MyMedR

Lightning fatality with blast, flame, heat and current effects: a macroscopic and microscopic view

Murty OP

J Forensic Leg Med, 2009 Apr;16(3):162-7.

PMID: 19239970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2008.07.009

A case is presented of a fatal environmental accidental injuries of lightning. A pedestrian was struck by lightning. The macroscopic and microscopic lightning injuries are reviewed.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung/pathology

Tumour volume and lung metastasis in patients with osteosarcoma

Munajat I, Zulmi W, Norazman MZ, Wan Faisham WI

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2008 Aug;16(2):182-5.

PMID: 18725669

To assess the association between tumour volume and occurrence of lung metastasis in patients with osteosarcoma and to determine the cut-off value.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/secondary*

In vitro cytotoxicity testing on valued added hydroxyapatite as bone replacement material

Shaari R, Samsudin AR

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:109-10.

PMID: 15468842

The present in vitro evaluation indicated that the value added hydroxyapatite (HA) was more toxic than pure HA but the toxicity of value added HA was slight compared to the positive control. In this testing, the conclusion can be made that value added HA is less biocompatible than commercialized pure HA. This toxicity may be caused by both the particle size and degradation (leaching). Further studies should be carried out to determine whether there is particle size effect or leaching effect when using powder as compared to the block materials. The in vivo evaluation should be done to assess the reaction to this value added HA as compared to the pure HA.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung/cytology

Fulltext Association of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions and smoking with lung cancer mortality rates on a global scale

Motorykin O, Matzke MM, Waters KM, Massey Simonich SL

Environ Sci Technol, 2013 Apr 2;47(7):3410-6.

PMID: 23472838 DOI: 10.1021/es305295d

The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between lung cancer mortality rates, carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions, and smoking on a global scale, as well as for different socioeconomic country groups. The estimated lung cancer deaths per 100,000 people (ED100000) and age standardized lung cancer death rate per 100,000 people (ASDR100000) in 2004 were regressed on PAH emissions in benzo[a]pyrene equivalence (BaPeq), smoking prevalence, cigarette price, gross domestic product per capita, percentage of people with diabetes, and average body mass index using simple and multiple linear regression for 136 countries. Using stepwise multiple linear regression, a statistically significant positive linear relationship was found between loge(ED100000) and loge(BaPeq) emissions for high (p-value <0.01) and for the combination of upper-middle and high (p-value <0.05) socioeconomic country groups. A similar relationship was found between loge(ASDR100000) and loge(BaPeq) emissions for the combination of upper-middle and high (p-value <0.01) socioeconomic country groups. Conversely, for loge(ED100000) and loge(ASDR100000), smoking prevalence was the only significant independent variable in the low socioeconomic country group (p-value <0.001). These results suggest that reducing BaPeq emissions in the U.S., Canada, Australia, France, Germany, Brazil, South Africa, Poland, Mexico, and Malaysia could reduce ED100000, while reducing smoking prevalence in Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Nepal, Mongolia, Cambodia, and Bangladesh could significantly reduce the ED100000 and ASDR100000.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/mortality*

Prophylactic nasal continuous positive airways pressure for preventing morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants

Subramaniam P, Henderson-Smart DJ, Davis PG

Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2005 Jul 20.

PMID: 16034858

BACKGROUND: Cohort studies (Avery 1987; Jonsson 1997) have suggested that early post-natal nasal continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) may be beneficial in reducing the need for intubation and intermittent positive pressure ventilation, and in preventing chronic lung disease in preterm or low birth weight infants.

OBJECTIVES: To determine if prophylactic nasal CPAP commenced soon after birth regardless of respiratory status in the very preterm or very low birth weight infant reduces the use of IPPV and the incidence of chronic lung disease (CLD) without adverse effects.

SEARCH STRATEGY: The search was updated in April 2005. The standard search strategy of the Neonatal Review Group was used. This included searches of the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, Cochrane Library Issue 1 2005, MEDLINE 1966-April 2005, previous reviews including cross references, abstracts, conferences, symposia, proceedings, expert informants, journal hand searching mainly in the English language.

SELECTION CRITERIA: All trials using random or quasi-random patient allocation of very preterm infants < 32 weeks gestation and / or < 1500 gms at birth were eligible. Comparison had to be between prophylactic nasal CPAP commencing soon after birth regardless of the respiratory status of the infant compared with "standard" methods of treatment where CPAP or IPPV is used for a defined respiratory condition.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Standard methods of the Cochrane Collaboration and its Neonatal Review Group, including independent assessment of trial quality and extraction of data by each author, were used. Data were analysed using relative risk (RR). Meta-analysis was performed using a fixed effects model.

MAIN RESULTS: There are no statistically significant differences in any of the outcomes studied in either of the eligible trials (Han 1987; Sandri 2004) reporting on 82 and 230 infants respectively. In Han 1987 there are trends towards increases in the incidence of BPD at 28 days [RR 2.27 (0.77, 6.65)], death [RR 3.63 (0.42, 31.08)] and any IVH [RR 2.18 (0.84, 5.62)] in the CPAP group. In Sandri 2004 there is a trend towards an increase in IVH grade 3 or 4 [RR 3.0 (0.96, 28.42)] in the CPAP group. No outcome was significantly different in any of the meta-analyses.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is currently insufficient information to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic nasal CPAP in very preterm infants. Neither of the included studies reviewed showed evidence of benefit in reducing the use of IPPV. The tendency for some adverse outcomes to be increased is of concern and further multicentre randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify this.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/prevention & control*

Fulltext Pulmonary disease empirically treated as tuberculosis-a retrospective study of 107 cases

Loh LC, Abdul Samah SZ, Zainudin A, Wong GLS, Gan WH, Yusuf WS, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Mar;60(1):62-70.

PMID: 16250282

Pulmonary disease is sometimes treated empirically as tuberculosis (TB) in the absence of microbial confirmation if the clinical suspicion of active TB is high. In a country of relatively high TB and low HIV burden, we retrospectively studied 107 patients (69.2% male; mean age (SD): 45 (17) years) who received empirical anti-TB treatment for intrapulmonary opacities or pleural effusions suspected of active TB in our hospitals between 1998 and 2002. The diagnosis of definite or probable 'smear-negative' pulmonary TB was made based on treatment outcome at two months with rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol (or streptomycin). At this end-point, 81 patients (84.4%) had both clinical and radiological improvement (definite cases), 12 (12.5%) had clinical improvement alone and 3 (3.1%) had radiological improvement alone (probable cases). Confirmation of acid-fast bacilli was subsequently obtained in 12 patients (all definite cases) from culture of initial pulmonary specimens. Eleven patients (10.5%) were diagnosed as 'non-TB' based on absence of both clinical and radiological improvement or discovery of another cause for the pulmonary condition at or before this two-month study end-point. In the 'non-TB' group, 2 had carcinoma, 2 had HIV-related pulmonary diseases, 1 had bronchiectasis, while in 6 causes were indeterminate. Six (6.3%) and 3 (27.3%) patients reported adverse effects from anti-TB drugs from the 'TB' and 'non-TB' groups respectively. Our findings suggest that empirical anti-TB treatment is an acceptable practice if clinical suspicion is high in patients coming in our region.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/drug therapy*

Fulltext Mycotic bronchial artery aneurysmal rupture in the early stage of lung abscess: A case report

Mohd Alkaf AL, Syed Rasul SH, Abdul Rahman I

Med J Malaysia, 2016 04;71(2):96-7.

PMID: 27326956 MyJurnal

Symptomatic bronchial artery aneurysm warrants urgent intervention. It has a known association with pulmonary infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus. We hereby report an elderly lady with a ruptured left superior bronchial artery mycotic aneurysm. She was in the early stages of treatment for a left lung abscess. She had multiple episodes of haemoptysis following which she underwent a left lower lobectomy. Presentation of lung abscess with a concurrent ruptured mycotic aneurysm warrants early surgical intervention and can be curative as seen in this case.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Abscess/complications*

Fulltext Lung segmentation on standard and mobile chest radiographs using oriented Gaussian derivatives filter

Wan Ahmad WS, Zaki WM, Ahmad Fauzi MF

Biomed Eng Online, 2015;14:20.

PMID: 25889188 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-015-0014-8

Unsupervised lung segmentation method is one of the mandatory processes in order to develop a Content Based Medical Image Retrieval System (CBMIRS) of CXR. The purpose of the study is to present a robust solution for lung segmentation of standard and mobile chest radiographs using fully automated unsupervised method.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung/radiography*

Loss of weight in a female heavy smoker with diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

Al-Adsani A, Dahniya MH, Al-Adsani N

Postgrad Med J, 2001 Feb;77(904):127, 137-8.

PMID: 11161092

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/etiology*

Causes of pleural exudates in a region with a high incidence of tuberculosis

Liam CK, Lim KH, Wong CM

Respirology, 2000 Mar;5(1):33-8.

PMID: 10728729

To define the causes of exudative pleural effusions in our region.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/complications

Successful treatment of unresectable inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung with COX-2 inhibitor

Chan PW, Omar KZ, Ramanujam TM

Pediatr Pulmonol, 2003 Aug;36(2):167-9.

PMID: 12833497

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/drug therapy*

Fulltext Notification of occupational and work-related diseases and poisonings in Malaysia, 1997-1998

Sirajuddin H, Roslinah A, Rampal KG, Kuppusamy I, Rohna R, Aziz M, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Mar;56(1):25-31.

PMID: 11503292

In 1997, the Ministry of Health Malaysia introduced a surveillance programme for occupational and work-related diseases including poisonings for cases seen in government health facilities. Between June 1997 and November 1998, there were 36 cases of respiratory disease and 95 cases of poisoning by chemicals and pesticides notified while skin diseases were 108 cases. Respiratory diseases reported were predominantly occupational asthma (25%), pneumoconiosis (17%) and infections (39%). The commonest reported skin disease was contact dermatitis (87%). The commonest causes of occupational poisonings were paraquat (19%), organo-phosphates (16%), agro-chemicals excluding pesticides (15%) and gases (10%). The number of cases reported is still relatively few compared to data from other countries, suggesting that there is still considerable under reporting.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/epidemiology

Fulltext Clubbing of the fingers in patients with primary lung cancer

Liam CK

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Jun;52(2):186-7.

PMID: 10968082

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms/complications*

Fulltext Lung function in Malay children

Ismail Y, Azmi NN, Zurkurnain Y

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Jun;48(2):171-4.

PMID: 8350792

We conducted a study to measure the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in a group of normal Malay primary school children aged 7 to 12 years. PEFR was measured in 920 children (482 boys and 438 girls) while FVC and FEV1 were measured in 292 of them (168 boys and 124 girls). In agreement with previous studies, we found that PEFR was correlated with age and height of the subjects but FVC and FEV1 were correlated with height only. Prediction equations for all 3 lung function indices for Malay boys and girls were formulated. In comparison with the lung function values from Western and Chinese subjects, the lung function values in our subjects are lower.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung/physiology*

Fulltext Septicaemic pulmonary melioidosis with cutaneous pustules

Liam CK

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Jun;48(2):248-9.

PMID: 8350807

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases/complications*

Lung function reference values in Singaporean children aged 6-18 years

Connett GJ, Quak SH, Wong ML, Teo J, Lee BW

Thorax, 1994 Sep;49(9):901-5.

PMID: 7940431

A study was undertaken to produce reference values of lung function in Chinese children and a means of calculating adjusted standard deviation scores of lung function for Malay and Indian ethnic groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung/physiology*

Fulltext Spirometric volumes in Malaysian males

Singh R, Singh HJ, Sirisinghe RG

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1994 Jun;25(2):341-8.

PMID: 7855654

Spirometry was performed on 1,485 male subjects ranging in age from 13 years to 78 years and comprising of all the main ethnic groups in Malaysia. They were divided into six age categories. Mean forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were 3.45 +/- 0.02 and 3.10 +/- 0.02, respectively. Both FVC and FEV1 correlated negatively with age. Regression analysis revealed an age-related decline in FVC of 295 ml per decade of life. Multiple stepwise regression of the data for the prediction of an individual's FVC above the age of 20 years gave the equation FVC (1) = 0.0404 (height in cm)-0.0295 (age in years)-2.2892. Predicted FVC values derived from equations based on other populations were considerably higher than the observed mean in this study. This study therefore, reemphasises the need to be cautions when applying formulae derived from one population to another. Grossly erroneous conclusions may be reached unless predicted equations for lung-function tests for a given population group are derived from studies based upon the same population group.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung/physiology*

The influence of thyroxine and propyl thiouracil on Parastrongylus malaysiensis infection in rats

Kamis AB, Ahmad RA, Chang JS, Ambu S

Parasitol Res, 1994;80(1):87-8.

PMID: 8153134

Daily intramuscular injection with thyroxine (T4) at a dose of 2.5 micrograms/100 g body weight decreased the larvae and adult worm burden of Parastrongylus malaysiensis in the brain and pulmonary arteries of male Sprague-Dawley albino rats. In contrast, rats treated with propyl thiouracil (PTU), an antithyroid drug, at a dose of 3.75 mg/100 g body weight retained greater numbers of larvae and adult worms. The results may reflect the contrasting immunomodulatory effects of T4 and PTU that influence the susceptibility of the host.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung/parasitology

Fulltext Steroid therapy in obstructive airway diseases

Zainudin BMZ

Respirology, 1997 Mar;2(1):17-31.

PMID: 9424402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.1997.tb00051.x

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two common illnesses that cause significant morbidity and mortality. Steroids are widely used in both conditions. They act through steroid or glucocorticoid receptors (GR) causing up or down regulation of protein synthesis resulting in an increase in lipocortin 1 and beta 2 adrenergic receptors, and decreased levels and activities of cytokines or cytokine receptors, which reduces the inflammatory process in the airways and decreases bronchial hyperreactivity. Consequently symptoms of airway obstruction are alleviated and lung function is improved. In asthma, steroids have been convincingly shown to be effective in the treatment of both acute exacerbations and chronic condition. In COPD, however, only a subset of patients seem to respond favourably to steroid therapy. Therapeutic trials are therefore recommended before committing to a long-term treatment in order to determine this subset of patients, as no markers of steroid responsiveness can be identified. The inhaled steroids currently available have a good safety profile with significant side effects occurring only occasionally. Such side effects are usually confined to the oropharynx, causing local irritation, candidiasis and dysphonia, which can be easily overcome. Biochemical abnormalities involving bone, adrenal, carbohydrate and lipid profiles have been noted with high doses of inhaled steroids; however, these have no significant clinical effects.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases, Obstructive/drug therapy*

Partial purification and isoelectric focusing patterns of the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and the Kedah-Kelantan cattle (Bos indicus) glutathione transferases

Shamaan NA, Yunus I, Mahbut H, Wan Ngah WZ

Comp. Biochem. Physiol., B, 1991;100(2):259-63.

PMID: 1799968

1. Glutathione transferases from the liver, lung and kidney tissues of the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and the Kedah-Kelantan cattle (Bos indicus) were partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. 2. Liver tissue contains the highest enzyme activity when compared to the lung and kidney tissues. 3. The activity in cattle is higher than that in the buffalo. 4. Isoelectric focusing separates the activities into the acidic, near neutral and basic fractions. 5. The focused patterns are different for each of the tissues and in each of the species investigated.

Matched MeSH terms: Lung/enzymology

Displaying publications 441 - 460 of 790 in total