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Indonesian Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale: Translation and psychometric evaluation

Chia ZJ, Jehosua SY, Lim KS, Khosama H, Hamid DH, Fong SL, et al.

Epilepsy Behav, 2020 02;103(Pt A):106833.
PMID: 31839499 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106833

INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy stigma has been associated with poor quality of life among people with epilepsy (PWE). It is important to understand the variation and degree of epilepsy stigma in one of the most populous and culturally diverse nations in the world, Indonesia. Hence, this study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale.
METHOD: The translation was performed according to standard principles and tested in 200 native Indonesian speakers who were aged above 18-year-old for psychometric validation.
RESULTS: The items in each domain had similar means and standard deviations (equal item variance), means ranging from 2.17 to 2.86 in general domain and 2.75 to 3.56 in personal domain and, standard deviations ranging from 0.87 to 1.05 and 0.88 to 1.01 in general and personal domain, respectively. Item-domain correlations were more than 0.5 for all items, and they correlate higher within their own domain compare with the other domain (convergent and divergent validity). Multitrait analysis showed similar variance, floor, and ceiling patterns to a great extent compared with the initial study. The Indonesian PATE scale also showed mostly similar correlation with demographic characteristics except monthly income. Principle axis analysis revealed strong factor loading (>0.3) in their hypothesized domain, except item 14. The Cronbach's α values for general and personal domains were 0.836 and 0.765, which were within the accepted range of 0.7 to 0.9.
CONCLUSION: The Indonesian PATE scale is a validated and reliable translation for measuring public attitudes toward epilepsy.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia/ethnology
Haptoglobin, transferrin and serum albumin variants in the Dayaks of Sarawak

Ganesan J, Eng LI, Poon OB

Humangenetik, 1975 Oct 07;29(4):281-3.
PMID: 1176143

The Land Dayaks and the Sea Kayaks of Sarawak were surveyed for haptoglobin, transferrin and serum albumin variants. The Hp1 gene frequency was 0.385 in 283 Land Dayaks as well as in 205 Sea Kayaks. The TfDChi gene frequency in 283 Land Dayaks was 0.030 and in 188 Sea Kayaks it was 0.040. Serum albumin Medan was found in one of the 188 Sea Kayaks.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia/ethnology
Fulltext Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea

Carlhoff S, Duli A, Nägele K, Nur M, Skov L, Sumantri I, et al.

Nature, 2021 Aug;596(7873):543-547.
PMID: 34433944 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03823-6

Much remains unknown about the population history of early modern humans in southeast Asia, where the archaeological record is sparse and the tropical climate is inimical to the preservation of ancient human DNA1. So far, only two low-coverage pre-Neolithic human genomes have been sequenced from this region. Both are from mainland Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherer sites: Pha Faen in Laos, dated to 7939-7751 calibrated years before present (yr cal BP; present taken as AD 1950), and Gua Cha in Malaysia (4.4-4.2 kyr cal BP)1. Here we report, to our knowledge, the first ancient human genome from Wallacea, the oceanic island zone between the Sunda Shelf (comprising mainland southeast Asia and the continental islands of western Indonesia) and Pleistocene Sahul (Australia-New Guinea). We extracted DNA from the petrous bone of a young female hunter-gatherer buried 7.3-7.2 kyr cal BP at the limestone cave of Leang Panninge2 in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Genetic analyses show that this pre-Neolithic forager, who is associated with the 'Toalean' technocomplex3,4, shares most genetic drift and morphological similarities with present-day Papuan and Indigenous Australian groups, yet represents a previously unknown divergent human lineage that branched off around the time of the split between these populations approximately 37,000 years ago5. We also describe Denisovan and deep Asian-related ancestries in the Leang Panninge genome, and infer their large-scale displacement from the region today.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia/ethnology
Gc subtyping in Malaysians and in Indonesians from north Sumatra

Tan SG, Gan YY, Asuan K, Abdullah F

Hum Genet, 1981;59(1):75-6.
PMID: 10819027

Malays, Chinese and Indians from peninsular Malaysia; Ibans and Bidayuh from Sarawak state, Northern Borneo; and Bataks, Minangkabau and Javanese from North Sumatra, Indonesia, were subtyped for Gc (group-specific component) by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. All eight populations investigated were found to be polymorphic for three common alleles, Gc1F, Gc1S and Gc2.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia/ethnology
Fulltext Falciparum Malaria Outbreak in Sabah Linked to an Immigrant Rubber Tapper

Jeffree SM, Ahmed K, Safian N, Hassan R, Mihat O, Lukman KA, et al.

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2018 Jan;98(1):45-50.
PMID: 29141714 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0081

Sabah is a Malaysian state situated in the northern part of Borneo, and it is endemic for malaria. The incidence of malaria is the lowest (0.05/1,000 population) in Penampang districts of Sabah. In June 26, 2012, two Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases were notified to public health department from a village in Penampang. Immediate investigation was initiated to identify the risk factors and to institute control measures. We performed active case finding by asking household members of all houses in the village regarding malaria symptoms and by examining blood smears. Environmental investigation was performed by collecting samples to detect mosquito breeding sites and to identify malaria transmitting vector mosquitoes. A case-control study with a ratio of 1:4 (11 cases and 44 controls) was conducted using self-administered questionnaire. The microscopic examination of blood smear for malarial parasite and entomology sampling was carried out. The malarial attack rate was 2.3%, 6/11 smears have gametocyte, and the case fatality rate was 9.1%. One case was a migrant rubber tapper from Indonesia which happened to be the first case with gametocyte positive. Overall, the incidence of malaria was higher (6/11) among rubber tappers. The odds of cases for those living nearby stagnant water were 7.3 [95% confidence interval: 1.2-43.5] times higher. In conclusion, an outbreak of P. falciparum malaria was introduced into a malaria-free village by a migrant rubber tapper, by whom the imported parasite was introduced to the community via vector Anopheles balabacensis. Living near stagnant water bodies was the risk factor in this outbreak.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia/ethnology
Factors associated with obesity in Chinese-American children

Chen JL, Kennedy C

Pediatr Nurs, 2005 Mar-Jun;31(2):110-5.
PMID: 15934563

OBJECTIVE:A cross-sectional study design was utilized to examine factors associated with obesity in Chinese-American children.
SUBJECTS:Chinese-American children (8 to 10 years old) and their mothers (N = 68) in California participated in the study.
MEASUREMENTS:Mothers completed demographic information, the Family Assessment Device, Attitudes Toward Child Rearing Scale, and Suinn-Lew Asian Self-identity Acculturation Scale. Children's body mass index was measured, and children completed a self-administered physical activity checklist, Food Frequency Questionnaire, and the Schoolagers' Coping Strategies Inventory.
RESULTS:Results indicated three variables that predicted children's body mass index: older age, a more democratic parenting style, and poor communication (R2=.263, F=8.727, p = .0001). Children whose mothers had a low level of acculturation were also more likely to be overweight than were children whose mothers were highly acculturated.
CONCLUSION:This study revealed that children's ages, a democratic parenting style, and poor family communication contribute to increased body mass index in Chinese-American children. Other factors related to children's BMI and dietary intake include acculturation level of the mother and family affective responses. Future studies should examine the change in BMI over time and in different age groups and why parenting and family communication impact children's body weight.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia/ethnology
Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in Singapore: comparison with other ASEAN countries

Cheah JS, Yeo PP, Thai AC, Lui KF, Wang KW, Tan YT, et al.

Ann Acad Med Singap, 1985 Apr;14(2):232-9.
PMID: 4037681

Singapore is a tropical island city-state with a population of 2.4178 million consisting of Chinese (76.7%), Malays (14.7%), Indians (6.4%) and other races (2.2%). A diabetic survey of the adult population, aged 15 years and above, carried out in 1975, shows that the prevalence of diabetes is 1.99%; it is higher in males (2.36%) than in females (1.64%). It occurs mainly in the age group 40 years and above (5.08%) and is uncommon in the age group 15-39 years (0.40%). In males, the highest prevalence of diabetes (7.0%) is in the age group 45-49 years while in females the highest prevalence (7.2%) is in the age group 55-59 years. 43.3% of the diabetics are of normal weight while 44.3% are overweight and 12.4% are underweight. 59.6% of the diabetics are newly diagnosed while 40.4% are known diabetics; 64.3% of the newly diagnosed diabetics have no symptoms. The prevalence of diabetes among the Indians (6.07%) is significantly higher than that in Malays (2.43%) and Chinese (1.55%). Indian diabetics have a slightly higher positive family history of diabetes (12.7%) than Malays (10.9%) and Chinese (6.5%). Obesity is commoner in Malay diabetics (64.7%) than in Chinese (41.6%) and Indians (35.7%). The possible factors leading to the significantly higher prevalence of diabetes among the Indians compared to the other ethnic groups in Singapore are discussed. It is suggested that the Indian gene is susceptible to diabetes (diabetic genotype) and increased food consumption, altered lifestyle and greater obesity leads to the expression of diabetes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia/ethnology
Cytogenetic abnormalities in de novo acute myeloid leukemia in adults: relation to morphology, age, sex and ethnicity - a single center study from Singapore

Enjeti AK, Tien SL, Sivaswaren CR

Hematol. J., 2004;5(5):419-25.
PMID: 15448668

Cytogenetic analysis performed at diagnosis is considered to be the most valuable prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Large systematic studies of cytogenetic abnormalities in AML patients from Southeast Asia are not available. The karyotypic patterns in AML patients from a single center in Singapore were studied and compared with reports from other regions of the world to identify possible geographic heterogeneity.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia/ethnology
Asian population frequencies and haplotype distribution of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes among Chinese, Malay, and Indian in Singapore

Lee YC, Chan SH, Ren EC

Immunogenetics, 2008 Nov;60(11):645-54.
PMID: 18668235 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-008-0321-3

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) gene frequencies have been shown to be distinctly different between populations and contribute to functional variation in the immune response. We have investigated KIR gene frequencies in 370 individuals representing three Asian populations in Singapore and report here the distribution of 14 KIR genes (2DL1, 2DL2, 2DL3, 2DL4, 2DL5, 2DS1, 2DS2, 2DS3, 2DS4, 2DS5, 3DL1, 3DL2, 3DL3, 3DS1) with two pseudogenes (2DP1, 3DP1) among Singapore Chinese (n = 210); Singapore Malay (n = 80), and Singapore Indian (n = 80). Four framework genes (KIR3DL3, 3DP1, 2DL4, 3DL2) and a nonframework pseudogene 2DP1 were detected in all samples while KIR2DS2, 2DL2, 2DL5, and 2DS5 had the greatest significant variation across the three populations. Fifteen significant linkage patterns, consistent with associations between genes of A and B haplotypes, were observed. Eighty-four distinct KIR profiles were determined in our populations, 38 of which had not been described in other populations. KIR haplotype studies were performed using nine Singapore Chinese families comprising 34 individuals. All genotypes could be resolved into corresponding pairs of existing haplotypes with eight distinct KIR genotypes and eight different haplotypes. The haplotype A2 with frequency of 63.9% was dominant in Singapore Chinese, comparable to that reported in Korean and Chinese Han. The A haplotypes predominate in Singapore Chinese, with ratio of A to B haplotypes of approximately 3:1. Comparison with KIR frequencies in other populations showed that Singapore Chinese shared similar distributions with Chinese Han, Japanese, and Korean; Singapore Indian was found to be comparable with North Indian Hindus while Singapore Malay resembled the Thai.

Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia/ethnology
Allele frequencies for the PowerPlex 16 STR loci in Javanese population in Malaysia

Othman MI, Seah LH, Panneerchelvam S, Nor NM

J Forensic Sci, 2004 Jan;49(1):190-1.
PMID: 14979376
Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia/ethnology
Adaptation problems of asian migrants

Hastings J

Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 1977 Dec;11(4):219-21.
PMID: 272878
Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia/ethnology
A survey of geriatric cases in the psychiatric wards--University Hospital admitted in July 1967 to December 1969

Essa M

Med J Malaysia, 1974 Jun;28(4):221-5.
PMID: 4278973
Matched MeSH terms: Indonesia/ethnology