MyMedR

New admissions to Woodbridge Hospital 1975 with special reference to schizophrenia

Tsoi WF, Chen AJ

Ann Acad Med Singap, 1979 Jul;8(3):275-9.

Woodbrige Hospital had 2,257 patients in 1975. Of these 75 percent were suffering from Schizophrenia. This pattern was similar to that of developing countries like Padistan and Malaya. A study was carried out on all new admissions in 1975. There were 1,068 patients whose age ranged from 10 to 89. Schizophrenia which constituted 62% of the cases was analysed in detail. They were mainly in the age range 10-29 (64%). The sex ratio was 3 males to 2 females. Their distribution by their type of housing was similar to that of the general populations. They were better educated. The most common presentation were reports of aggressive, violent, disturbed, abnormal or withdrawn behaviour. The 10 most common symptoms were paranoid ideas, hearing of voices, talking to oneself, insomnia, aggression, abnormal behaviour, laughing to oneself, disturbed behaviour, crying to oneself and withdrawn behaviour. The most common drugs used were trifluoperazine (47%) and chlorpromazine (45%). Electroconvulsive therapy was given to 25% of the patients. Most of the patients (63%) stayed less than 20 days.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/diagnosis; Schizophrenia/drug therapy; Schizophrenia/epidemiology*; Schizophrenia, Childhood/epidemiology*

Fulltext Effective implementation of a structured psychoeducation programme among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in the community

Paranthaman V, Satnam K, Lim JL, Amar-Singh HS, Sararaks S, Nafiza MN, et al.

Asian J Psychiatr, 2010 Dec;3(4):206-12.

PMID: 23050889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2010.07.002

Background: Psychoeducation has shown promising benefits in managing patients with schizophrenia. In Malaysia, the use of psychoeducation is rather limited and its impact indeterminate.
Aims: To assess the effectiveness of a structured psychoeducation programme for the community in improving caregiver knowledge, decreasing caregivers’ burden, reducing patients’ readmission and defaulter follow up rates.
Method: In a controlled interventional study, 109 caregivers were included, 54 and 55 in the intervention and control groups respectively. Caregivers were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months post-intervention for knowledge and burden. Patients were monitored for relapse and defaulting follow up in the clinic.
Results: Caregivers in the intervention group showed significant improvement in knowledge, reduction in burden in assistance in daily living (severity) and a reduced defaulter rate was seen in the patients’ follow up.
Conclusion: The findings shows that structured psychoeducation programme among caregivers has the potential to improve outcome of care for patients with schizophrenia.
Keywords: Schizophrenia; Psychoeducation; Community; Caregiver Questionnaire: Family Burden Interview Schedule–Short Form (FBIS/SF)

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia*

Fulltext Depressive disorders and family functioning among the caregivers of patients with schizophrenia

Osman CB, Alipah B, Tutiiryani MD, Ainsah O

East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 2010 Sep;20(3):101-8.

PMID: 22348863

Objective: To determine the prevalence of depressive disorders among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia, its association with patient’s and caregiver’s socio-demographic characteristics and family functioning.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia at the outpatient clinic, Hospital Permai Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The study was conducted between August and October 2008. A total of 243 caregivers who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled, of whom 232 completed the self-administered socio-demographic questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30) and the McMaster Family Assessment Device. A total of 33 caregivers with the GHQ-30 cut-off point of 7/8 were assessed further by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to diagnose depressive disorder.
Results: The prevalence of psychological distress in our study sample was 14% (n = 33) and that of depressive disorders was 6% (n = 14). There was no association between patients’ and caregivers’ sociodemographic characteristics with depressive disorders, but there were significant associations between depressive disorders and family functioning dimensions in terms of Communication and Roles.
Conclusion: Although the causal link was not established, the results suggested that depression had a significant association with family functioning among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.
Key words: Caregivers; Depressive disorder; Schizophrenia

Study site: outpatient clinic, Hospital Permai Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia*

Fulltext A psychiatric rating scale for schizophrenia in Singapore (Woodbridge Hospital rating scale for schizophrenia)

Tsoi WF, Kua EH

Med J Malaysia, 1982 Dec;37(4):300-5.

PMID: 7167079

This scale is constructed to meet the need for an efficient, rapid and economical method of
measuring change in schizophrenic patients during the course of psychotropic medication (drug trial) in a multi-cultural, multi-lingual population of low educational level. Items are included only if (1) they can be elicited objectively, (2) they are important symptoms of schizophrenia and (3) they are frequent maniJestatz'on of the schizophrenic syndrome as recorded in Woodbridge Hospital. It could be used by a single rater but its reliability should be further improved if two raters are involved.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/diagnosis*

Fulltext Hyperthyroid psychosis

Kua EH

Med J Malaysia, 1982 Mar;37(1):60-1.

PMID: 7121348

Thyrotoxic psychosis is an uncommon phenomenon and the presentation is usually of the affective disorders. Three cases manifesting psychotic symptoms akin to schizophrenia are described. The neurobiocheinistry and treatment are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/etiology*

Fulltext Erotomania: two case reports

Loke KH

Med J Malaysia, 1984 Dec;39(4):292-6.

PMID: 6544936

Delusions are common among psychiatric patients. Delusions of passion can be very systematised and, at the same time, incredible. The delusions can remain fixed for a long time and treatment is usually not satisfactory. One of the exotic and rare psychiatric conditions is de Clerarnbault's Syndrome and the main feature is a pure erotomania. This condition defies satisfactory classification in the current ICD-IX and DSM-III, and remains as one of the most difficult to treat and troublesome syndromes. Two patients who developed the symptoms of erotomania were treated by the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur in 1982-1983. One had the primary erotomania of de Clerambaults syndrome while the other suffered from erotomania as a secondary symptom which was part of the symptomatology of her primary illness of schizophrenia. Their case histories and the current western concepts on erotomania were described.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia, Paranoid/complications

Temporary remission of tardive dystonia following electroconvulsive therapy

Adityanjee, Jayaswal SK, Chan TM, Subramaniam M

Br J Psychiatry, 1990 Mar;156:433-5.

PMID: 2346849

An improvement in tardive dystonia in a patient who had received ECT for a schizophrenic psychosis is reported. The improvement suggests that the pathophysiology of tardive dystonia may involve neurotransmitter receptor changes similar to those seen in schizophrenia.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy

Schizophrenia and academic performance

Kadri ZN

Med J Malaysia, 1975 Jun;29(4):250-7.

PMID: 1196173

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology*

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of psychoeducation interventions for patients diagnosed with schizophrenia

Alhadidi MM, Lim Abdullah K, Yoong TL, Al Hadid L, Danaee M

Int J Soc Psychiatry, 2020 09;66(6):542-552.

PMID: 32507073 DOI: 10.1177/0020764020919475

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is one of the most complicated psychiatric disorders, and, although medication therapy continues to be the core treatment for schizophrenia, there is a need for psychotherapy that helps in providing patients comprehensive mental health care. Psychoeducation is one of the most recognized psychosocial interventions specific to schizophrenia. Further knowledge about the impact of this type of intervention on patients diagnosed with schizophrenia needs to be acquired.

AIM: This review aimed to explore the effects of psychoeducational interventions on improving outcome measures for patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.

METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline was used in this systematic review. Two reviewers were involved in screening articles for inclusion and in the data extraction process. The selected studies were assessed for quality using the 'Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trial (CONSORT)' checklist. Out of the 441 records identified, 11 papers were considered for full review (from 2000 to 2018).

RESULTS: The psychoeducational interventions showed a consistent improvement in many outcome measures. Most of the reviewed studies focused on outpatients and the method of delivering the psychoeducational interventions was mostly in lecture format.

CONCLUSION: This systematic review of randomized controlled trial studies emphasizes the positive impact of psychoeducational interventions for patients diagnosed with schizophrenia concerning various outcome measures. The findings of this review have important implications for both nursing practice and research, as the information presented can be used by the administrators and stakeholders of mental health facilities to increase their understanding and awareness of the importance of integrating psychoeducational interventions in the routine care of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia*

Depressive illness in private practice

Hock CB

Med J Malaya, 1971 Sep;26(1):34-41.

PMID: 4258573

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/epidemiology

Full coma insulin therapy, chlorpromazine and electroconvulsive treatment: a control study of 600 schizophrenic patients

TASSIS JA

Med J Malaya, 1959 Dec;14:135-43.

PMID: 13837016

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy*

Five years of insulin shock therapy of schizophrenia in Singapore; a review

BROWNE J

Med J Malaya, 1954 Dec;9(2):99-114.

PMID: 14355274

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy*

Analysis of variants of AKT1 in schizophrenia multiplex families

Chow TJ, Tee SF, Loh SY, Yong HS, Abu Bakar AK, Tang PY

Asian J Psychiatr, 2020 Mar;49:101957.

PMID: 32078952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101957

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/genetics*

Social anhedonia in Malaysian schizophrenia patients and healthy participants

Balasingam K, Kanagasundram S, Ann AYH, Kasmuri K, Gooding DC

Asian J Psychiatr, 2023 Jan;79:103350.

PMID: 36462388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103350

The reduced capacity for social and interpersonal interactions, social anhedonia, is an important aspect of various psychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The goal of the present study was to validate a Malay translation of the adult version of the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS; Gooding and Pflum, 2014), a relatively short and easy to administer indirect measure of social anhedonia. This cross-sectional study included 95 (47 male, 48 female) schizophrenia patients and 300 (77 male, 223 female) healthy subjects. Participants were given Malay versions of the ACIPS, Snaith Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS-M), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-M). The ACIPS exhibited good internal consistency (Ordinal alpha = 0.966). Total ACIPS scores were inversely correlated with the BDI-M scores, and positively correlated with total SHAPS-M scores. Factor analysis yielded a three-factor solution which accounted for 52.06% of the variance. As expected, the schizophrenia patients scored significantly lower than the healthy community participants on the ACIPS, t(130) = 4.26, p

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia*

Fulltext Polypharmacy in the management of patients with schizophrenia on risperidone in a tertiary-care hospital in Malaysia

Jacob S, Ibrahim MM, Mohammed F

Ment Health Fam Med, 2013 Jan;10(1):37-43.

PMID: 24381653

The present study was conducted primarily to determine the occurrence of polypharmacy in patients with schizophrenia on risperidone. The secondary aim was to ascertain the incidence of inappropriate prescribing with anticholinergics. A retrospective review of the medical records of all patients who were being followed up at the out-patient clinic of a tertiary-care hospital in Malaysia was conducted. Only patients who were being prescribed risperidone between 1 June 2008 and 31 December 2008 were included in the study. Demographic data such as patient's age, gender and race were obtained from the patient's medical records. In total, 113 patients met the selection criteria. Polypharmacy was found to occur in 34 patients (30.09%), with the majority (76.47%) being on two antipsychotics. In total, 27 patients (34.18%) on monotherapy with risperidone were prescribed an anticholinergic on scheduled dosing, while 19 patients (24.05%) were prescribed it on an as-needed basis. Of the patients on polypharmacy, 26 (76.47%) were on scheduled dosing of anticholinergics, while three (8.82%) were taking the medication on an as-needed basis. Polypharmacy should be avoided, and the use of anticholinergics should be closely reviewed. By adopting more efficient prescribing practices, costs can be reduced and financial resources can instead be channelled towards more beneficial areas for the patients.
Study site: Psychiatric clinic, tertiary hospital, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia*

Refining clinical phenotypes by contrasting ethnically different populations with schizophrenia from Australia, India and Sarawak

McLean D, John S, Barrett R, McGrath J, Loa P, Thara R, et al.

Psychiatry Res, 2012 Apr 30;196(2-3):194-200.

PMID: 22401968 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.12.027

We contrasted demographic and clinical characteristics in transethnic schizophrenia populations from Australia (n=821), India (n=520) and Sarawak, Malaysia (n=298) and proposed cultural explanations for identified site differences. From these we aimed to identify candidate variables free from significant cultural confounding that are hence suitable for inclusion in genetic analyses. We observed five phenomena: (1) more individuals were living alone in Australia than India or Sarawak; (2) drug use was lower in India than Australia or Sarawak; (3) duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) was longer in India than Australia or Sarawak; (4) the rate of schizoaffective disorder was lower in India than Australia or Sarawak; and (5) age at psychosis onset (AAO) was older in Sarawak than Australia or India. We suggest that site differences for living arrangements, drug use and DUP are culturally confounded. The schizoaffective site difference likely results from measurement bias. The AAO site difference, however, has no obvious cultural or measurement bias explanation. Therefore, this may be an ideal candidate for use in genetic studies, given that genetic variants affecting AAO have already been proposed.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/ethnology*; Schizophrenia/genetics; Schizophrenia/epidemiology*

Fulltext The cost reduction in hospitalization associated with paliperidone palmitate in the People's Republic of China, Korea, and Malaysia

Chiou CF, Wang BC, Caldwell R, Furnback W, Lee JS, Kothandaraman N, et al.

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 2015;11:1989-94.

PMID: 26346330 DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S86722

Schizophrenia results in substantial health care utilization costs. Much of these costs can be attributed to health care use resulting from nonadherence to treatment, relapse, and hospitalization.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia

Genetic Association of TCF4 and AKT1 Gene Variants with the Age at Onset of Schizophrenia

Chow TJ, Tee SF, Yong HS, Tang PY

Neuropsychobiology, 2016;73(4):233-240.

PMID: 27305091

Age at onset (AAO) is a known prognostic indicator for schizophrenia and is hypothesized to correlate with cognition and symptom severity. TCF4 and AKT1 are schizophrenia risk genes involved in cognitive functions. The current study examined the interactive effects of TCF4 and AKT1 variants with gender, family history of psychiatric disorders and ethnicity on the AAO of schizophrenia.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia

Interleukin-2 levels in chronic schizophrenia patients

Mahendran R, Mahendran R, Chan YH

Ann Acad Med Singap, 2004 May;33(3):320-3.

PMID: 15175772

INTRODUCTION: Most research in interleukin activity in schizophrenia has been in Caucasian populations. We examined interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels and their relation to the duration of the illness, psychopathology and treatment effects, in chronic schizophrenia patients of Asian origin.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty chronic schizophrenia patients were recruited for the study and their demographic data and medication dosage were noted. Symptom severity was scored on the Positive And Negative Syndrome scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) and blood sampling done. Ten healthy Chinese males were recruited as controls. Phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated production of serum levels of IL-2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS: IL-2 levels (1327 +/- 596.2) of all 30 patients were significantly lower than that of the Chinese controls (2420 +/- 342.5). This effect was noted throughout the entire duration of the illness. Ethnic and age differences in IL-2 levels were not found. There was, however, a negative correlation with the duration of the illness and a positive correlation with the dosage of medication.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study of a population of mostly Chinese patients with schizophrenia replicate an important finding. Data such as this has not been reported previously on Asians of this racial group.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/drug therapy; Schizophrenia/ethnology; Schizophrenia/immunology*

Fulltext A case of unrecognized psychogenic polydipsia

Seng-Choi Chong, Normala Ibrahim

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(3):337-339.

MyJurnal

Psychogenic polydipsia is prevalent among people with schizophrenia. Although its pathophysiology is relatively unknown, it causes life threatening complications due to acute or severe hyponatraemia.. This report illustrates a patient with schizophrenia who had unrecognized psychogenic polydipsia and developed severe complication. It also highlights the clinical salience of its management.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia

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