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Fulltext Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as a uterine cervical mass

Ab Hamid S, Wastie ML

Singapore Med J, 2008 Mar;49(3):e73-5.
PMID: 18362991

We report a 43-year-old woman who presented with post-coital bleeding. Pelvic examination revealed a uterine cervical mass, which confirmed to be large B cell lymphoma on histopathological examination. Computed tomography showed a primary lesion in the uterine cervix with no lymph node or other extranodal involvement. The patient responded to CHOP (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine and prednisolone) chemotherapy regime with no major side effects.

Matched MeSH terms: Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
Relapsed lymphoma mimicking venous ulcer: A case report

Kamal WSA, Affandi AM, Bhullar A, Kamal WSZ

Med J Malaysia, 2018 08;73(4):253-254.
PMID: 30121690 MyJurnal

Lymphoma presenting with ulceration is not typical. We report a case of relapsed DLBCL in a 73-year-old man presenting with a chronic non-healing leg ulcer. He has underlying varicose veins with recurrent venous ulcers. This patient was diagnosed to have DLBCL six years earlier when he presented with recurrent epistaxis originating from a left nasal cavity nodule. Complete resolution was achieved after eight cycles of R-CHOP and intrathecal methotrexate. For this current problem, this patient was treated with rituximab combined with chemotherapy which resulted in healing of the ulcer.

Matched MeSH terms: Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
Fulltext Synergistic inhibition of melanoma xenografts by Brequinar sodium and Doxorubicin

Dorasamy MS, Ab A, Nellore K, Wong PF

Biomed Pharmacother, 2019 Feb;110:29-36.
PMID: 30458345 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.010

Malignant melanoma continues to be a fatal disease for which novel and long-term curative breakthroughs are desired. One such innovative idea would be to assess combination therapeutic treatments - by way of combining two potentially effective and very different therapy. Previously, we have shown that DHODH inhibitors, A771726 and Brequinar sodium (BQR) induced cell growth impairment in melanoma cells. Similar results were seen with DHODH RNA interference (shRNA). In the present study, we showed that combination of BQR with doxorubicin resulted in synergistic and additive cell growth inhibition in these cells. In addition, in vivo studies with this combination of drugs demonstrated an almost 90% tumor regression in nude mice bearing melanoma tumors. Cell cycle regulatory proteins, cyclin B1 and its binding partner pcdc-2 and p21 were significantly downregulated and upregulated respectively following the combined treatment. Given that we have observed synergistic effects with BQR and doxorubicin, both in vitro and in vivo, these drugs potentially represent a new combination in the targeted therapy of melanoma.

Matched MeSH terms: Doxorubicin/administration & dosage*
Targeted polymeric nanoparticle for anthracycline delivery in hypoxia-induced drug resistance in metastatic breast cancer cells

Almoustafa HA, Alshawsh MA, Chik Z

Anticancer Drugs, 2021 Aug 01;32(7):745-754.
PMID: 33675612 DOI: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000001065

Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles are intensively studied nanocarriers in drug delivery because of their biodegradability and biochemical characteristics. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating for nanocarriers gives them long circulation time in blood and makes them invisible to the reticuloendothelial system. Breast cancer cells have greater uptake of hyaluronic acid compared to normal cells as it binds to their overexpressed CD44 receptors. Since hypoxia plays an important role in cancer metastasis; we formulated PEG-PLGA nanoparticles coated with hyaluronic acid as targeted delivery system for doxorubicin (DOX) using nanoprecipitation method, and characterized them for chemical composition, size, surface charge, shape, and encapsulation efficiency. Then we tested them in vitro on hypoxia-optimized metastatic breast cancer cells. The nanoparticles were spherical with an average size of about 106 ± 53 nm, a negative surface charge (-15 ± 3 mV), and high encapsulation efficiency (73.3 ± 4.1%). In vitro investigation with hypoxia-elevated CD44 MDA-MB-231 cells showed that hyaluronic acid-targeted nanoparticles maintained their efficacy despite hypoxia-induced drug resistance unlike free DOX and nontargeted nanoparticles. In conclusion, this study revealed a simple third generation nanoparticle formulation for targeted treatment of hypoxia-induced drug resistance in breast cancer metastatic cells. Further, optimization is needed including In vivo efficacy and nanoparticle-specific pharmacokinetic studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
Fulltext Thermally-responsive Virus-like Particle for Targeted Delivery of Cancer Drug

Thong QX, Biabanikhankahdani R, Ho KL, Alitheen NB, Tan WS

Sci Rep, 2019 03 08;9(1):3945.
PMID: 30850643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40388-x

Multifunctional nanocarriers displaying specific ligands and simultaneously response to stimuli offer great potentials for targeted and controlled drug delivery. Several synthetic thermally-responsive nanocarriers have been studied extensively for hyperthermia incorporated chemotherapy. However, no information is available on the application of virus-like particle (VLP) in thermally-controlled drug delivery systems. Here, we describe the development of a novel multifunctional nanovehicle based on the VLP of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNVLP). Folic acid (FA) was covalently conjugated to lysine residues located on the surface of MrNVLP, while doxorubicin (Dox) was loaded inside the VLP using an infusion method. This thermally-responsive nanovehicle, namely FA-MrNVLP-Dox, released Dox in a sustained manner and the rate of drug release increased in response to a hyperthermia temperature at 43 °C. The FA-MrNVLP-Dox enhanced the delivery of Dox to HT29 cancer cells expressing high level of folate receptor (FR) as compared to CCD841CoN normal cells and HepG2 cancer cells, which express low levels of FR. As a result, FA-MrNVLP-Dox increased the cytotoxicity of Dox on HT29 cells, and decreased the drug's cytotoxicity on CCD841CoN and HepG2 cells. This study demonstrated the potential of FA-MrNVLP-Dox as a thermally-responsive nanovehicle for targeted delivery of Dox to cancer cells rich in FR.

Matched MeSH terms: Doxorubicin/administration & dosage*
Treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Malaysia, 1976-1982

Lin HP, Sinnah D, Menaka N, Cherian R, Singh P

Med. Pediatr. Oncol., 1983;11(5):327-32.
PMID: 6579342

One hundred four children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were diagnosed at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, between 1976 and 1982; 87 were evaluable with respect to treatment. They were divided into good prognosis (GP) and bad prognosis (BP) groups based on their initial total white cell count, their treatment differing only during the maintenance phase. Remission was achieved in 82 patients (94%) of whom ten (12%) subsequently died in remission from infection. Twenty-eight (34%) relapsed while on treatment and three while off therapy. Eleven patients ceased treatment after 3 yr of continuous complete remission (CCR). Three of these later relapsed, two within the first year. Survival in CCR was significantly better in the GP group up to 30 months, after which the difference diminished. There was no difference in survival between boys and girls. The overall disease-free survival at 3 yr and 5 yr was 40% and 25%, respectively, with a median follow-up period of 20 months (range 4-69 months). The reasons for the relatively low survival rates as compared with those in developed countries are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
Fulltext Treatment of small cell lung cancer with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and vincristine (CAV) combination therapy: experience at University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Lee SM

Singapore Med J, 1990 Aug;31(4):317-20.
PMID: 2175049

Seventeen patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were treated with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and vincristine (CAV) combination chemotherapy. The overall response rate was 76.5% with 47% achieving complete response and 29.5% partial response. In limited and extensive stage disease, complete response was achieved in 67% and 36.5% respectively. Chinese were the predominant ethnic group affected (82%). Six patients presenting with superior vena cava obstruction responded significantly to CAV chemotherapy alone. Median survival for patients with extensive disease was 7.4 months. All patients with limited disease were still alive. Two relapsed patients with limited disease achieved significant response to VP-16/Cisplatin combination chemotherapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
Treatment options for locally advanced breast cancer--experience in an Asian tertiary hospital

Chong HY, Taib NA, Rampal S, Saad M, Bustam AZ, Yip CH

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2010;11(4):913-7.
PMID: 21133600

BACKGROUND: Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is characterized by the presence of a large primary tumour (>5 cm) associated with or without skin or chest-wall involvement (T4) or with fixed (matted) axillary lymph nodes in the absence of any evidence of distant metastases. These cancers are classified as stage IIIA and IIIB according to the AJCC Staging System. Treatment of choice involves combinations of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or hormonal therapy. Current guidelines recommend primary surgery or neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery. The primary objective of this study was to compare the outcome of LABC patients subjected to neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery and those who underwent surgery as the primary treatment and to determine prognostic predictors. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the response after neoadjuvant therapy and to determine the treatment compliance rate.
METHODS: This retrospective study of Stage III breast cancer patients was conducted over a 5 year period from 1998 to 2002. The survival data were obtained from the National Registry of Births and Deaths with the end-point of the study in April 2006. The Kaplan Meier method was applied for survival analysis. Cox regression analysis by stepwise selection was performed to identify important prognostic factors.
RESULTS: Out of a 155 evaluable patients, 74 (47.7%) had primary surgery, 62 (40%) had neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 10 patients (6.5%) were given Tamoxifen as the primary treatment, while 9 patients (5.8%) defaulted any form of treatment. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 9 patients defaulted further treatment, leaving 53 evaluable patients. Out of these 53 evaluable patients, 5 patients (9.4%) had complete pathological response, 5 (9.4%) a complete clinical response, and 26 (49.1%) had partial response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The 5-year survival in the primary surgery group was 56.7 % compared to 44.7% in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group (p<0.01). The important prognostic factors were race, size of tumour, nodal status, estrogen receptor status and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION: Patients who had primary surgery had better survival than those who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which may be due to bias in the selection of patients for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Out of a total of 155 patients, 25.1% defaulted part of the treatment, or did not receive optimal treatment, emphasizing the importance of psychosocial support and counselling for this group of patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
Fulltext pH-responsive Virus-like Nanoparticles with Enhanced Tumour-targeting Ligands for Cancer Drug Delivery

Biabanikhankahdani R, Alitheen NBM, Ho KL, Tan WS

Sci Rep, 2016 11 24;6:37891.
PMID: 27883070 DOI: 10.1038/srep37891

Multifunctional nanocarriers harbouring specific targeting moieties and with pH-responsive properties offer great potential for targeted cancer therapy. Several synthetic drug carriers have been studied extensively as drug delivery systems but not much information is available on the application of virus-like nanoparticles (VLNPs) as multifunctional nanocarriers. Here, we describe the development of pH-responsive VLNPs, based on truncated hepatitis B virus core antigen (tHBcAg), displaying folic acid (FA) for controlled drug delivery. FA was conjugated to a pentadecapeptide containing nanoglue bound on tHBcAg nanoparticles to increase the specificity and efficacy of the drug delivery system. The tHBcAg nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) demonstrated a sustained drug release profile in vitro under tumour tissue conditions in a controlled manner and improved the uptake of DOX in colorectal cancer cells, leading to enhanced antitumour effects. This study demonstrated that DOX-PAA can be packaged into VLNPs without any modification of the DOX molecules, preserving the pharmacological activity of the loaded DOX. The nanoglue can easily be used to display a tumour-targeting molecule on the exterior surface of VLNPs and can bypass the laborious and time-consuming genetic engineering approaches.

Matched MeSH terms: Doxorubicin/administration & dosage*