MyMedR

Fulltext A status review of the bioactive activities of tiger milk mushroom Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden

Nallathamby N, Phan CW, Seow SL, Baskaran A, Lakshmanan H, Abd Malek SN, et al.

Front Pharmacol, 2017;8:998.

PMID: 29379443 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00998

Edible and medicinal mushrooms are regularly used in natural medicines and home remedies since antiquity for ailments like fever, inflammation, and respiratory disorders. Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden is a polypore found in Malaysia and other regions in South East Asia. It can be located on a spot where a tigress drips milk while feeding, hence the name "tiger's milk mushroom." The sclerotium of L. rhinocerotis is highly sought after by the native communities in Malaysia to stave off hunger, relieve cough and asthma, and provide stamina. The genomic features of L. rhinocerotis have been described. The pharmacological and toxicity effects, if any, of L. rhinocerotis sclerotium have been scientifically verified in recent years. In this review, the validated investigations including the cognitive function, neuroprotection, immune modulation, anti-asthmatic, anti-coagulation, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial/ anti-viral, anti-obesity, anti-cancer/ anti-tumor, and antioxidant properties are highlighted. These findings suggest that L. rhinocerotis can be considered as an alternative and natural medicine in the management of non-communicable diseases. However, there is a paucity of validation studies including human clinical trials of the mycochemicals of L. rhinocerotis.

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional

A systematic review of botany, phytochemicals and pharmacological properties of "Hoja sant a" (Piper auritum Kunth)

Salleh WMNHW

Z Naturforsch C J Biosci, 2021 Mar 26;76(3-4):93-102.

PMID: 32960783 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2020-0116

Hoja santa (Piper auritum) refers to an important presence in Mexican cuisine. The information of this review article was gathered from several electronic sources such as Scopus, Medline, Scielo, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Lilacs. Phytochemical studies have revealed the presence of benzoic acid derivatives, phenylpropanoids and triterpenoids, while the essential oils have shown its richness in safrole, hence it has several activities, such as antioxidant, toxicity, insecticidal, anti-diabetic and cytotoxic properties. This review is expected to draw the attention of medical professionals and the general public towards P. auritum as well as to open the door for detailed research in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional

A systematic review on Piper longum L.: Bridging traditional knowledge and pharmacological evidence for future translational research

Yadav V, Krishnan A, Vohora D

J Ethnopharmacol, 2020 Jan 30;247:112255.

PMID: 31568819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112255

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Piper longum, commonly referred as 'Pippali', has found its traditional use in India, Malaysia, Singapore and other South Asian countries as an analgesic, carminative, anti-diarrhoeic, immunostimulant, post childbirth to check postpartum hemorrhage and to treat asthma, insomnia, dementia, epilepsy, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, spleen disorder, puerperal fever, leprosy etc. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This review offers essential data focusing on the traditional use, phytochemistry and pharmacological profile of Piper longum thereby identifying research gaps and future opportunities for investigation on this plant.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic survey was accomplished as per the PRISMA guidelines. The information was collected from books, and electronic search (PubMed, Science Direct, Lilca and Scielo) during 1967-2019.

RESULTS: Many phytochemicals have been identified till date, including alkaloids as its major secondary metabolites (piperine and piperlongumine), essential oil, flavonoids and steroids. These exhibit a wide range of activities including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-parkinsonian, anti-stress, nootropic, anti-epileptic, anti-hyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-platelet, anti-angiogenic, immunomodulatory, anti-arthritic, anti-ulcer, anti-asthmatic, anthelmintic action, anti-amebic, anti-fungal, mosquito larvicidal and anti-snake venom.

CONCLUSION: Amongst various activities, bioscientific clarification in relation to its ethnopharmacological perspective has been evidenced mainly for anti-amebic, anthelminthic, anti-tumor and anti-diabetic activity. However, despite traditional claims, insufficient scientific validation for the treatment of insomnia, dementia, epilepsy, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, spleen disorder, puerperal fever and leprosy, necessitate future investigations in this direction. It is also essential and critical to generate toxicological data and pharmacokinetics on human subjects so as to confirm its conceivable bio-active components in the body.

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional/methods*

A training-orientated medical programme in West Malaysian aboriginals

Bolton JM

Med J Aust, 1973 Dec 22;2(25):1122-5.

PMID: 4776211

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional

Fulltext Acute oral toxicity studies of Swietenia macrophylla seeds in Sprague Dawley rats

Balijepalli MK, Suppaiah V, Chin AM, Buru AS, Sagineedu SR, Pichika MR

Pharmacognosy Res, 2015 Jan-Mar;7(1):38-44.

PMID: 25598633 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.147197

BACKGROUND: Swietenia macrophylla King. (Meliaceae) seeds (SMS); commonly known as sky fruit and locally known in Malaysia as Tunjuk Langit; have been used in traditional Malay medicine for the treatment of diabetes and hypertension. The people eat only a tiny amount of raw seed, weighing not more than 5 mg.
AIM: To evaluate the safety of Swietenia macrophylla seeds (SMS) at a single-dose oral administration of 2 g/kg body weight (bw) in sprague dawley (SD) rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight-week old male and female SD rats were administered a single-oral dose of 2g/kg bw. The rats' general behavior, and toxic signs were observed throughout the 14-day study period. The food and water intake by rats and their body weight were monitored during the study period. At the end of the study period, the relative weights of the organs (lung, liver, spleen, heart, kidney, testis, stomach); the hematological and biochemical parameters were measured; the architecture and histology of the organs (liver, kidney and lungs) were observed.
RESULTS: Oral administration of SMS to rats did not affect, either food or water intake; relative organ weight of vital organs; the hematological and biochemical parameters; did not show significant changes in the architecture and histology of vital organs. Overall, there were neither signs of toxicity nor deaths recorded during the study period.
CONCLUSION: The rat dose of 2 g/kg bw is equivalent to the human dose of 325 mg/kg bw, which is well below the usual amount consumed by people, did not show any signs of toxicity in rats.
KEYWORDS: Diabetes; Swietenia macrophylla; sky fruit; toxicity; traditional Malay medicine; tunjuk langit

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional

Fulltext Acute salicylism due to accidental ingestion of a traditional medicine

Malik AS, Zabidi MH, Noor AR

Singapore Med J, 1994 Apr;35(2):215-6.

PMID: 7939826

Traditional medicine is practised to some degree in all cultures. Many different types of herbal preparations and "oils" are widely used in Malaysia, too. We report a case of acute salicylism due to accidental ingestion of one brand of such oils. Compulsory labelling of traditional drugs with their chemical ingredients is suggested for proper and timely management of such cases.

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional*

Fulltext Acute toxicity impacts of Euphorbia hirta L extract on behavior, organs body weight index and histopathology of organs of the mice and Artemia salina

Rajeh MA, Kwan YP, Zakaria Z, Latha LY, Jothy SL, Sasidharan S

Pharmacognosy Res, 2012 Jul;4(3):170-7.

PMID: 22923956 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.99085

The methanol extract of Euphorbia hirta L (Euphorbiaceae), which is used in traditional medicines, was tested for in vivo toxicity.

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional

Alcoholism in Southeast Asia. Prevalence and treatment

McGovern MP

Int J Soc Psychiatry, 1982;28(1):36-44.

PMID: 6980858

A pilot, field investigation of the prevalence and treatment of alcoholism in Southeast Asia (Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma, and Thailand) and conducted. The methodology combined an informant study, interviewing leading alcohol and drug abuse authorities; utilising existing data; and clinical and naturalistic observation. The effects of modernisation, multiracial culture, and the unilateral focus on opiates are discussed; recommendations on treatment, education, and research are presented.

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional

Fulltext Alpinia calcarata Roscoe: A potential phytopharmacological source of natural medicine

Rahman MA, Islam MS

Pharmacogn Rev, 2015 Jan-Jun;9(17):55-62.

PMID: 26009694 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.156350

Alpinia calcarata Roscoe (Family: Zingiberaceae), is a rhizomatous perennial herb, which is commonly used in the traditional medicinal systems in Sri Lanka. Alpinia calcarata is cultivated in tropical countries, including Sri Lanka, India, and Malaysia. Experimentally, rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata are shown to possess antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, gastroprotective, and antidiabetic activities. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, steroid glycosides and alkaloids in the extract and essential oil of this plant. Essential oil and extracts from this plant have been found to possess wide range of pharmacological and biological activities. This article provides a comprehensive review of its ethnomedical uses, chemical constituents and the pharmacological profile as a medicinal plant. Particular attention has been given to the pharmacological effects of the essential oil of Alpinia calcarata in this review so that the potential use of this plant either in pharmaceutics or as an agricultural resource can be evaluated.

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional

Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. and Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don: A comparative review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology

Khyade MS, Kasote DM, Vaikos NP

J Ethnopharmacol, 2014 Apr 11;153(1):1-18.

PMID: 24486598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.025

Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. and Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don are two vital medicinal plant species (family: Apocynaceae). In India, the therapeutic use of Alstonia scholaris has been described in both codified and non-codified drug systems for the treatment of malaria, jaundice, gastrointestinal troubles, cancer and in many other ailments. Other species, Alstonia macrophylla has been used in conventional medicines in Thailand, Malaysia and Philippines as a general tonic, aphrodisiac, anticholeric, antidysentery, antipyretic, emmenagogue, and vulnerary agents. In India, Alstonia macrophylla is used as a substitute for Alstonia scholaris in various herbal pharmaceutical preparations. However, one certainly cannot evaluate the truthfulness of a practice (i.e. in scientific terms). In this article we discuss and summarize comparative data about traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of Alstonia scholaris and Alstonia macrophylla. Moreover, in order to unfold future research opportunities, lacunae in the present knowledge are also highlighted.

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional/methods

Alternative systems in Malaysian drug rehabilitation: organization and control in comparative perspective

Lee RL

Soc Sci Med, 1985;21(11):1289-96.

PMID: 4095582

This paper examines four drug rehabilitation systems in Malaysia from an organizational perspective. It focuses on authority structures in rehabilitation centres and their impact on rehabilitees' identities. The findings show that there are important differences between government-run and private centres in terms of administration and approach to therapy. Some policy implications are derived from a comparison of these systems.

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional

Ambiguity, synecdoche and affect in Semai medicine

Dentan RK

Soc Sci Med, 1988;27(8):857-77.

PMID: 3227382

Semai descriptions of their beliefs about health and disease vary from person to person. Moreover, at different times the same person expresses mutually incongruent beliefs. This amorphousness and fluidity merit analysis rather than neatening. This paper details Semai beliefs, loose ends and all, and suggests that their formal peculiarities are due to the prevalence of synecdoche in conceptual organization. Their inconsistency and fluidity may stem from individualistic egalitarianism within Semai society and powerlessness in the face of nonSemai attack. Finally, it is suggested that construing indigenous medicine as a crude form of Western medicine leads to overtidiness and consequent error.

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional*

Amok

Kon Y

Br J Psychiatry, 1994 Nov;165(5):685-9.

PMID: 7866687

BACKGROUND: Amok is reviewed from a historical standpoint, tracing how it has changed from the Hindu states of India where it was a war tactic to the sudden incomprehensible violence and mass murder by a single individual associated with the syndrome today.

METHOD: A typical amok attack is described and the criteria for amok discussed. Amok in Malaysia, New Guinea, Laos, North America and other countries are presented. The possible motives for such violent killings and a possible psychiatric diagnosis in relation to contemporary diagnostic criteria is discussed.

CONCLUSION: Classification of amok remains unresolved. The reason for its frequency in and around Malaysia remains unknown.

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional/history*

Fulltext Amok--from the writings of Sir Frank Swettenham

Kua EH, Sulaimi MS

Singapore Med J, 1999 Apr;40(4):327-8.

PMID: 10487096

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional/history*

An analysis of application of health informatics in Traditional Medicine: A review of four Traditional Medicine Systems

Raja Ikram RR, Abd Ghani MK, Abdullah N

Int J Med Inform, 2015 Nov;84(11):988-96.

PMID: 26160148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.05.007

This paper shall first investigate the informatics areas and applications of the four Traditional Medicine systems - Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Ayurveda, Traditional Arabic and Islamic Medicine and Traditional Malay Medicine. Then, this paper shall examine the national informatics infrastructure initiatives in the four respective countries that support the Traditional Medicine systems. Challenges of implementing informatics in Traditional Medicine Systems shall also be discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional

An analysis of customs related to childbirth in rural Malay culture

Chen PC

Trop Geogr Med, 1973 Jun;25(2):197-204.

PMID: 4717277

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional*

An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by tribal and native people of Madhupur forest area, Bangladesh

Islam MK, Saha S, Mahmud I, Mohamad K, Awang K, Jamal Uddin S, et al.

J Ethnopharmacol, 2014 Feb 3;151(2):921-30.

PMID: 24342778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.056

Madhupur forest area, Tangail is one of early human settlements in Bangladesh. Having abode in the vicinity of the forest, a strong ethnobotanical practice has prevailed in this area since ancient time. Due to the rapid deforestation during the last few decades, many plants have already disappeared or are facing extinction. Thus we attempted to document the medicinal plant use of Madhupur forest area with a view to preserve the ethnobotanical knowledge and in order to protect the biodiversity of this area.

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional*

Fulltext An evaluation of consumers' perceptions regarding "modern medicines" in penang, malaysia

Babar ZU, Hassali MA, Shyong TL, Hin TK, Cien CS, Bin LS, et al.

J Young Pharm, 2012 Apr;4(2):108-13.

PMID: 22754263 DOI: 10.4103/0975-1483.96625

The objective of this study was to evaluate consumers' perceptions regarding "modern medicines" in Penang, Malaysia. To conduct this exploratory study, qualitative techniques were used. Consumers more than 19 years of age and could speak English, who had visited a pharmacy in the last 30 days, were included from the four major areas of Penang. Eighteen interviews were conducted until the point of saturation. The interviews were audio-taped and then transcribed verbatim for thematic content analysis. Many consumers correctly identified the major characteristics and properties of modern medicines; however, others raised doubts regarding the safety, quality and efficacy of "modern medicines". There were many misconceptions such as "all modern medicines can cause dependence", traditional medicines are completely "free of side-effects" and "Western medicines cure while Chinese medicines don't". Color was also considered a strong determinant of the safety and characteristics of a medicine. Regarding consumers' "medicine information seeking behavior", many consumers would seek information from doctors and pharmacists; however, there were others, who would look for books, or get it from the internet and friends. Of concern many consumers emphasized that while "self-searching for drug information" they would only look for side-effects. Misconceptions regarding medicine-taking behavior, medicine use and compliance were also identified. Though several consumers complied with the medicine-taking instructions, many reported that they would stop taking medicines, once they feel better. Though many consumers correctly identified the characteristics of "modern medicines", misconceptions regarding "medicine information sources and "medicine-taking behavior" were rampant. The situation demands corrective actions including community-oriented educational campaigns to improve "medicine use" in the society.

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional

Fulltext Animal studies on male fertility enhancing properties of plants in Malaysia: a review of the past 16 years

Redzuan Nul Hakim Abdul Razak, Muhammad Lokman Md Isa, Hussin Muhammad, Roszaman Ramli

International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2017;1(2):44-55.

MyJurnal

For centuries, people have been practising phytomedicine in treating ailments or reducing risk of suffering certain diseases. It is considered as a part of an ancient medicine with interest in it becomes rapidly escalating in this modern era. Expansive and prescribed medicine is not the only true path to treat various illnesses. Without disclaiming the modern medicine, herbs can be used as an alternative or a combined therapy with conventional medication. Phytomedicine or ethnomedicine is not a new
field in the world of research. It has been started long ago since the ancient times. As we realized the expensive modern medication is not the only mean to treat illness, interest in the discovery of remedy through natural or conventional products has become more escalating. (Copied from article)

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional

Fulltext Annonaceae: Breaking the Wall of Inflammation

Attiq A, Jalil J, Husain K

Front Pharmacol, 2017;8:752.

PMID: 29104539 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00752

Inventories of tropical forests have listed Annonaceae as one of the most diverse plant families. For centuries, it is employed in traditional medicines to cure various pathological conditions including snakebite, analgesic, astringent, diarrhea, dysentery, arthritis pain, rheumatism, neuralgia, and weight loss etc. Phytochemical analysis of Annonaceae family have reported the occurrence of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, diterpenes and diterpene flavone glycosides, sterols, lignans, and annonaceous acetogenin characteristically affiliated with Annonaceae sp. Numerous past studies have underlined the pleotropic pharmacological activities of the crude extracts and isolated compounds from Annonaceae species. This review is an effort to abridge the ethnobotany, morphology, phytochemistry, toxicity, and particularly focusing on the anti-inflammatory activity of the Annonaceae species.

Matched MeSH terms: Medicine, Traditional

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