Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 92 in total

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  1. Fulltext Review of stem cell deregulation and breast cancer: an emerging hypothesis
    Kumar DH, Kutty MK
    Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 2012 Apr-Jun;55(2):147-53.
    PMID: 22771633 DOI: 10.4103/0377-4929.97842
    Cancer is fundamentally a cellular genetic disease capable of transferring the "disease" to the next generation of mutated cells. Similar proliferative and information transferring capacity exists in the stem cells of various organ systems in the human body. Understanding the bio-mechanism of stem cell metabolism and its regulation by signaling molecules and extracellular micro-environment is an important step toward successful prevention and treatment of cancer. According to the cancer stem cell hypothesis, both hereditary and sporadic cancers can arise from deregulation of these cancer stem cells (CSCs), triggered by genetic and environmental factors. It is shown that deregulation of normal self-renewal pathways in undifferentiated breast stem cells or progenitor cells had altered mammary system or progenitor cells, resulting in abnormally differentiated cells in human and rodent breast cancer cell lines. Breakthroughs in molecular pathways have important therapeutic implications. Hence, significant stress is laid on targeting signaling molecules and their micromilieu in breast cancer therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology*
  2. Barriers to participation in a randomized controlled trial of Qigong exercises amongst cancer survivors: lessons learnt
    Loh SY, Lee SY, Quek KF, Murray L
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012;13(12):6337-42.
    PMID: 23464455
    BACKGROUND: Clinical trials on cancer subjects have one of the highest dropout rates. Barriers to recruitment range from patient-related, through institutional-related to staff-related factors. This paper highlights the low response rate and the recruitment barriers faced in our Qigong exercises trial.

    MATERIALS AND METHOD: The Qigong trial is a three-arm trial with a priori power size of 114 patients for 80% power. The University Malaya Medical Centre database showed a total of 1,933 patients from 2006-2010 and 751 patients met our inclusion criteria. These patients were approached via telephone interview. 131 out of 197 patients attended the trial and the final response rate was 48% (n=95/197).

    RESULTS: Multiple barriers were identified, and were regrouped as patient- related, clinician-related and/or institutional related. A major consistent barrier was logistic difficulty related to transportation and car parking at the Medical Centre. conclusions: All clinical trials must pay considerable attention to the recruitment process and it should even be piloted to identify potential barriers and facilitators to reduce attrition rate in trials.

    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/physiopathology*
  3. Fulltext A patient with nodular skin swelling
    Khajotia R, Raman S, Rajadurai P, Yaacob W
    Aust Fam Physician, 2010 Apr;39(4):219-20.
    PMID: 20372682
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin Neoplasms/physiopathology
  4. Fulltext p63 as a complimentary basal cell specific marker to high molecular weight-cytokeratin in distinguishing prostatic carcinoma from benign prostatic lesions
    Shiran MS, Tan GC, Sabariah AR, Rampal L, Phang KS
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Mar;62(1):36-9.
    PMID: 17682568 MyJurnal
    The diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma (Pca) on routine biopsies may be challenging, and to date the commonly used marker to distinguish prostate carcinoma from benign prostatic lesions has been High Molecular Weight-Cytokeratin (HMW-CK). However, the antigen of HMW-CK is susceptible to the effect of formalin fixation and causes frequent loss or patchy staining in the obviously benign glands. More recently, antibodies to p63 have been reported to be more sensitive than HMW-CK for the detection of prostatic basal cells. p63, a homologue of tumour suppressor gene p53, is essential for prostate development and is selectively expressed in the nuclei of basal cells of normal prostate glands. The objective of this study is to compare the sensitivity and specificity of HMW-CK and p63 in distinguishing prostatic carcinomas from benign prostatic lesions, as well as determining their positive predictive values. Seventy-two cases from HUKM (comprising 29 prostatic carcinomas and 43 benign prostatic hyperplasias) were stained for both HMW-CK and p63. The sensitivity of p63 and HMW-CK in identifying basal cells in benign glands was 88.37% and 90.70% respectively. The specificity of both reagents was 100%, and the positive predictive value for both reagents was also 100%. Thus, p63 is a useful complementary basal cell specific stain to HMW-CK, and would be very helpful to practicing pathologists in dealing with difficult cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prostatic Neoplasms/physiopathology
  5. Fulltext Survivin expression correlates with unfavourable prognoses in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast
    Al-Joudi FS, Iskandar ZA, Imran AK
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Mar;62(1):6-8.
    PMID: 17682561 MyJurnal
    Survivin is a 16.5-kDa intracellular protein also known as AP14 or BIRC5. It inhibits apoptosis and regulates cell division and belongs to the inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) gene family. In the majority of neoplasms investigated for survivin expression, high levels of the IAP proteins were predictive of tumour progression, either in terms of disease-free survival or overall survival, thus providing significant prognostic information. Hence, the prognostic value of survivin expression in tumour masses of invasive ductal carcinoma has been investigated. It was found that negative and low expression of survivin correlated significantly with favourable outcomes. Conversely, high expression correlated with unfavourable outcomes. The five-year survival rate was higher among the cases with low and negative survivin expression, compared to those with higher survivin expression. However, this correlation was found to be insignificant statistically. Furthermore, a statistical model has been devised to explain the combined effects of survivin expression and its sub-cellular localisation, p-53 expression and lymph nodal involvement, on the outcomes of these patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology*
  6. Fulltext Serum cancer antigen 125 in patients with pleural effusions
    How SH, Liam CK, Jamalludin AR, Chin SP, Zal AB
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Dec;61(5):558-63.
    PMID: 17623956 MyJurnal
    We studied the prevalence of raised serum CA125 in patients with pleural effusions and explored factors affecting its level. Sixty four patients with benign effusions and 36 patients with malignant effusions admitted to the University Malaya Medical Centre from May 2001 to January 2002 were included in the study. There were no significant differences in age, gender and ethnicity of the patients with benign and malignant effusions. There was also no difference in the frequency of the side of pleural effusion between the two groups but compared to benign effusions, a higher proportion of malignant effusions was moderate to large in size (66% versus 39%, p = 0.011). Serum CA125 levels were above 35U/dL in 83.3% and 78.1% of patients with malignant and benign effusions, respectively (p = 0.532). All patients with underlying malignancy and 95.3% of patients with benign effusions had pleural fluid CA125 levels above 35U/dL (p = 0.187). The median levels of CA125 were higher in the pleural fluid than in the serum in all aetiological groups. Higher serum CA125 levels were more likely to be found in patients with moderate to large effusions (p = 0.015), malignant effusions (p = 0.001) and in female patients (0.016). Serum CA125 level showed significant correlation with pleural fluid CA125 level (r = 0.532, p < 0.001) but not with pleural fluid total white blood cell count (r = -0.092, p = 0.362), red blood cell count (r = -0.082, p = 0.417) and lactate dehydrogenase level (r = 0.062, p = 0.541). We conclude that serum CA125 is commonly elevated in patients with benign and malignant pleural effusions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/physiopathology
  7. Fulltext Inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects of Newcastle disease virus strain AF2240 on mammary carcinoma cell line
    Ahmad U, Ahmed I, Keong YY, Abd Manan N, Othman F
    Biomed Res Int, 2015;2015:127828.
    PMID: 25821783 DOI: 10.1155/2015/127828
    Breast cancer is the malignant tumour that developed from cells of the breast and is the first leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are the available treatments for breast cancer, but these were reported to have side effects. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) known as Avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV1) belongs to the genus Avulavirus in a family Paramyxoviridae. NDV is shown to be a promising anticancer agent, killing tumour cells while sparing normal cells unharmed. In this study, the oncolytic and cytotoxic activities of NDV AF2240 strain were evaluated on MDA-MB-231, human mammary carcinoma cell line, using MTT assay, and its inhibitory effects were further studied using proliferation and migration assays. Morphological and apoptotic-inducing effects of NDV on MD-MB-231 cells were observed using phase contrast and fluorescence microscopes. Detection of DNA fragmentation was done following terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated Br-dUTP nick end labeling staining (TUNEL) assay, which confirmed that the mode of death was through apoptosis and was quantified by flow cytometry. Furthermore, analysis of cellular DNA content demonstrated that the virus caused an increase in the sub-G1 phase (apoptotic peak) of the cell cycle. It appears that NDV AF2240 strain is a potent anticancer agent that induced apoptosis in time-dependent manner.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology*
  8. Fulltext Neurological recovery following posterior decompression of spinal secondaries
    Razak M, Sappani K
    Med J Malaysia, 1998 Sep;53 Suppl A:6-11.
    PMID: 10968177
    This is a retrospective study comprising 45 patients who underwent decompressive laminectomy due to secondary malignancy in the spine. There were 31 males and 14 females. Two of them had no weakness, one was treated for radicular pain and the other for severe intractable back pain. Forty-three patients presented with weakness of the limb of which six patients were able to walk unaided, four with an aid, twenty four were unable to walk of which eleven of them were completely paralysed. Nineteen of the patients had urinary incontinence. Out of 10 patients in Frankel's D, 3 of them regained almost normal power post operatively and were able to walk without any aids at the time of discharge. There were 6 patients in Frankel's C and 2 improved. Of 17 patients in Frankel's B, 6 of them improved and were able to walk with walking aids. Only one out of ten patient from Frankel's A had showed an improvement. A total of three patients deteriorated post operatively and all of them presented with multiple level involvement. There was no change in the post operative status of the two patients who did not have weakness. Overall only 27% of the patient showed improvement following decompressive laminectomy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Neoplasms/physiopathology
  9. Fulltext COX-2 inhibitors: a potential target for drug therapy in the management of colorectal cancer
    Ryan ARA, Rosita ARA, Kamarul AK, Qureshi A
    Med J Malaysia, 1999 Sep;54(3):293-5.
    PMID: 11045053
    Colorectal cancer is currently the third most common cancer in Malaysia. Elevated expression of COX-2, an induced cyclooxygenase isoenzyme, has been seen in colonic adenomas and colorectal carcinoma. There is evidence that inhibition of this COX-2 can decrease the risk of colorectal cancer. Selective COX-2 inhibitors may have a role in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer in high-risk individuals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colorectal Neoplasms/physiopathology
  10. Multiple system Erdheim-Chester disease with massive hypothalamic-sellar involvement and hypopituitarism
    Oweity T, Scheithauer BW, Ching HS, Lei C, Wong KP
    J. Neurosurg., 2002 Feb;96(2):344-51.
    PMID: 11838810
    Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare multiple system histiocytosis that is characterized pathologically by xanthogranulomatous infiltrates and radiologically by symmetrical sclerosis of long bones. The diagnosis is often confirmed by biopsy of bone or of orbital or retroperitoneal soft tissue. Intracranial involvement is rare. The authors report a case of ECD in which the diagnosis was made after biopsy of a hypothalamic mass. The mass had been discovered during a workup for panhypopituitarism in a 55-year-old man with urological and bone disease. Aside from diabetes insipidus, other features of pituitary insufficiency have seldom been reported and no patients have presented with a hypothalamic tumor. The endocrinological and neurological aspects of ECD are discussed, as is its differential diagnosis. Reported cases of the disorder associated with hypopituitarism or found during biopsy of central nervous system structures are also reviewed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypothalamic Neoplasms/physiopathology
  11. Quality of life in breast cancer patients: validation of a FACT-B Malayalam version
    Pandey M, Thomas BC, Ramdas K, Eremenco S, Nair MK
    Qual Life Res, 2002 Mar;11(2):87-90.
    PMID: 12018741
    BACKGROUND: Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of cancer have led to an increase in cancer survival, and hence, there is a greater emphasis on quality beside quantity of survival. Developing countries too have begun to recognize the need for monitoring quality of life (QOL). However, in most of the developing countries, a validated and reliable tool for the purpose is yet to be realized.

    MATERIAL AND METHOD: The functional assessment of chronic illness therapy (FACIT) system is a collection of QOL questionnaires targeted to measure QOL in chronic illness. The functional assessment of cancer therapy for breast cancer (FACT-B) was translated into the local language (Malayalam) and tested for validity and reliability.

    RESULTS: The tool thus developed showed substantial sensitivity, as does the source tool. The Cronbach's alpha for the total FACT-B was 0.87, which is similar to the alpha of 0.9 observed in the FACT-B English version. The mean FACT-B score was 94.3 compared to 112.8 for the source tool.

    CONCLUSION: The Malayalam translation of the FACT-B questionnaire was developed, tested and validated, and was found satisfactory in comparison to the source tool.

    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology*
  12. Delayed post-irradiation bulbar palsy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Chew NK, Sim BF, Tan CT, Goh KJ, Ramli N, Umapathi P
    Neurology, 2001 Aug 14;57(3):529-31.
    PMID: 11502928
    In a hospital series of 70 patients on follow-up after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 14 patients (20%) developed delayed post-irradiation bulbar palsy 1 to 18 years after radiotherapy (mean 5.5 years). Functional disability was moderate to severe. Three patients had aspiration pneumonia with one mortality. Post-irradiation bulbar palsy was a common complication and probably resulted from direct neuronal damage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/physiopathology
  13. Fulltext Nutritional aspects of changes in disease patterns in the Western Pacific region
    Cavalli-Sforza LT, Rosman A, de Boer AS, Darnton-Hill I
    Bull World Health Organ, 1996;74(3):307-18.
    PMID: 8789929
    One impact of socioeconomic progress on populations has been to reduce the number of cases due to diseases of undernutrition and microbial contamination of food, which affected mostly infants and young children, and to increase those due to diseases of excessive food consumption, which are affecting adults and a growing number of children. This article reviews the main dietary factors which have an influence on cardiovascular disease and cancer, and discusses the link between economic development and increased rates of chronic diseases. There is evidence that the noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors have risen rapidly in countries of the WHO Western Pacific Region. Data from 29 countries and areas in the region indicate that 70% of them show lifestyle diseases in three or more of the top five causes of death. While public health measures have been implemented by some countries to prevent and control nutrition-related chronic diseases, further action is needed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/physiopathology
  14. Melatonin, environmental light, and breast cancer
    Srinivasan V, Spence DW, Pandi-Perumal SR, Trakht I, Esquifino AI, Cardinali DP, et al.
    Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2008 Apr;108(3):339-50.
    PMID: 17541739
    Although many factors have been suggested as causes for breast cancer, the increased incidence of the disease seen in women working in night shifts led to the hypothesis that the suppression of melatonin by light or melatonin deficiency plays a major role in cancer development. Studies on the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea experimental models of human breast cancer indicate that melatonin is effective in reducing cancer development. In vitro studies in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line have shown that melatonin exerts its anticarcinogenic actions through a variety of mechanisms, and that it is most effective in estrogen receptor (ER) alpha-positive breast cancer cells. Melatonin suppresses ER gene, modulates several estrogen dependent regulatory proteins and pro-oncogenes, inhibits cell proliferation, and impairs the metastatic capacity of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. The anticarcinogenic action on MCF-7 cells has been demonstrated at the physiological concentrations of melatonin attained at night, suggesting thereby that melatonin acts like an endogenous antiestrogen. Melatonin also decreases the formation of estrogens from androgens via aromatase inhibition. Circulating melatonin levels are abnormally low in ER-positive breast cancer patients thereby supporting the melatonin hypothesis for breast cancer in shift working women. It has been postulated that enhanced endogenous melatonin secretion is responsible for the beneficial effects of meditation as a form of psychosocial intervention that helps breast cancer patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology*
  15. The Effect of 20-Minute Mindful Breathing on the Rapid Reduction of Dyspnea at Rest in Patients With Lung Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    Tan SB, Liam CK, Pang YK, Leh-Ching Ng D, Wong TS, Wei-Shen Khoo K, et al.
    J Pain Symptom Manage, 2019 04;57(4):802-808.
    PMID: 30684635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.01.009
    CONTEXT: Dyspnea is a common and distressing symptom in respiratory diseases. Despite advances in the treatment of various lung diseases, the treatment modalities for dyspnea remain limited.

    OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine the effect of 20-minute mindful breathing on the rapid reduction of dyspnea at rest in patients with lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma.

    METHODS: We conducted a parallel-group, nonblinded, randomized controlled trial of standard care plus 20-minute mindful breathing vs. standard care alone for patients with moderate to severe dyspnea due to lung disease, named previously, at the respiratory unit of University Malaya Medical Centre in Malaysia, from August 1, 2017, to March 31, 2018.

    RESULTS: Sixty-three participants were randomly assigned to standard care plus a 20-minute mindful breathing session (n = 32) or standard care alone (n = 31), with no difference in their demographic and clinical characteristics. There was statistically significant reduction in dyspnea in the mindful breathing group compared with the control group at minute 5 (U = 233.5, n1 = 32, n2 = 31, mean rank1 = 23.28, mean rank2 = 37.72, z = -3.574, P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/physiopathology*
  16. Fulltext The Psychometric Properties of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) for Iranian Cancer Patients
    Sharif Nia H, Rezapour M, Allen KA, Pahlevan Sharif S, Jafari A, Torkmandi H, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2019 09 01;20(9):2803-2809.
    PMID: 31554380 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.9.2803
    Objectives: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was specifically created to assess
    depression in cancer patients. However, to date, the CES-D has not been validated in Farsi. Therefore, this study aimed to
    assess the psychometric properties of the CES-D in Iranian cancer patients. Methods: During a three-month period
    (October to December, 2015), a total of 380 cancer patients completed a Farsi version of the CES-D. The construct
    validity of the scale was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha
    and McDonald Omega. All of the statistical procedure were run by SPSS 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results:
    The construct validity of the CES-D determined three factors (somatic affect, negative affect, and positive affect),
    which explained 65.60% of the total variance. The internal consistency was greater than 0.70. Conclusion: Findings
    revealed that the Farsi version of the CES-D has acceptable validity and reliability, which can be used to measure
    depression in Iranian cancer patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/physiopathology
  17. Fulltext Assessing the resting energy expenditure of cancer patients in the Penang General Hospital
    Khor SM, Mohd BB
    Malays J Nutr, 2011 Apr;17(1):43-53.
    PMID: 22135864 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition is common in cancer patients. Generally, it is believed that the resting energy expenditure (REE) is elevated in cancer patients and this contributes to the development of malnutrition. Thus, to be able to assess the REE is important in planning adequate nutrition support.
    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the REE in patients with solid tumour (n=25), leukemia (n=25) and healthy subjects (n=50) by using the indirect calorimetry method under standard conditions.
    RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the measured REE among patients with solid tumour, leukemia and the control group (p=0.534). By contrast, there was a significant difference between the REE/kg FFM in solid tumour patients compared to the leukemia group and the healthy subjects, (p=0.049 and p=0.002). The REE derived from the Harris Benedict Equation was found to be significantly higher than the measured REE. The stress factor for patients with solid tumour was 1.35 and that for leukemia patients was 1.36.
    CONCLUSION: The REE/kg FFM in the cancer patients undergoing anticancer therapy appeared to be higher than expected compared to healthy subjects. The Harris Benedict Equation (HBE) was found to over-estimate the REE of cancer patients in the study. As the total energy expenditure (TEE) is estimated by multiplying the REE with the stress factor and physical activity factor, the overestimated REE from HBE will further increase the risk of overfeeding in this population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/physiopathology*
  18. Fulltext Two Sides of the Same Coin: The Roles of KLF6 in Physiology and Pathophysiology
    Syafruddin SE, Mohtar MA, Wan Mohamad Nazarie WF, Low TY
    Biomolecules, 2020 09 28;10(10).
    PMID: 32998281 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101378
    The Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) family of proteins control several key biological processes that include proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, apoptosis and inflammation. Dysregulation of KLF functions have been shown to disrupt cellular homeostasis and contribute to disease development. KLF6 is a relevant example; a range of functional and expression assays suggested that the dysregulation of KLF6 contributes to the onset of cancer, inflammation-associated diseases as well as cardiovascular diseases. KLF6 expression is either suppressed or elevated depending on the disease, and this is largely due to alternative splicing events producing KLF6 isoforms with specialised functions. Hence, the aim of this review is to discuss the known aspects of KLF6 biology that covers the gene and protein architecture, gene regulation, post-translational modifications and functions of KLF6 in health and diseases. We put special emphasis on the equivocal roles of its full-length and spliced variants. We also deliberate on the therapeutic strategies of KLF6 and its associated signalling pathways. Finally, we provide compelling basic and clinical questions to enhance the knowledge and research on elucidating the roles of KLF6 in physiological and pathophysiological processes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/physiopathology*
  19. Lifetime Physical Activity and Breast Cancer: a Case-Control Study in Kelantan, Malaysia
    Yen SH, Knight A, Krishna M, Muda W, Rufai A
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2016;17(8):4083-8.
    PMID: 27644665
    BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity has been identified as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality and is associated with increased breast cancer diagnosis and recurrence.

    PURPOSE: To examine the association between adult lifetime physical activity and breast cancer risk in a case-control analysis.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved 122 cases of breast cancer and 121 controls in the state of Kelantan in Malaysia. A comprehensive measure of lifetime physical activity was used to assess occupational, household, and recreational/sports activity. For every type of activity, a metabolic equivalent (MET) score was assigned using the compendium of physical activities. MET-hours/week per year for all types of activities at different levels of intensities for different age groups were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios between various measures of physical activity and breast cancer risk.

    CONCLUSIONS: The mean MET-hours/week per year for all activities were 120.0 and 132.9 of MET-hours/week per year for cases and controls respectively. Household activities accounted for about 70% of the total lifetime physical activities. Only about 2.5% of the total lifetime physical activities were in the form of recreational/sports. This study found no association between lifetime occupational and recreational/sports physical activities with breast cancer risk among Kelantanese women. However, higher intensity lifetime household activities seemed to significantly reduce risk of breast cancer.

    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology*
  20. Fulltext Round Randomized Learning Vector Quantization for Brain Tumor Imaging
    Sheikh Abdullah SN, Bohani FA, Nayef BH, Sahran S, Al Akash O, Iqbal Hussain R, et al.
    Comput Math Methods Med, 2016;2016:8603609.
    PMID: 27516807 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8603609
    Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) classification into normal and abnormal is a critical and challenging task. Owing to that, several medical imaging classification techniques have been devised in which Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) is amongst the potential. The main goal of this paper is to enhance the performance of LVQ technique in order to gain higher accuracy detection for brain tumor in MRIs. The classical way of selecting the winner code vector in LVQ is to measure the distance between the input vector and the codebook vectors using Euclidean distance function. In order to improve the winner selection technique, round off function is employed along with the Euclidean distance function. Moreover, in competitive learning classifiers, the fitting model is highly dependent on the class distribution. Therefore this paper proposed a multiresampling technique for which better class distribution can be achieved. This multiresampling is executed by using random selection via preclassification. The test data sample used are the brain tumor magnetic resonance images collected from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center and UCI benchmark data sets. Comparative studies showed that the proposed methods with promising results are LVQ1, Multipass LVQ, Hierarchical LVQ, Multilayer Perceptron, and Radial Basis Function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain Neoplasms/physiopathology
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