Cannistraci R, et al.
    Dev Sci, 2024 May;27(3):e13459.
    PMID: 37987377 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13459
    We report the findings of a multi-language and multi-lab investigation of young infants' ability to discriminate lexical tones as a function of their native language, age and language experience, as well as of tone properties. Given the high prevalence of lexical tones across human languages, understanding lexical tone acquisition is fundamental for comprehensive theories of language learning. While there are some similarities between the developmental course of lexical tone perception and that of vowels and consonants, findings for lexical tones tend to vary greatly across different laboratories. To reconcile these differences and to assess the developmental trajectory of native and non-native perception of tone contrasts, this study employed a single experimental paradigm with the same two pairs of Cantonese tone contrasts (perceptually similar vs. distinct) across 13 laboratories in Asia-Pacific, Europe and North-America testing 5-, 10- and 17-month-old monolingual (tone, pitch-accent, non-tone) and bilingual (tone/non-tone, non-tone/non-tone) infants. Across the age range and language backgrounds, infants who were not exposed to Cantonese showed robust discrimination of the two non-native lexical tone contrasts. Contrary to this overall finding, the statistical model assessing native discrimination by Cantonese-learning infants failed to yield significant effects. These findings indicate that lexical tone sensitivity is maintained from 5 to 17 months in infants acquiring tone and non-tone languages, challenging the generalisability of the existing theoretical accounts of perceptual narrowing in the first months of life. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: This is a multi-language and multi-lab investigation of young infants' ability to discriminate lexical tones. This study included data from 13 laboratories testing 5-, 10-, and 17-month-old monolingual (tone, pitch-accent, non-tone) and bilingual (tone/non-tone, non-tone/non-tone) infants. Overall, infants discriminated a perceptually similar and a distinct non-native tone contrast, although there was no evidence of a native tone-language advantage in discrimination. These results demonstrate maintenance of tone discrimination throughout development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  17. Intrathyroidal oxyphilic parathyroid carcinoma: A potential diagnostic caveat in cytology?
    Wong YP, Sharifah NA, Tan GC, Gill AJ, Ali SZ
    Diagn Cytopathol, 2016 May 26.
    PMID: 27229757 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23493
    Oxyphilic (oncocytic) parathyroid lesions are very uncommon and their cytological features are rarely described. Due to the similarities in anatomical location and indistinguishable cytomorphological features, these lesions are easily confused with neoplastic and non-neoplastic thyroid lesions on fine needle aspiration (FNA). The diagnosis becomes more challenging in cases of unusual intrathyroidal location of the parathyroid lesions in the absence of clinical evidence of hyperparathyroidism, which simulate thyroid nodules clinically. We describe a case of intrathyroidal oxyphilic parathyroid carcinoma in a 66-year-old female, who presented with a dominant left "thyroid" nodule. FNA smears were cellular, comprising predominantly of oxyphilic cells arranged in papillary-like architecture with occasional nuclear grooves, which was mistaken for oncocytic variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. The histological diagnosis of oxyphilic parathyroid "adenoma" was made following total thyroidectomy. The tumor, unfortunately, recurred 7 years later with associated multiple lung metastases. When dealing with thyroid lesions comprising predominantly of oncocytic cells, one should consider oxyphilic parathyroid neoplasms as one of the differential diagnosis. In difficult equivocal cases, a panel of immunocytochemical stains (PTH, GATA3, TTF-1, PAX8, and thyroglobulin) can be helpful. In addition, a combination of valuable clinical, radiological, and laboratory data, including serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels are key to arriving at an accurate cytological diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  18. Serological and molecular rapid diagnostic tests for Toxoplasma infection in humans and animals
    Khan AH, Noordin R
    Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2020 Jan;39(1):19-30.
    PMID: 31428897 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03680-2
    Infection by Toxoplasma gondii is prevalent worldwide. The parasite can infect a broad spectrum of vertebrate hosts, but infection of fetuses and immunocompromised patients is of particular concern. Easy-to-perform, robust, and highly sensitive and specific methods to detect Toxoplasma infection are important for the treatment and management of patients. Rapid diagnostic methods that do not sacrifice the accuracy of the assay and give reproducible results in a short time are highly desirable. In this context, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), especially with point-of-care (POC) features, are promising diagnostic methods in clinical microbiology laboratories, especially in areas with minimal laboratory facilities. More advanced methods using microfluidics and sensor technology will be the future trend. In this review, we discuss serological and molecular-based rapid diagnostic tests for detecting Toxoplasma infection in humans as well as animals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  19. Fulltext The antibacterial effects of vitamin D3 against mutans streptococci: an in vitro study
    Almoudi MMM, Hussein AS, Abu Hassan MI, Al-Talib H, Khan HBSG, Nazli SAB, et al.
    Eur Oral Res, 2021 Jan 04;55(1):8-15.
    PMID: 33937756 DOI: 10.26650/eor.20210119
    Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of the cholecalciferol vitamin D3 against Streptococcus sobrinus (Strep. sobrinus) and Streptococcus mutans (Strep. mutans) bacteria in vitro that is considered the main causative bacteria in dental caries development.

    Materials and methods: The antimicrobial effects of vitamin D3 were evaluated against Strep. sobrinus and Strep mutans using the agar disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of vitamin D3 were determined using a microdilution method following the guidelines by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the morphological changes of bacterial cells following exposure to vitamin D3.

    Results: Strep. sobrinus was more sensitive to vitamin D3 compared to Strep. mutans bacteria. The MIC values of vitamin D3 against Strep. sobrinus and Strep. mutans were 60 μg/ mL and 250 μg/mL respectively whereas the MBC values were 120 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, significant changes in the bacterial morphology were observed in treated bacterial cells with vitamin D3 as compared to the untreated control bacteria using SEM.

    Conclusion: These findings suggested that vitamin D3 has excellent antimicrobial effects against Strep. sobrinus and Strep. mutans and may be considered as a promising compound in the prevention of dental caries in the future. Further research is recommended to elucidate the mechanism of vitamin D3 on these bacteria.

    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  20. A hepatitis B serological survey in Sibu, Sarawak January - July 1990
    Hu CH, Ting R, Wong L
    Family Physician, 1991;3:70-73.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
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