Displaying publications 21 - 35 of 35 in total

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  1. In vivo antitrypanosomal activity of Garcinia hombroniana aqueous extract
    Dyary HO, Arifah AK, Sharma RS, Rasedee A, Mohd Aspollah MS, Zakaria ZA, et al.
    Res Vet Sci, 2015 Jun;100:226-31.
    PMID: 25818171 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.03.007
    The anti-Trypanosoma evansi activity of Garcinia hombroniana (seashore mangosteen) leaves aqueous extract was tested on experimentally infected Sprague-Dawley rats. Treatment of infected rats with G. hombroniana extract resulted in a significantly extended post-infection longevity (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Trypanosoma/drug effects*
  2. Fulltext Molecular detection of Theileria species, Anaplasma species, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, Trypanosoma evansi and first evidence of Theileria sinensis-associated bovine anaemia in crossbred Kedah-Kelantan x Brahman cattle
    Agina OA, Shaari MR, Isa NMM, Ajat M, Zamri-Saad M, Mazlan M, et al.
    BMC Vet Res, 2021 Jul 18;17(1):246.
    PMID: 34275459 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02902-0
    BACKGROUND: Serious disease outbreaks in cattle are usually associated with blood pathogens. This study aims to detect blood pathogens namely Theileria species, Anaplasma species, Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos and Trypanosoma evansi, and determine their phylogenetic relationships and haemato-biochemical abnormalities in naturally infected cattle.

    METHODS: Molecular analysis was achieved by PCR amplification and sequencing of PCR amplicons of 18SrRNA gene of Theileria species, 16SrRNA genes of Anaplasma and Mycoplasma species, MPSP genes of T. orientalis and T. sinensis, MSP4 gene of A. marginale, 16SrRNA gene of Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, and RoTat1.2 VSG gene of Trypanosoma evansi, in sixty-one (61) clinically ill Kedah-Kelantan x Brahman cattle in Pahang, Malaysia.

    RESULTS: A total of 44 (72.13%) cattle were infected with more than one blood pathogen. Theileria species was the blood pathogen with the highest molecular detection rate (72.13, 95% CI 59.83-81.81%). Nucleotide blast analyses of all sequences demonstrated high degree of molecular similarity (98-100%) in comparison with their respective reference sequences. Analysis of 18SrRNA gene sequences of Theileria species and 16SrRNA gene sequences of Anaplasma species revealed Theileria sinensis and Anaplasma platys respectively as additional species detected in these cattle. MPSP-PCR analysis was conducted for further confirmation of T. sinensis. The blood picture of eight infected cattle groups revealed poikilocytosis, anisocytosis, rouleaux formation and degenerative left shift. High mean erythrocyte fragility values were common in infected cattle groups. Anaemia of the macrocytic normochromic type and spherocytes were observed in the T. evansi and Anaplasma platys + Theileria sinensis double species co-infected cattle group. Normocytic normochromic anaemia was observed in the T. sinensis infected cattle group. Significant (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Trypanosoma/genetics; Trypanosoma/isolation & purification
  3. Fulltext First case report on the occurrence of Trypanosoma evansi in a Siam B Mare in Kelantan, Malaysia
    Mohd Rajdi NZI, Mohamad MA, Tan LP, Choong SS, Reduan MFH, Hamdan RH, et al.
    Vet Med Sci, 2021 Mar;7(2):303-309.
    PMID: 33161648 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.379
    This is the first case report for the positive Trypanosoma evansi incident in Kelantan, Malaysia confirmed through protozoa detection in a Siam B mare. The horse was presented with complaints of lethargy and inappetence and it collapsed on the day of visit. Normal saline and dextrose solution were administered intravenously, while multivitamins and nerve supplements were given intramuscularly to stabilise the horse before further treatment. Haematological findings showed normocytic hypochromic anaemia and are suggestive of regenerative anaemia. Thin blood smear and examination revealed the presence of Trypanosoma sp., and it was confirmed as T. evansi through molecular identification. The horse was found dead 2 days after and post-mortem was conducted. Histopathology revealed that the horse had developed a neurological form of the disease, besides the detection of the protozoa in heart, spleen and kidney tissue. This first positive Surra case in Kelantan, Malaysia, that is bordering Thailand confirms the increasing concern of transboundary infections. In conclusion, Surra is a potential emerging disease and should be considered as differential diagnosis in horses with pale mucous membrane. This condition is particularly imperative in horses found in these regions as Surra is endemic.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trypanosoma
  4. Chemotherapy in tropical diseases
    Nocht PB
    Malayan Medical Journal, 1931;6:38-42.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trypanosoma
  5. Inhibitory effects of (+)-spectaline and iso-6-spectaline from Senna spectabilis on the growth and ultrastructure of human-infective species Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense bloodstream form
    Lim KT, Amanah A, Chear NJ, Zahari Z, Zainuddin Z, Adenan MI
    Exp Parasitol, 2018 Jan;184:57-66.
    PMID: 29175017 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.11.007
    In our ongoing work searching for new trypanocidal lead compounds from Malaysian plants, two known piperidine alkaloids (+)-spectaline (1) and iso-6-spectaline (2) were isolated from the leaves of Senna spectabilis (sin. Cassia spectabilis). Analysis of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra showed that 1 and 2 presented analytical and spectroscopic data in full agreement with those published in the literature. All compounds were screened in vitro against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in comparison to the standard drug pentamidine. Compound 1 and 2 inhibited growth of T. b. rhodesiense with an IC50 value of 0.41 ± 0.01 μM and 0.71 ± 0.01 μM, without toxic effect on L6 cells with associated a selectivity index of 134.92 and 123.74, respectively. These data show that piperidine alkaloids constitute a class of natural products that feature a broad spectrum of biological activities, and are potential templates for the development of new trypanocidal drugs. To our knowledge, the compounds are being reported for the first time to have inhibitory effects on T. b. rhodesiense. The ultrastructural alterations in the trypanosome induced by 1 and 2, leading to programmed cell death were characterized using electron microscopy. These alterations include wrinkling of the trypanosome surface, formation of autophagic vacuoles, disorganization of kinetoplast, and swelling of the mitochondria. These findings evidence a possible autophagic cell death.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense/drug effects*; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense/growth & development; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense/ultrastructure
  6. Bioassay-guided isolation of a sesquiterpene lactone of deoxyelephantopin from Elephantopus scaber Linn. active on Trypanosome brucei rhodesience
    Zahari Z, Jani NA, Amanah A, Latif MN, Majid MI, Adenan MI
    Phytomedicine, 2014 Feb 15;21(3):282-5.
    PMID: 24269185 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.09.011
    Methanolic extracts of 70 Malaysia plants were screened for their in vitro antitrypanosomal activity using Trypanosome brucei rhodesience, strain STIB 900 and mouse skeletal cell (L-6) in cytotoxicity activity assay. Results indicated that methanol extract from Elephantopus scaber Linn. (E. scaber) possessed the highest value of antitrypanosomal activity with good selectivity index (antitrypanosomal IC50 of 0.22±0.02 μg/ml, SI value of 204.55). Based on these results, E. scaber was chosen for further study by applying bioassay guided fractionation to isolate its antiprotozoal principle. The antiprotozoal principle was isolated from the ethyl acetate partition through solvent fractionation and crystallization process. The isolated active compound 1 was identified as deoxyelephantopin on the basis of its spectral analysis (FTIR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR).
    Matched MeSH terms: Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense/drug effects*
  7. Outbreaks of trypanosomiasis and the seroprevalence of T. evansi in a deer breeding centre in Perak, Malaysia
    Adrian MS, Sani RA, Hassan L, Wong MT
    Trop Anim Health Prod, 2010 Feb;42(2):145-50.
    PMID: 19642008 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-009-9406-8
    Matched MeSH terms: Trypanosoma/isolation & purification*
  8. Epidemiology of Trypanosoma evansi infection in crossbred dairy cattle in Malaysia
    Cheah TS, Sani RA, Chandrawathani P, Bahri S, Dahlan I
    Trop Anim Health Prod, 1999 Feb;31(1):25-31.
    PMID: 10399814
    An investigation into the epidemiology of Trypansoma evansi infection in crossbred dairy cattle was conducted for a period of 12 months on a dairy cattle farm in Penninsular Malaysia. The prevalence of parasitaemia was highest in lactating animals (13.4%), followed by those in the dry herd (8.8%), late pregnant animals (8.1%), early pregnant animals (4.7%), calves (0.3%) and heifers (0.2%). The prevalence of antigenaemia was highest in the lactating animals (54.7%), followed by that in dry animals (53.7%), heifers (51.1%), late pregnant animals (47.7%), early pregnant animals (46.5%) and calves (24.2%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Trypanosoma/pathogenicity*
  9. Development of an optical biosensor for the detection of Trypanosoma evansi and Plasmodium berghei
    Theint HT, Walsh JE, Wong ST, Voon K, Shitan M
    Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2019 Jul 05;218:348-358.
    PMID: 31026712 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.04.008
    A laboratory prototype system that correlates murine blood absorbance with degree of infection for Plasmodium berghei and Trypanosoma avensi has been designed, constructed and tested. A population (n = 6) of control uninfected, Plasmodium infected and Trypanosoma infected BALB/c mice were developed and spectral absorption measurements pre and post infection were made every 3 days. A fibre optic spectrometer set-up was used as the basis of a laboratory prototype biosensor that uses the Beer Lambert Law to relate Ultraviolet-Visible-Near-infrared absorbance data to changes in murine blood chemistry post infection. Spectral absorption results indicate a statistically relevant correlation at a 650 nm with infection for Plasmodium from between 4 and 7 sampling days' post infection, in spite of significant standard deviations among the sample populations for control and infected mice. No significant spectral absorption change for Trypanosoma infection was been detected from the current data. Corresponding stained slides of control and infected blood at each sampling date were taken with related infected cell counts determined and these correlate well for Plasmodium absorbance at 650 nm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trypanosoma/isolation & purification*
  10. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Trypanosoma evansi infection in horses in Peninsular Malaysia
    Elshafie EI, Sani RA, Hassan L, Sharma R, Bashir A, Abubakar IA
    Res Vet Sci, 2013 Apr;94(2):285-9.
    PMID: 23021152 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.09.004
    A cross-sectional study was designed to assess the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Trypanosoma evansi infection among horses, using a total of 527 blood samples obtained from eight states in Peninsular Malaysia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on risk factors associated with T. evansi seroprevalence. The overall seroprevalence detected by card agglutination test for T. evansi (CATT/T. evansi) was 13.90% (73/527, CI: 11.2-17.1%). Female and exogenous horses showed a higher risk in association with the disease seroprevalence compared to other groups. The majority of the horse owners were not familiar with surra (85.30%). However, most of them were very cautious with the health of their animals. In conclusion, this study showed that T. evansi occurred in low frequency among horses in Peninsular Malaysia, and the good management system adopted by horse owners was probably responsible for the low T. evansi occurrence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trypanosoma/classification*
  11. Ancistrobenomine a, the first naphthylisoquinoline oxygenated at Me-3, and related 5,1'-coupled alkaloids, from the "new" plant species ancistrocladusbenomensis
    Bringmann G, Dreyer M, Rischer H, Wolf K, Hadi HA, Brun R, et al.
    J Nat Prod, 2004 Dec;67(12):2058-62.
    PMID: 15620251
    Three new 5,1'-coupled naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, ancistrobenomine A (1), 6-O-demethylancistrobenomine A (2), and 5'-O-demethylancistrocline (3), have been isolated from the stem bark of a botanically as yet undescribed highland liana Ancistrocladus sp., proposed to be named "A. benomensis" according to the region in Peninsular Malaysia where it has been discovered on the mountain of Gunung Benom. Two of the compounds possess an unprecedented structure with a novel hydroxymethylene group at C-3 of the fully dehydrogenated isoquinoline moiety. The structural elucidation was achieved by chemical, spectroscopic, and chiroptical methods. As typical of the so-called Ancistrocladaceae type, all of the compounds isolated bear an oxygen at C-6. Biological activities of these alkaloids against different protozoic pathogens are described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trypanosoma/drug effects
  12. Fulltext Comparison between Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC) and Giemsa-stained Thin Film (GTF) technique for blood protozoan infections in wild rats
    Sahimin N, Alias SN, Woh PY, Edah MA, Mohd Zain SN
    Trop Biomed, 2014 Sep;31(3):422-31.
    PMID: 25382468 MyJurnal
    The quantitative buffy coat (QBC) technique and conventional Giemsa thin blood smear was compared to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the technique in detecting blood parasitic infection of the rodent populations from four urban cities in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 432 blood samples from four rat species (Rattus norvegicus, Rattus rattus diardii, Rattus exulans and Rattus argentiventer) were screened using both techniques and successfully detected two blood protozoan species (Trypanosoma lewisi and Plasmodium sp.) with Trypanosoma lewisi predominantly infecting the population. Results showed that Giemsa-stained thin film (GTF) was the better detection method on blood parasitemia (46.7%) compared to Quantitative Buffy Coat method (38.9%) with overall detection technique sensitivity and specificity at 83.2% and 74.8% respectively. The sensitivity in detection of Trypanosoma lewisi was 84.4% with value slightly lower for Plasmodium sp. infections at 76.6%. Statistical analysis proved that GTF technique was significantly more sensitive in the detection of blood protozoan infections in the rodent population compared to QBC (p<0.05).
    Matched MeSH terms: Trypanosoma lewisi/isolation & purification
  13. Fulltext Chemical composition and in vitro antitrypanosomal activity of fractions of essential oil from Cymbopogon nardus L
    Muhd Haffiz J, Norhayati I, Getha K, Nor Azah MA, Mohd Ilham A, Lili Sahira H, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2013 Mar;30(1):9-14.
    PMID: 23665703 MyJurnal
    Essential oil from Cymbopogon nardus was evaluated for activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei BS221 (IC50 = 0.31 ± 0.03 μg/mL) and cytotoxic effect on normal kidney (Vero) cells (IC50 = >100 μg/mL). The crude essential oil was subjected to various chromatography techniques afforded active sub fractions with antitrypanosomal activity; F4 (IC50 = 0.61 ± 0.06 μg/mL), F6 (IC50= 0.73 ± 0.33 μg/mL), F7 (IC50 = 1.15 ± 0 μg/mL) and F8 (IC50 = 1.11 ± 0.01 μg/mL). These active fractions did not exhibit any toxic effects against Vero cell lines and the chemical profiles investigation indicated presence of α-and γ-eudesmol, elemol, α-cadinol and eugenol by GC/MS analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trypanosoma brucei brucei/drug effects*
  14. Molecular detection of Trypanosoma evansi based on ITS1 rDNA gene in Camelus dromedarius in Sistan Region, Iran
    Zangooie F, Ganjali M, Keighobadi M, Nabavi R
    Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):1140-1147.
    PMID: 33601861
    Trypanosomiasis is a disease caused by a flagellate protozoon called Trypanosoma and can be mechanically transmitted by vectors to humans and animals. Various species of Trypanosoma are found in livestock and poultry, which include Trypanosoma evansi, T. brucei, T. vivax and T. congolense. The camel is the most sensitive livestock for T. evansi, so the exact identification of infection is very important for epidemiological studies and the design of control programs. The present study was conducted with the aim of molecular detection of camel trypanosomiasis in the Sistan region in 2015. Previous studies have shown that internal transcribed spacer one (ITS1) of the ribosomal DNA is a reliable genetic marker for carrying out systematic molecular studies of trypanosomes. In order to investigate infections of camels with T. evansi, a total of 113 blood samples were collected randomly and the presence of parasites in each sample was evaluated using the microscopic method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Genomic DNA was extracted and the ITS-1 was amplified by PCR. In comparison to the nucleotide sequence obtained with the sequences recorded in GenBank, it was determined that there is a 99% homology with the recorded sequence of T. evansi. The obtained sequence was registered in Gen Bank with kx900449 code. The T. evansi sequences from different countries such as India, Taiwan, Thailand, the Philippines, China and Argentina and etc., were extracted from the Gene bank and aligned using the ClustalW2 sequence alignment tool and MEGA software. In this study the prevalence of T. evansi infection using the molecular method was 6.19% and no positive samples were found by microscopic observation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trypanosoma
  15. Fulltext Antitrypanosomal screening and cytotoxic effects of selected medicinal plants
    Dyary HO, Arifah AK, Sharma RS, Rasedee A, Mohd-Aspollah MS, Zakaria ZA, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2014 Mar;31(1):89-96.
    PMID: 24862048 MyJurnal
    Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of "surra", infects many species of wild and domestic animals worldwide. In the current study, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of six medicinal plants, namely, Aquilaria malaccensis, Derris elliptica, Garcinia hombroniana, Goniothalamus umbrosus, Nigella sativa, and Strobilanthes crispus were screened in vitro for activity against T. evansi. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts was evaluated on green monkey kidney (Vero) cells using MTT-cell proliferation assay. The median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the extracts ranged between 2.30 and 800.97 μg/ml and the median cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) ranged between 29.10 μg/ml and 14.53 mg/ml. The aqueous extract of G. hombroniana exhibited the highest selectivity index (SI) value of 616.36, followed by A. malaccensis aqueous extract (47.38). Phytochemical screening of the G. hombroniana aqueous extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and saponins. It is demonstrated here that the aqueous extract of G. hombroniana has potential antitrypanosomal activity with a high SI, and may be considered as a potential source for the development of new antitrypanosomal compounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Trypanosoma/drug effects*
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