MyMedR

WHO plans to improve training for blood-bank personnel

AIDS Policy Law, 2001 Oct 26;16(20):3.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

Short communication: low prevalence of genotypic drug resistance mutations among antiretroviral-naive HIV type 1 patients in Malaysia

Tee KK, Kamarulzaman A, Ng KP

AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 2006 Feb;22(2):121-4.

PMID: 16478392

To assess the prevalence of mutations associated with drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, genotypic resistance testing was conducted among drug-naive HIV-1 patients attending the University Malaya Medical Center (UMMC) between July 2003 and June 2004. Reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease genes of plasma virions were sequenced from 100 individuals. The majority of the patients were recently diagnosed. Codons 20-255 of the RT and 1-96 of the protease gene were examined for major and minor mutations associated with antiretroviral resistance reported by the International AIDS Society- USA (IAS-USA) Drug Resistance Mutations Group. The prevalence of patients with at least one major mutation conferring drug resistance was 1%, with only one patient having a Y181C amino acid substitution in the RT gene that confers high-level resistance to nevirapine and delavirdine. Minor mutations were detected in high prevalence in the protease gene. Amino acid substitutions I13V, E35D, and M36I were associated with CRF01_AE while L63P, V77I, and I93L were associated with subtype B. Baseline prevalence of major mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs was low among antiretroviral-naive HIV-1 patients, suggesting that routine drug resistance testing may be unnecessary for all individuals newly diagnosed with HIV or all patients beginning antiretroviral therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

HIV type 1 gag subtype A is predominant in Malaysian intravenous drug users

Kasper P, Chalwatzis N, Duraisamy G, Ofenloch-Hähnle B, Faatz E

AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 1997 Sep 20;13(14):1251-3.

PMID: 9310293

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

HIV type 1 subtypes in Malaysia, determined with serologic assays: 1992-1996

Beyrer C, Vancott TC, Peng NK, Artenstein A, Duriasamy G, Nagaratnam M, et al.

AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 1998 Dec 20;14(18):1687-91.

PMID: 9870323

We investigated the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 subtypes in Malaysia among injecting drug users (IDUs) and sexual transmission risk groups, using serologic and genetic techniques. Frozen sera collected at a general hospital, a blood bank, several drug treatment centers, and an STD clinic in Kuala Lumpur, between 1992 and 1996, were investigated retrospectively. V3 peptide serotyping and monomeric gp120 capture serotyping were used to study 89 known HIV-1-infected subjects. The methods differentiate subtypes B, E, and C. V3 peptide and gp120 capture results were comparable. No subtype C-specific reactive sera were found; one specimen was dually reactive for subtypes C and B, using the V3 peptide ELISA; and four were durally reactive for subtypes E and C using this assay. Genotypic analysis of HIV-1 gag RNA in serum was done on a subset of subjects and confirmed serologic findings. HIV-1 subtypes differed significantly by risk category: of 53 IDUs, 29 (55%) were infected with subtype B and 19 (36%) were infected with subtype E, 3 (6%) were dually reactive, and 2 (4%) were not typable. Of 36 persons with heterosexual risks, 29 (81%) were infected with subtype E, 5 (14%) were infected with subtype B, and 2 (5%) were not typable. Persons with IDU risks were significantly more likely to be infected with subtype B than were those with sexual risks (OR 5.89; 95% CI, 1.94-18.54; p < 0.001). Subtypes B and E of HIV-1 appear to predominate in Malaysia; subtype B was more prevalent among IDUs; subtype E was more prevalent among all other groups. These results may have important HIV-1 vaccine implications.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

HIV type 1 subtypes in Malaysia include B, C, and E

Brown TM, Robbins KE, Sinniah M, Saraswathy TS, Lee V, Hooi LS, et al.

AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 1996 Nov 20;12(17):1655-7.

PMID: 8947304

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

Nipah viral encephalitis or Japanese encephalitis? MR findings in a new zoonotic disease

Lim CC, Sitoh YY, Hui F, Lee KE, Ang BS, Lim E, et al.

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2000 Mar;21(3):455-61.

PMID: 10730635

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: An epidemic of suspected Japanese encephalitis occurred in Malaysia in 1998-1999 among pig farmers. In neighboring Singapore, an outbreak occurred among pig slaughterhouse workers. It was subsequently established that the causative agent in the outbreak was not the Japanese encephalitis virus but a previously unknown Hendra-like paramyxovirus named Nipah virus.

METHODS: The brain MR images of eight patients with Nipah virus infection were reviewed. All patients tested negative for acute Japanese encephalitis virus. Seven patients had contrast-enhanced studies and six had diffusion-weighted examinations.

RESULTS: All patients had multiple small bilateral foci of T2 prolongation within the subcortical and deep white matter. The periventricular region and corpus callosum were also involved. In addition to white matter disease, five patients had cortical lesions, three had brain stem involvement, and a single thalamic lesion was detected in one patient. All lesions were less than 1 cm in maximum diameter. In five patients, diffusion-weighted images showed increased signal. Four patients had leptomeningeal enhancement and four had enhancement of parenchymal lesions.

CONCLUSION: The brain MR findings in patients infected with the newly discovered Nipah paramyxovirus are different from those of patients with Japanese encephalitis. In a zoonotic epidemic, this striking difference in the appearance and distribution of lesions is useful in differentiating these diseases. Diffusion-weighted imaging was advantageous in increasing lesion conspicuity.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

Thyroid cancer: The Kuala Lumpur experience

Abdullah M

ANZ J Surg, 2002 Sep;72(9):660-4.

PMID: 12269919

There have been few detailed studies on thyroid cancer (TC) in Malaysia, a multiethnic country with three major races - Malays, Chinese and Indians.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

Epidemiology of abdominal aortic aneurysm in an Asian population

Yii MK

ANZ J Surg, 2003 Jun;73(6):393-5.

PMID: 12801335

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are common in the Caucasian population. Apart from reported differences in the occurrence of AAA in the black and white populations, there are few studies on the incidence of AAA in the Asian population.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in Singapore: recent trends and clinical implications

Tan KB, Lee HY, Putti TC

ANZ J Surg, 2002 Nov;72(11):793-7.

PMID: 12437689

Breast ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) is increasingly being diagnosed as a result of screening mammography and better pathological recognition. With this and the rising breast cancer incidence in Singapore, DCIS is poised to become a bigger part of surgical practice. Principles of screening, diagnosis and management of DCIS have also been rapidly evolving. Against this background, a clinicopathological audit of recent cases of DCIS in our centre was performed.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

Fulltext Do-It-Yourself Surgical Simulation Kits: One Academic Medical Center's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia

Nah SA, Singaravel S, Sanmugam A

Acad Med, 2021 Jan 01;96(1):e3.

PMID: 33003042 DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000003786

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

Zulkipli ZH, Abdul Rahmat AM, Mohd Faudzi SA, Paiman NF, Wong SV, Hassan A

Accid Anal Prev, 2012 Nov;49:237-44.

PMID: 23036400 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.12.011

This study presents an analysis of crash characteristics of motorcyclists who sustained spinal injuries in motorcycle crashes. The aim of the study is to identify the salient crash characteristics that would help explain spinal injury risks for motorcyclists. Data were retrospectively collected from police case reports that were archived at MIROS from year 2005 to 2007. The data were categorized into two subcategories; the first group was motorcycle crashes with spinal injury (case) and the second group was motorcycle crashes without spinal injury (control). A total of 363 motorcyclists with spinal injury and 873 motorcyclists without spinal injury were identified and analyzed. Descriptive analysis and multivariate analysis were performed in order to determine the odds of each characteristic in contributing to spinal injury. Single vehicle crash, collision with fixed objects and crash configuration were found to have significant influence on motorcyclists in sustaining spinal injury (p<0.05). Although relatively few than other impact configurations, the rear-end impacted motorcyclist shows the highest risk of spinal injury. Helmets have helped to reduce head injury but they did not seem to offer corresponding protection for the spine in the study. With a growing number of young motorcyclists, further efforts are needed to find effective measures to help reduce the crash incidents and severity of spinal injury. In sum, the study provides some insights on some vital crash characteristics associated with spinal injury that can be further investigated to determine the appropriate counter-measures and prevention strategies to reduce spinal injury.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

Ng CP, Law TH, Wong SV, Kulanthayan S

Accid Anal Prev, 2013 Jan;50:351-60.

PMID: 22633252 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.05.004

The benefit of wearing a rear seatbelt in reducing the risk of motor vehicle crash-related fatalities and injuries has been well documented in previous studies. Wearing a seatbelt not only reduces the risk of injury to rear-seat passengers, but also reduces the risk of injury to front-seat occupant who could be crushed by unbelted rear-seat passengers in a motor vehicle crash. Despite the benefits of wearing a rear seatbelt, its rate of use in Malaysia is generally low. The objective of this study was to identify factors that are associated with the wearing of a seatbelt among rear-seat passengers in Malaysia. Multinomial logistic regression analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey of 1651 rear-seat passengers revealed that rear-seat passengers who were younger, male, single and less educated and who had a perception of a low level of legislation enforcement, a lower risk-aversion and less driving experience (only for passengers who are also drivers) were less likely to wear a rear seatbelt. There was also a significant positive correlation between driver seatbelt and rear seatbelt-wearing behaviour. This implies that, in regards to seatbelt-wearing behaviour, drivers are more likely to adopt the same seatbelt-wearing behaviour when travelling as rear-seat passengers as they do when driving. These findings are crucial to the development of new interventions to increase the compliance rate of wearing a rear seatbelt.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

Seat belt use in a developing country: covert noncompliance with a primary enforcement law in Malaysia

Hauswald M

Accid Anal Prev, 1997 Sep;29(5):695-7.

PMID: 9316717

Malaysia has strict laws requiring seat belt use by all vehicle occupants. However, neither passive devices nor inertial reel belts are mandated. Seat belt usage was investigated among 60 taxicab drivers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 1993. Although all drivers appeared to be restrained during an initial curb-side inspection, 60% did not fasten the latch. There was no statistical difference between ethnic groups. Curb-side estimates of restraint use may overestimate actual usage, resulting in falsely low estimates of effectiveness. Requiring inertial reel belts, which would retract if not latched, could greatly increase actual restraint use. This may be cost effective for developing nations.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

Fulltext Sri Petaling COVID-19 cluster in Malaysia: challenges and the mitigation strategies

Safuan S, Edinur HA

Acta Biomed, 2020 11 10;91(4):e2020154.

PMID: 33525245 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i4.10345

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Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

Fulltext Modelling the Effect of Vaccination Program and Inter-state Travel in the Spread of COVID-19 in Malaysia

Aziz MHN, Safaruddin ADA, Hamzah NA, Supadi SS, Yuhao Z, Aziz MA

Acta Biotheor, 2022 Nov 17;71(1):2.

PMID: 36394646 DOI: 10.1007/s10441-022-09453-3

A modified version of the SEIR model with the effects of vaccination and inter-state movement is proposed to simulate the spread of COVID-19 in Malaysia. A mathematical analysis of the proposed model was performed to derive the basic reproduction number. To enhance the model's forecasting capabilities, the model parameters were estimated using the Nelder-Mead simplex method by fitting the model outputs to the observed data. Our results showed a good fit between the model outputs and available data, where the model was then able to perform short-term predictions. In line with the rapid vaccination program, our model predicted that the COVID-19 cases in the country would decrease by the end of August. Furthermore, our findings indicated that relaxing travel restrictions from a highly vaccinated region to a low vaccinated region would result in an epidemic outbreak.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

Fulltext A comparison of long-term outcomes between narrow and broad QRS complex patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy

Yap LB, Nguyen ST, Qadir F, Ma SK, Muhammad Z, Koh KW, et al.

Acta Cardiol, 2016 Jun;71(3):323-30.

PMID: 27594128 DOI: 10.2143/AC.71.3.3152093

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

Preliminary report on spiegelberg pre and post-operative monitoring of severe head-injured patients who received decompressive craniectomy

Abdullah J, Zamzuri I, Awang S, Sayuthi S, Ghani A, Tahir A, et al.

Acta Neurochir. Suppl., 2005;95:311-4.

PMID: 16463872

The monitoring of craniospinal compliance is uncommonly used clinically despite it's value. The Spiegelberg compliance monitor calculates intracranial compliance (C = deltaV/deltaP) from a moving average of small ICP perturbations (deltaP) resulting from a sequence of up to 200 pulses of added volume (deltaV = 0.1 ml, total V = 0.2 ml) made into a double lumen intraventricular balloon catheter. The objective of this study was thus to determine the effectiveness of the decompressive craniectomy done on the worst brain site with regard to compliance (Cl), pressure volume index (PVI), jugular oximetry (SjVo2), autoregulation abnormalties, brain tissue oxygen (TiO2) and cerebral blood flow (CBF). This is a prospective cohort study of 17 patients who were enrolled after consent and approval of the ethics committee between the beginning of the year 2001 and end of the year 2002. For pre and post assessment on compliance and PVI, all 12 patients who survived were reported to become normal after decompressive craniectomy. There is no significant association between pre and post craniectomy assessment in jugular oxymetry (p > 0.05), autoregulation (p > 0.05), intracranial brain oxymetry (p = 0.125) and cerebral blood flow (p = 0.375). Compliance and PVI improved dramatically in all alive patients who received decompressive craniectomy. Compliance and PVI monitoring may be crucial in improving the outcome of severe head injured patients after decompressive craniectomy.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

Fulltext Assessment and diagnosis of suspected glaucoma in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis

Ashworth J, Flaherty M, Pitz S, Ramlee A

Acta Ophthalmol, 2015 Mar;93(2):e111-7.

PMID: 25688487 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12607

Purpose: The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of rare lysosomal storage disorders, characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans within multiple organ systems including the eye. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of glaucoma in patients with MPS, as well as the characteristics, diagnosis and management of patients with MPS and glaucoma.
Methods: A multicentre retrospective case-note review was carried out by ophthalmologists from four tertiary referral centres to identify patients with MPS who had been treated for glaucoma. Clinical ophthalmological data were collected using standardized data collection forms.
Results: Fourteen patients were identified (27 eyes) of 294 patients with MPS. The prevalence of glaucoma ranged from 2.1% to 12.5%. The median age at diagnosis of glaucoma was 8 years. Diagnostic evaluation of glaucoma was incomplete in many patients: intraocular pressure was documented in all eyes, but optic disc appearance was only assessed in 67%, central corneal thickness in 26%, visual fields in 19% and iridocorneal angle in 15%.
Conclusions: Patients with MPS need regular assessment for possible glaucoma including during childhood. Multiple factors contribute to the challenges of assessment, diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma in these patients.
Keywords: Hunter; Hurler; Hurler-Scheie; Maroteaux-Lamy; Morquio; Scheie; glaucoma; mucopolysaccharidosis; prevalence.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

Fulltext Prevalence and viral load of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) in pterygia in multi-ethnic patients in the Malay Peninsula

Chong PP, Tung CH, Rahman NA, Yajima M, Chin FW, Yeng CL, et al.

Acta Ophthalmol, 2014 Nov;92(7):e569-79.

PMID: 25043991 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12427

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in primary and recurrent pterygia samples collected from different ethnic groups in the equatorial Malay Peninsula.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

Hip fracture incidence in Malaysia 1981-1989

Lee CM, Sidhu JS, Pan KL

Acta Orthop Scand, 1993 Apr;64(2):178-80.

PMID: 8498181 DOI: 10.3109/17453679308994565

The age-corrected incidence of hip fracture in the city of Kuala Lumpur and the surrounding districts has increased from 1981 to 0.7 per 1,000 population in 1989. Women dominated by a factor of 1.3. The mean age was 73 (50-103) years. The increased rate observed was attributed solely to trochanteric fractures among those 70 years and above. There were differences in the various parameters among the different races. The fracture incidence and woman/man ratio were substantially lower than has been reported from developed countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology

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