Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 161 in total

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  1. Fulltext The orthotic management of the congenitally short lower limb--a new appliance
    Devnani AS
    Singapore Med J, 2000 Nov;41(11):534-7.
    PMID: 11284611
    To describe an appliance used for equalisation of severe congenital lower limb length discrepancy for patients who refuse to undergo any operative correction but wish to walk and look better.
    Matched MeSH terms: Walking
  2. Screening of stepping forces in an arthritic rat model using a novel analgesic meter and data acquisition system
    Yam MF, Ahmad M, Por LY, Ang LF, Basir R, Asmawi MZ
    Sensors (Basel), 2012;12(7):9603-12.
    PMID: 23012561
    The stepping forces of normal and Freund Complete Adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritic rats were studied in vivo using a proposed novel analgesic meter. An infrared charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and a data acquisition system were incorporated into the analgesic meter to determine and measure the weight of loads on the right hind paw before and after induction of arthritis by FCA injection into the paw cavity. FCA injection resulted in a significant reduction in the stepping force of the affected hind paw. The stepping force decreased to the minimum level on day 4 after the injection and then gradually increased up to day 25. Oral administration of prednisolone significantly increased the stepping forces of FCA-induced arthritic rats on days 14 and 21. These results suggest that the novel device is an effective tool for measuring the arthritic pain in in vivo studies even though walking is a dynamic condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Walking
  3. Fulltext Improved Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Trajectory Tracking Control of Lower Limb Robotic Rehabilitation Exoskeleton
    Aole S, Elamvazuthi I, Waghmare L, Patre B, Meriaudeau F
    Sensors (Basel), 2020 Jun 30;20(13).
    PMID: 32630115 DOI: 10.3390/s20133681
    Neurological disorders such as cerebral paralysis, spinal cord injuries, and strokes, result in the impairment of motor control and induce functional difficulties to human beings like walking, standing, etc. Physical injuries due to accidents and muscular weaknesses caused by aging affect people and can cause them to lose their ability to perform daily routine functions. In order to help people recover or improve their dysfunctional activities and quality of life after accidents or strokes, assistive devices like exoskeletons and orthoses are developed. Control strategies for control of exoskeletons are developed with the desired intention of improving the quality of treatment. Amongst recent control strategies used for rehabilitation robots, active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) strategy is a systematic way out from a robust control paradox with possibilities and promises. In this modern era, we always try to find the solution in order to have minimum resources and maximum output, and in robotics-control, to approach the same condition observer-based control strategies is an added advantage where it uses a state estimation method which reduces the requirement of sensors that is used for measuring every state. This paper introduces improved active disturbance rejection control (I-ADRC) controllers as a combination of linear extended state observer (LESO), tracking differentiator (TD), and nonlinear state error feedback (NLSEF). The proposed controllers were evaluated through simulation by investigating the sagittal plane gait trajectory tracking performance of two degrees of freedom, Lower Limb Robotic Rehabilitation Exoskeleton (LLRRE). This multiple input multiple output (MIMO) LLRRE has two joints, one at the hip and other at the knee. In the simulation study, the proposed controllers show reduced trajectory tracking error, elimination of random, constant, and harmonic disturbances, robustness against parameter variations, and under the influence of noise, with improvement in performance indices, indicates its enhanced tracking performance. These promising simulation results would be validated experimentally in the next phase of research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Walking
  4. Fulltext Using a Deep Learning Method and Data from Two-Dimensional (2D) Marker-Less Video-Based Images for Walking Speed Classification
    Sikandar T, Rabbi MF, Ghazali KH, Altwijri O, Alqahtani M, Almijalli M, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2021 Apr 17;21(8).
    PMID: 33920617 DOI: 10.3390/s21082836
    Human body measurement data related to walking can characterize functional movement and thereby become an important tool for health assessment. Single-camera-captured two-dimensional (2D) image sequences of marker-less walking individuals might be a simple approach for estimating human body measurement data which could be used in walking speed-related health assessment. Conventional body measurement data of 2D images are dependent on body-worn garments (used as segmental markers) and are susceptible to changes in the distance between the participant and camera in indoor and outdoor settings. In this study, we propose five ratio-based body measurement data that can be extracted from 2D images and can be used to classify three walking speeds (i.e., slow, normal, and fast) using a deep learning-based bidirectional long short-term memory classification model. The results showed that average classification accuracies of 88.08% and 79.18% could be achieved in indoor and outdoor environments, respectively. Additionally, the proposed ratio-based body measurement data are independent of body-worn garments and not susceptible to changes in the distance between the walking individual and camera. As a simple but efficient technique, the proposed walking speed classification has great potential to be employed in clinics and aged care homes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Walking; Walking Speed*
  5. Fulltext A Systematic Approach to the Design and Characterization of A Smart Insole for Detecting Vertical Ground Reaction Force (vGRF) in Gait Analysis
    Tahir AM, Chowdhury MEH, Khandakar A, Al-Hamouz S, Abdalla M, Awadallah S, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2020 Feb 11;20(4).
    PMID: 32053914 DOI: 10.3390/s20040957
    Gait analysis is a systematic study of human locomotion, which can be utilized in variousapplications, such as rehabilitation, clinical diagnostics and sports activities. The various limitationssuch as cost, non-portability, long setup time, post-processing time etc., of the current gait analysistechniques have made them unfeasible for individual use. This led to an increase in research interestin developing smart insoles where wearable sensors can be employed to detect vertical groundreaction forces (vGRF) and other gait variables. Smart insoles are flexible, portable and comfortablefor gait analysis, and can monitor plantar pressure frequently through embedded sensors thatconvert the applied pressure to an electrical signal that can be displayed and analyzed further.Several research teams are still working to improve the insoles' features such as size, sensitivity ofinsoles sensors, durability, and the intelligence of insoles to monitor and control subjects' gait bydetecting various complications providing recommendation to enhance walking performance. Eventhough systematic sensor calibration approaches have been followed by different teams to calibrateinsoles' sensor, expensive calibration devices were used for calibration such as universal testingmachines or infrared motion capture cameras equipped in motion analysis labs. This paper providesa systematic design and characterization procedure for three different pressure sensors: forcesensitiveresistors (FSRs), ceramic piezoelectric sensors, and flexible piezoelectric sensors that canbe used for detecting vGRF using a smart insole. A simple calibration method based on a load cellis presented as an alternative to the expensive calibration techniques. In addition, to evaluate theperformance of the different sensors as a component for the smart insole, the acquired vGRF fromdifferent insoles were used to compare them. The results showed that the FSR is the most effectivesensor among the three sensors for smart insole applications, whereas the piezoelectric sensors canbe utilized in detecting the start and end of the gait cycle. This study will be useful for any researchgroup in replicating the design of a customized smart insole for gait analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Walking*
  6. Fulltext Sit-to-walk strategy classification in healthy adults using hip and knee joint angles at gait initiation
    Perera CK, Gopalai AA, Gouwanda D, Ahmad SA, Salim MSB
    Sci Rep, 2023 Oct 03;13(1):16640.
    PMID: 37789077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43148-0
    Forward continuation, balance, and sit-to-stand-and-walk (STSW) are three common movement strategies during sit-to-walk (STW) executions. Literature identifies these strategies through biomechanical parameters using gold standard laboratory equipment, which is expensive, bulky, and requires significant post-processing. STW strategy becomes apparent at gait-initiation (GI) and the hip/knee are primary contributors in STW, therefore, this study proposes to use the hip/knee joint angles at GI as an alternate method of strategy classification. To achieve this, K-means clustering was implemented using three clusters corresponding to the three STW strategies; and two feature sets corresponding to the hip/knee angles (derived from motion capture data); from an open access online database (age: 21-80 years; n = 10). The results identified forward continuation with the lowest hip/knee extension, followed by balance and then STSW, at GI. Using this classification, strategy biomechanics were investigated by deriving the established biomechanical quantities from literature. The biomechanical parameters that significantly varied between strategies (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Walking*
  7. Fulltext Minimum number of inertial measurement units needed to identify significant variations in walk patterns of overweight individuals walking on irregular surfaces
    Sikandar T, Rabbi MF, Ghazali KH, Altwijri O, Almijalli M, Ahamed NU
    Sci Rep, 2023 Sep 27;13(1):16177.
    PMID: 37758958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43428-9
    Gait data collection from overweight individuals walking on irregular surfaces is a challenging task that can be addressed using inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors. However, it is unclear how many IMUs are needed, particularly when body attachment locations are not standardized. In this study, we analysed data collected from six body locations, including the torso, upper and lower limbs, to determine which locations exhibit significant variation across different real-world irregular surfaces. We then used deep learning method to verify whether the IMU data recorded from the identified body locations could classify walk patterns across the surfaces. Our results revealed two combinations of body locations, including the thigh and shank (i.e., the left and right shank, and the right thigh and right shank), from which IMU data should be collected to accurately classify walking patterns over real-world irregular surfaces (with classification accuracies of 97.24 and 95.87%, respectively). Our findings suggest that the identified numbers and locations of IMUs could potentially reduce the amount of data recorded and processed to develop a fall prevention system for overweight individuals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Walking*
  8. Fulltext The impact of digital healthcare systems on pain and body function in patients with knee joint pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Guo L, Li S, Xie S, Bian L, Shaharudin S
    Sci Rep, 2024 Feb 09;14(1):3310.
    PMID: 38331984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53853-z
    The digital healthcare (DH) system has recently emerged as an advanced rehabilitation approach that promotes rehabilitation training based on virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). The purpose of this meta-analysis study is to review and assess the impact of DH systems on pain and physical function among patients diagnosed with knee joint pain. Between January 2003 and September 2023, studies that met the listed inclusion criteria were gathered from Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases. The analysis of standardized mean difference (SMD) was carried out with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023462538). Eight research papers were selected, which collectively involved 194 males and 279 females. The meta-analysis outcomes revealed that DH intervention significantly improved balance (SMD, 0.41 [0.12, 0.69], p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Walking
  9. Fulltext GIS-based intelligent planning approach of child-friendly pedestrian pathway to promote a child-friendly city
    Fang K, Azizan SA, Huang H
    Sci Rep, 2024 Apr 07;14(1):8139.
    PMID: 38584168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58712-5
    Pedestrian safety, particularly for children, relies on well-designed pathways. Child-friendly pathways play a crucial role in safeguarding young pedestrians. Shared spaces accommodating both vehicles and walkers can bring benefits to pedestrians. However, active children playing near these pathways are prone to accidents. This research aims to develop an efficient method for planning child-friendly pedestrian pathways, taking into account community development and the specific needs of children. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing the Datang community in Guangzhou, China, as a case study. This approach combined drawing techniques with GIS data analysis. Drawing methods were utilized to identify points of interest for children aged 2-6. The qualitative and quantitative fuzzy analytic hierarchy process assessed factors influencing pathway planning, assigning appropriate weights. The weighted superposition analysis method constructed a comprehensive cost grid, considering various community elements. To streamline the planning process, a GIS tool was developed based on the identified factors, resulting in a practical, child-friendly pedestrian pathway network. Results indicate that this method efficiently creates child-friendly pathways, ensuring optimal connectivity within the planned road network.
    Matched MeSH terms: Walking
  10. Is monetary variable a determinant in the ringgit-dollar exchange rates model?: a cointegration approach
    Gharleghi B, Abu Hassan Shaari Md Nor
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:1163-1169.
    The main aim of this paper was to validate the relative price monetary model (RPMM) of exchange rate determination for the Malaysian exchange rate (RM/USD) using monthly data set from 1986-2010. The Johansen multivariate cointegration test and vector error correction model were employed. Because the time period under consideration includes the South
    East Asian financial crisis, the analysis is done using two time periods; the full time period as well as the period after the crisis. Two interesting results were observed from this empirical exercise. First, there is a long-run relationship between exchange rate and the selected macro variables only for the period after the crisis. Second, the forecasting performance of monetary approach based on the error correction model outperformed the Random Walk model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Walking
  11. Point forecast Markov Switching model for U.S. Dollar/ Euro exchange rate
    MOSTAFAEI H, Safaei M
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:481-488.
    This research proposes a point forecasting method into Markov switching autoregressive model. In case of two regimes, we proved the probability that h periods later process will be in regime 1 or 2 is given by steady-state probabilities. Then, using the value of h-step-ahead forecast data at time t in each regime and using steady-state probabilities, we present an h-step-ahead point forecast of data. An empirical application of this forecasting technique for U.S. Dollar/ Euro exchange rate showed that Markov switching autoregressive model achieved superior forecasts relative to the random walk with drift. The results of out-of-sample forecast indicate that the fluctuations of U.S. Dollar/ Euro exchange rate from May 2011 to May 2013 will be rising.
    Matched MeSH terms: Walking
  12. Fulltext Angular velocity and elevation angle: the proposed human model scalable tracking model using linear regression
    Yong CY, Sudirman R, Chew KM
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44(12):1661-1669.
    A scalable tracking human model was proposed for recognizing human jogging and walking activities. The model aims to detect and track a particular subject by using wearable sensor. Data collected are in accelerometer readings in three axes and gyroscope readings in three axes. The development of proposed human model is based on the moderating effects on human movements. Two moderators were proposed as the moderating factors of human motion and they are angular velocity and elevation angle. Linear regression is used to investigate the relationship among inputs, moderators and outputs of the model. The result of this study showed that the angular velocity and elevation angle moderators are affecting the relation of research output. Acceleration in x-axis (Ax) and angular velocity in y-axis (Gy) are the two main components in directing
    a motion. Classification between jogging and walking motions was done by measuring the magnitude of angular velocity and elevation angle. Jogging motion was classified and identified with larger angular velocity and elevation angle. The two proposed hypotheses were supported and proved by research output. The result is expected to be beneficial and able to assist researcher in investigating human motions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Walking
  13. Regression equations to estimate the 2-min walk distance in an adult Asian population aged 40-75 years
    Mirza FT, Jenkins S, Justine M, Cecins N, Hill K
    Respirology, 2018 Jul;23(7):674-680.
    PMID: 29446206 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13262
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is increased use of the 2-min walk test (2MWT) to assess functional exercise capacity. However, the distance achieved during this test may be difficult to interpret in the absence of reference values from a local population. Regression equations to estimate the 2-min walk distance (2MWD) only exist for American and Brazilian populations. The objective of this study was to develop regression equations to estimate the 2MWD in Malaysian adults who were free from major health problems.
    METHODS: Eighty-seven adults (43 males; mean ± SD age: 57.1 ± 9.6 years) performed two 2MWT using a standardized protocol. Heart rate (HR) was recorded every 30 s during the test. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed using age, gender, height, weight and change in HR (ΔHR) as independent variables, and better of the two 2MWD as the dependent variable. A second regression equation, without ΔHR, was planned if ΔHR was retained as one of the predictors of the 2MWD in the first equation.
    RESULTS: The better of the two 2MWD was 200 ± 34 m. Males walked 33 ± 6 m further than females (P < 0.001). The two regression equations were 196 - 1.1 × age, years + 1.0 × ΔHR, bpm + 31.2 × gender (R2 = 0.73) and 279 - 1.7 × age, years + 35.9 × gender (R2 = 0.47) with females = 0 and males = 1.
    CONCLUSION: The equations derived in this study may facilitate the interpretation of the 2MWD in clinical populations in Malaysia, as well as in countries with similar cultural backgrounds to Malaysia.
    Study site: volunteers from four villages in the Batu sub-district, Gombak, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Walking/physiology*
  14. Fulltext Evaluation of neuroprotective effects of alpha-tocopherol in cuprizone-induced demyelination model of multiple sclerosis
    Mitra NK, Xuan KY, Teo CC, Xian-Zhuang N, Singh A, Chellian J
    Res Pharm Sci, 2020 Dec;15(6):602-611.
    PMID: 33828603 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.301345
    Background and Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by demyelination and axonal loss. Quantitative estimation of behavioral, locomotor, and histological changes following the use of alpha-tocopherol (AT) in the animal model of MS have not been reported. The present study was planned to evaluate whether AT can improve sensorimotor dysfunction and reduce demyelination in the cuprizone (CPZ)-induced rat model of MS.

    Experimental approach: Female Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks) were fed with cuprizone diet for 5 weeks followed by intraperitoneal injections of alpha-tocopherol (100 mg/Kg) or PBS for 2 weeks (groups E1 and E2, n = 8). Group C (n = 8) was fed with normal pellets followed by intraperitoneal doses of PBS. Open-field test and beam walking were carried out on every 10th day. The mean area of demyelination in the corpus callosum was quantified in Luxol® fast blue (LFB) stained histological sections of the forebrain. Qualitative grading for relative changes in the stains of myelinated fibers was also done.

    Findings/Results: During withdrawal of CPZ, AT treatment increased the average speed by 22% in group E1, compared to group E2 (P < 0.05). The mean time to walk the beam was reduced in group E1 by 2.6% compared to group E2 (P < 0.05). The rearing frequency was increased in group E1 during week 6-7 compared to that in the period of CPZ treatment. The mean area of demyelination in the corpus callosum showed a 12% reduction in group E1 compared to group E2 (P < 0.05).

    Conclusion and implications: Short-term AT therapy showed improvement in motor dysfunction and reduction of demyelination in the animal model of MS.

    Matched MeSH terms: Walking
  15. The prevalence of physical activity and its associated factors among Malaysian adults: findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011
    Teh CH, Lim KK, Chan YY, Lim KH, Azahadi O, Hamizatul Akmar AH, et al.
    Public Health, 2014 May;128(5):416-23.
    PMID: 24726414 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.10.008
    OBJECTIVES: Despite the health-enhancing benefits of physical activity, a large segment of the Malaysian population does not engage in regular physical activity at the recommended level. This study aimed to determine physical activity patterns and the associated sociodemographic correlates of physical activity.
    STUDY DESIGN: Data on physical activity were obtained from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2011, a nationally representative, population-based cross-sectional study. A two-stage stratified sampling method was used to select a representative sample of Malaysian adults aged 16 years and above.
    METHODS: A total of 19,145 adults aged 16 years and above were recruited, and face-to-face interviews were conducted using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), short version. The correlates for physical activity were identified using multivariate analysis.
    RESULTS: In this study, 64.3% (95%CI: 63.1-65.5) of Malaysian adults aged 16 and above were physically active, but overall physical activity levels decreased with advancing age. Men, rural residents, 'other' ethnic groups, and married women were more likely to demonstrate higher levels of physical activity.
    CONCLUSION: Approximately 65% of Malaysian adults were physically active. However, it is recommended that health promotions for active lifestyles should be targeted to the least active segments, which constitute more than a quarter of the Malaysian population.
    KEYWORDS: Correlates; IPAQ; Malaysian adults; Physical activity; Sociodemographic
    Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-2011)
    Matched MeSH terms: Walking/physiology*
  16. A comparison of pressure distributions between two types of sockets in a bulbous stump
    Gholizadeh H, Abu Osman NA, Eshraghi A, Arifin N, Chung TY
    Prosthet Orthot Int, 2016 Aug;40(4):509-16.
    PMID: 25583929 DOI: 10.1177/0309364614564022
    BACKGROUND: This article describes a total surface bearing prosthetic socket for a patient (25-year-old female) with a bulbous stump.

    CASE DESCRIPTION AND METHODS: The subject had unstable excessive soft tissue at the distal end of the residuum. After 2 years of prosthetic use, she experienced several problems, including pain in the residual limb and knee joint. Pressure distribution was evaluated during ambulation. We also designed a total surface bearing socket with Velcro as suspension system to distribute the load evenly on the residual limb, and to facilitate donning procedure.

    FINDINGS AND OUTCOMES: The main site of weight bearing in the old prosthesis (patellar tendon bearing) was anterior proximal region of the residual limb, especially the patellar tendon. The pressure was almost 10 times higher than the distal region during level walking. Pressures were distributed more evenly with the total surface bearing socket design, and the donning was much easier.

    CONCLUSION: Pressure distribution within the socket could be affected by socket design and suspension system. Using the total surface bearing socket and Velcro as suspension system might facilitate donning of prosthesis and reduce traction at the end of residual limb during the swing phase of gait.

    CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Proper socket design and suspension system based on the amputees' need can facilitate rehabilitation process and lead to the amputee's satisfaction. The pressure is distributed more uniformly over the residual limb by the total surface bearing socket compared to the patellar tendon bearing socket for lower limb amputees with unusual stump shape.

    Matched MeSH terms: Walking/physiology*
  17. The influence of foot orthoses on foot mobility magnitude and arch height index in adults with flexible flat feet
    Sheykhi-Dolagh R, Saeedi H, Farahmand B, Kamyab M, Kamali M, Gholizadeh H, et al.
    Prosthet Orthot Int, 2015 Jun;39(3):190-6.
    PMID: 24604086 DOI: 10.1177/0309364614521652
    BACKGROUND: Flexible flat foot is described as a reduction in the height of the medial longitudinal arch and may occur from abnormal foot pronation. A foot orthosis is thought to modify and control excessive pronation and improve arch height.
    OBJECTIVE: To compare the immediate effect of three types of orthoses on foot mobility and the arch height index in subjects with flexible flat feet.
    STUDY DESIGN: A quasi-experimental study.
    METHOD: The dorsal arch height, midfoot width, foot mobility and arch height index were assessed in 20 participants with flexible flat feet (mean age = 23.2 ± 3 years) for three different foot orthosis conditions: soft, semi-rigid and rigid University of California Biomechanics Laboratory (UCBL).
    RESULTS: Maximum midfoot width at 90% with arch mobility in the coronal plane was shown in the semi-rigid orthosis condition. The semi-rigid orthosis resulted in the highest mean foot mobility in 90% of weight bearing, and the rigid orthosis (UCBL) had the lowest mean foot mobility. The soft orthosis resulted in foot mobility between that of the rigid and the semi-rigid orthosis. UCBL orthosis showed the highest arch height index, and the semi-rigid orthosis showed the lowest mean arch height index.
    CONCLUSION: Due to its rigid structure and long medial-lateral walls, the UCBL orthosis appears to limit foot mobility. Therefore, it is necessary to make an orthosis that facilitates foot mobility in the normal range of the foot arch. Future studies should address the dynamic mobility of the foot with using various types of foot orthoses.
    CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although there are many studies focussed on flat foot and the use of foot orthoses, the mechanism of action is still unclear. This study explored foot mobility and the influence of foot orthoses and showed that a more rigid foot orthosis should be selected based on foot mobility.
    KEYWORDS: Foot orthosis; arch height index; foot mobility magnitude
    Matched MeSH terms: Walking/physiology
  18. Immediate effect of orthopedic shoe and functional foot orthosis on center of pressure displacement and gait parameters in juvenile flexible flat foot
    Aboutorabi A, Saeedi H, Kamali M, Farahmand B, Eshraghi A, Dolagh RS
    Prosthet Orthot Int, 2014 Jun;38(3):218-23.
    PMID: 23986466 DOI: 10.1177/0309364613496111
    BACKGROUND: Flat foot in children is a common deformity in which the medial longitudinal arch is reduced or eliminated.
    OBJECTIVES: The objective of this article was to compare flat foot and healthy children on the displacement of the center of pressure and walking parameters in children with two common orthoses (functional foot orthosis and medical shoe).
    STUDY DESIGN: Comparative study.
    METHODS: This study included 30 children with flat foot and 20 healthy children as a control group. The step length and width, walking velocity, symmetry, and center of pressure (CoP) displacements were recorded and compared for three conditions: functional foot orthosis and regular shoe, a medical shoe and barefoot.
    RESULTS: The results from the CoP displacements showed that the regular shoe with functional foot orthosis caused a significant decrease in the level of displacement of the CoP in flat foot children. The findings indicated a significant improvement in symmetry of steps and walking speed with the functional foot orthosis in comparison to the medical shoe in flat foot children.
    CONCLUSION: The CoP displacement was decreased and the percentage of gait symmetry and walking speed were increased by the use of regular shoes with a functional foot orthosis in comparison to the medical shoes.
    CLINICAL RELEVANCE: An orthopaedic shoe can be expensive, and in particular heavy with most children reluctant to wear it. This study focussed on the CoP displacement and selected gait parameters with an orthopaedic shoe and functional foot orthosis, and showed that a combined prescription of a functional foot orthosis and with regular shoes may be a useful alternative for children with moderate flat foot.
    KEYWORDS: Center of pressure; flexible flat foot; functional foot orthosis; gait; medical shoe
    Matched MeSH terms: Walking/physiology
  19. Effect of Milwaukee brace on static and dynamic balance of female hyperkyphotic adolescents
    Eshraghi A, Maroufi N, Sanjari MA, Saeedi H, Keyhani MR, Gholizadeh H, et al.
    Prosthet Orthot Int, 2013 Feb;37(1):76-84.
    PMID: 22751219 DOI: 10.1177/0309364612448805
    Biomechanical factors, such as spinal deformities can result in balance control disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Walking/physiology
  20. Pistoning assessment in lower limb prosthetic sockets
    Eshraghi A, Osman NA, Gholizadeh H, Karimi M, Ali S
    Prosthet Orthot Int, 2012 Mar;36(1):15-24.
    PMID: 22269941 DOI: 10.1177/0309364611431625
    One of the main indicators of the suspension system efficiency in lower limb prostheses is vertical displacement or pistoning within the socket. Decreasing pistoning and introducing an effective system for evaluating pistoning could contribute to the amputees' rehabilitation process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Walking
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